新闻专业译稿3000_新闻专业就业前景
新闻专业译稿3000由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“新闻专业就业前景”。
为电视新闻辩护
埃里克·萨瓦赖德
许多年来，美国的印刷新闻事业和电子新闻事业之间一直存在着一种对立的关系。无数的报纸评论家似乎坚持要求广播电视新闻事业办得跟印刷新闻事业一样，并用他们的标准来衡量。但这是办不到的。这两者与其说是彼此对立的，还不如说是相辅相成的，单它们确实是不同的。
用影像和声音传播的新闻是唯一真正有发展前途的新的新闻形式。它是一种大众传播媒介，一种普遍的传播媒介；美国的公共教育系统之所以在世界上第一个作出努力让人人受教育，因为它有可能做到这一点。与报刊相比，它存在着严重的固有的局限性，但同时也有有利之处。广播电视新闻是按时间的长度来播放的，而报纸却按空间的幅度来编排。这就是说，报纸或杂志的读者在很大程度上可以自认编辑。他可以把报刊溜一眼，决定看什么，不看什么。电视观众却是无法偷闲的囚犯，要想看到自己感兴趣的东西，就不得不坐下来看完自己不感兴趣的东西。在电视上，报道当地一两公共汽车的交通事故可以和爆发一场大战的新闻产生同样大的效果，似乎两者一样重要。观众对此无能为力，自己厌恶之心也无从发泄。
在美国，每个人多多少少都看电视。那些自称不看电视的人，大都也看几眼。最高法院的菲利克斯·弗兰克特法官说得对，他说，任何一个低级趣味的人都不会有高级趣味，但是每一个自称趣味高级的人都有相当分量的低级趣味。电视大半是低级趣味和中级趣味的结合，但是它提供的高级趣味之多，超过了自称高级趣味的人所愿承认或所愿意了解的程度。他们去买一本书或者去剧院订一张票，要事前计划，费神又费钱。但是他们并不查看报纸上电台和电视的节目栏，不查看一周之内播放那些音乐、戏剧或者严肃的纪录片，再安排自己看电视的时间。他们希望回到家里，一面吃晚饭，一面扭动电视上的键钮，找一点可看的东西，让电视适应自己的安排。
电视节目的供求关系是严重失调的。以为报纸主编马克·埃斯里奇在肯塔基州易斯维尔从事了8年的电视工作之后，曾经说过，电视是一个饕餮的怪物，它狼吞虎咽的把莎士比亚、才干和金钱消化掉。正像一个电视台经理有一次对以为评论家所说的一样：“唉，甚至平平淡淡的电视节目也不能够周转” 在美国，电视节目一天播送18小时到24小时，一年播送365天。从来没有任何其他传播消息或者娱乐媒介试图这样做过。美国剧院一年上演多少个新的好剧本？又上演多多少部看到的电影？把它们加在一起365天也许只能排满2个晚上。
大众传播媒介的每一次新发展都受到某一类知识分子的反对。我相信，古登堡就受到那个时代上流人物的谴责，说他的发明在畏惧上帝、忠顺的民众中间传播危险的思想。打字机曾受到一些比较古怪的知识分子的谴责，说它的噼噼啪啪响声会破坏他们的灵感。最早的电影也曾受非议，说是会搞垮合法的剧院。到了有声电视出现，又被指为破坏了电影的真正艺术，哑剧。
在这些批评家看来，电视当然是在破坏一切。
他们对我们说，电视破坏交谈。真是胡说！不爱谈话的家庭总是不爱谈话的。电视实际上成了亿万次谈话的话题。
他们说电视破坏了阅读习惯。这又是胡说。电视普及以来，美国的书籍销售量大有增加，其幅度远远超过人口的增长。我们在哥伦比亚广播公司曾经请最高法院的雨果·布莱克法官发表电视谈话，在节目终了的时候，我们在电视上宣布，观众如果想要一本像布莱克法官手里拿的这种宪法袖珍本，可以写信给我们。我们在哥伦比亚广播公司收到了大约15万分要求的书信。这些观众中大多数人未必知道宪法是印在纸上的，他们以为宪法只是泛泛而论的，或者只写在什么地方的青铜匾上。我同码头工人兼作家埃里克·霍夫进行了第一次电视谈话以后，第二天他的书就在美国几乎所有书店脱销了。
他们对我们说，电视使用的语言降低了英语的水平。真是无稽！在收音机和电视机先手出现以前，千千万万住在农户木屋里的人们，生活在平原和山区的小村庄里以及大城市贫民窟里的人们，毕生都不曾听见标准的英语。电视这种传播媒介的长处之一，就是在于普遍提高了英语水平。
印刷新闻事业和电子新闻事业之间的对立关系只是一种单方面的对立。报刊天天都在审视、分析和评
论我们这些从事电视工作的人，我们却没有回敬。过去，特别是在只有收音机的年代，我们断断续续试举办过“哥伦比亚广播公司看报刊”节目，但做得不够。我们是个全国性的电视网，在此基础上，几乎不可能为了全国观众利益评论报纸，因为我们实际上没有全国性的报纸，即全国各地都看的报纸。为了观众的利益，我们的最大失败在于没有自我批评，至少应当是通过报道观众的批评进行自我批评。我们有时在某些问题上这样做过，但是这应该是从一开始就成为电视的一个经常性工作。电视的唯一弱点是人们不能反过来对那个小匣子说话。假如观众多年来能做到这一点，他们的厌恶情绪也许早就烟消云散了。障碍不在于方针政策，而在于节目安排不灵活这个实际问题。譬如说，我们不再有15分钟的长节目了。我们多年来一直希望把晚间新闻延长到一个小时，假如这样延长了，我们就可以做许多事情，包括安排一段时间的观众批评。妨碍这样做的，并不是人们所认为的唯利是图的垄断性电视公司，而是地方分支机构。得到半小时的新闻时间就费了很大的劲；想要得到一个小时，显然是办不到的。
我建议报刊的发行人不要一味发表高调的社论和评论文章，责骂电视娱乐节目的文化水平如何低下，然后，又在一年的大部分时间里，在他们每周的电视增刊封面上，突出的介绍电视中出名的最新摇滚乐明星或破案能手。要不然，他们就应该老老实实承认，他们采取和电视台一样迎合观众口味的办法，是因为这种办法有利可图。
说到这里，读者一定会想，这个人发什么牢骚啊？他走运的时间比一般人都久；他的薪金也很高。人们公认他是本行一位正直的实干家。这些话都对，在我自己毕生的事业中，我得到的祝福的确比咒骂多得多。
但我还是要说我现在所说的话，我这样做，是彻底违背一条古老的箴言，那就是：永远永远不要答复别人的批评。我之所以如此，是因为我觉得必须有某个人这样做；因为报刊和电视、电台之间的批评是一种单方面的批评；因为有一种神话正在慢慢的形成。
这种神话说，自从20世纪50年代爱德华·R莫罗和弗雷德·弗兰德力的首批创业型电视节目问世以来，哥伦比亚广播公司新闻部已经变得不那么大胆了，很少制作一针见血的节目。莫罗的节目是不朽的，因为他们是最早的电视节目，从那时以来，我们直截了当的谈过人们所能想到的每一个有争议的话题，例如：吸毒、同性恋、政府的腐败、企业界的腐败、电视商业广告、枪支管制、杀虫剂、偷税漏税、军事上的浪费、堕胎、越难战争等等，都谈论过。缺点在于素材不足，而不在于电视不愿意谈论这些话题。归根结底，在美国，电视本有可能从一开始就成为政府的附属品或工具，它也有可能完全走好莱坞的道路。但是这两种情况都没有发生。电视倔强的坚持了法律所允许的每一项自由，而且还在争取更多的自由。
我们这些从事新闻工作的人，并不是我国最糟糕的人。我们所刊载或者播出的产品，比45年前我初出茅庐当记者的时候要好得多，要更有修养和更加负责。现在这一代美国新闻工作者是最幸福的一代。我们不再挨饿吃苦，我们已坐了上席。我们影响着我们的年代
这些年头，到华盛顿当一名新闻工作者更是分外的幸运。自古罗马时代以来，从来没有哪一个世界新闻中心堪与华盛顿相比，我想，我们的工作做得比前人好，而我们的后来人将会比我们更强。
The television news.Eric Savoy Ryder
For many years, the United States of America print journalism and electronic journalism has always existed between an antagonistic relationship.Numerous newspaper critics seem to insist on radio and television news career as a print journalism, and their standards.But it is impoible to.Both it is in opposition to one another, still be inferior to saying is complementary, single they are really different.Image and sound transmiion of news is the only truly promising new form of news.It is a kind of ma media, a universal media;the United States of America 's public education system was the first in the world to make efforts to make education for all, because it is impoible
to achieve this point.Compared with the pre, it has serious inherent limitations, but also has the advantage of.Radio and television news is according to the length of time to play, but the newspapers according to the magnitude of arrangement.That is to say, a newspaper or magazine reader can be largely as editor.He can put the newspaper slipped one eye, deciding what to see, not see what.TV viewer is unable to escape the prisoners, to see what they are interested in, you have to sit down and read anything he is not interested in.On television, reported local one or two bus traffic accidents can and the outbreak of war news to produce the same big effect, seem to be two important.The audience are incapable of action, their aversion to heart and vent.In the United States, everyone has more or le watch tv.Those who claim to not watch TV people, mostly also glance.Supreme Court justice Felix Frank, the judge said, he said, a vulgar person do not have high interest, but each claimed to taste senior people are a component of the vulgar.Television is the most vulgar and intermediate interesting combination, but it provides high interest more than himself, high interest people to admit or are willing to know the extent of.They are going to buy a book or going to the theater booking ticket, to plan ahead, trouble and money.But they don't check newspaper radio and television program bar, do not see a week playing the music, drama or serious documentary, to arrange their own time to watch tv.They hope to return home, eat dinner, twisting TV button, find some things to see, let television adaptation to their arrangement.TV show the relation between supply and demand is serious and maladjusted.That newspaper editor Mark ace Ricci in Kentucky to Zanesville in8 years of TV work followed, once said, the TV is a gluttonous monster eat like wolves and tigers, it put Shakespeare, talent and money digest.As a TV station manager once told that critics said:“ Alas, even light TV programs can not turnover”
In the United States, television programs broadcast18 hours a day to 24hours,365 days a year.There was never any other communication news or entertainment media trying to do.The United States of America theatre a year on many new good play? They staged more or department to see the movie? All of them put together365 days may be booked for 2 nights.The ma media is one of the new development are a cla of intellectuals opposed.I believe that, by the time the nobs condemnation, saying his invention in the fear of God, the faithful people to spread dangerous ideas.The typewriter has been some of the more bizarre intellectuals condemned, said its crackling noise will destroy their inspiration.The first film was also criticized, was legitimate theatre.The voice TV appearance, also referred to as destroyed the movie real art, pantomime.In these critics, television is certainly in the destruction of all.They say to us, failure to television.It is nonsense!Don't love talking family always doesn't love talking.Television in fact became millions upon millions of topic of conversation.They say that television has destroyed the reading habit.This is nonsense.The popularity of television since, the United States of America books sales have increased, its amplitude is far more than population growth.We at Columbia Broadcasting Company asked the Supreme Court judge Hugo Black iued a TV talk show, in the end, we declared on television audience, if you want a like judge Black in the hands of this constitution pocket book, can write to us.We at Columbia Broadcasting Company had received about 15letters a requirement.The audience
in the most people may not know the constitution is printed on paper, they thought that the constitution is generalized, or write only where the bronze plaque.I am the same dock worker and writer Eric Hof performed the first TV talk later, the very next day his books in the United States almost all Bookstore sold out.They say to us, the use of television language reduces the level of english.It is ridiculous!In radio and television before thousands on thousands of lives in farmer hand, hut people, living in the plain and mountainous village in the big city and the people in the slum life, never heard of standard english.One of the strengths of the TV media, is generally improve the standard of english.Print journalism and electronic journalism between opposites is a kind of unilateral opposition.The pre every day in the review, analysis and comment on those of us involved in television work, but we didn't return.In the past, particularly in the only radio time, we were held intermittently“ Columbia Broadcasting Company, see the pre” program, but not doing enough.We are a national television network, on the basis of this, almost impoible to a national audience interest review newspaper, because we didn't really have a national newspaper, namely countrywide each district newspaper.To the viewer's interests, our greatest failure is that there is no self criticism, it should at least be reported through the audience criticized criticize myself.We sometimes on certain iues, do, but this should be from the beginning as a television as a regular work.Television the only weakne is that people cannot turn on the small box.If the audience over the years to accomplish this, they dislike would disappear in smoke.Disorder is not the policy, but in the program arrangement is flexible the practical problems.For example, we no longer have a15 minute long program.Over the years we have hope to the evening news was extended to an hour, if such extension, we can do many things, including arrangements for a period of time the audience criticism.Impede doing, not what people think seek nothing but profits monopoly television company, but local branches.Get the half hour news time with great effort;want to get an hour, is clearly not to do.I suggest that the newspaper publisher don't publish high-profile editorial and commentary, scold television entertainment culture level is low, then, and for most of the year, in their weekly television supplement on the cover, featured in TV famous new rock stars or detection expert.Otherwise, they will be honest to admit, they take the same television to cater to the tastes of the audience approach, because the method have good prospects of gain.Here, readers will think, what about this man? His lucky time than most people have for a long time;his salary is very high.People recognized him to be an honest man.These words are right, in my career, my bleings and curses did much more than.But I still want to say what I'm saying now, I do, is completely contrary to an ancient proverb, that is: never responded to criticism.I was so, because I think there must be someone to do so;because the pre and TV, radio between criticism is a kind of unilateral criticism;because there is a myth that is slowly formed.This myth, since the nineteen fifties Edward R morrow and Fred Flanders force first entrepreneurial TV programs since the advent of Columbia, ABC News Department has become le bold, rarely making the program pierce to the heart of the matter.Morrow's program is immortal, because they are the earliest television programs, since then we say without mincing words, discued what people can think of each of a controversial topic, for example: drug abuse, homosexuality, government corruption, corporate corruption, TV commercials, gun control,insecticide, tax evasion tax evasion, military waste, abortion, and more difficult to war and so on, are discued.Disadvantage is that the material is insufficient, and not in the television is not willing to talk about these topics.In the final analysis, in the United States, television this is poible from the beginning to be government adjuncts or tool, it is also poible to completely go Hollywood road.But these two things did not happen.Television stubborn adherence to the law allows each freedom, but also for more freedom.We engaged in the news work, and not the bad man.We publish or broadcast products, more than45 years ago I was a green hand when the reporter is much better, more training and more responsible.Now this generation of American journalists are the happiest generation.We no longer hungry bear hardships, we have to sit on the seats.We affect our time
These days, to Washington as a journalist is very lucky.Since the times of ancient Rome, which has never been a world news worthy compared with Washington, I think, we do our job better than before, and we later will be stronger than us.
