旅游诗词楹联的处理_旅游诗词楹联处理
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Poems and Couplets
趣味性
“江山如此多娇,引无数英雄竞折腰”。中国的山水文化丰富,历史文化厚重,风土人
情多姿多彩,真可谓“风景这边独好!”旅游景点有很多喜闻乐见的诗词、楹联,而遗憾的是,太多的趣味—山水之趣、人文之趣、乡音之趣—丢失在翻译之中(lost in translation)
The pleasure of taking pains—Robert Frost
如何将岳飞的《满江红》译得朗朗上口,又保持气势?
如何让欧美游客更多欣赏到西湖天下景的“水水山山处处明明秀秀,晴晴雨雨时时好好
奇奇”?
如何翻译小吃“西施舌”中的西施?
如何译出佛教中雅俗共赏的对子“大肚能容容世上之难事,开口便笑笑天下可笑之人”?
旅游对翻译的“辐射”
翻译永远是跨文化的,永远是讲求效果的。旅游翻译不仅要讲究文字本身漂亮,如果同
时注重营销组合(market mix—product, price, place, promotion),则更容易达到预期的效果。
七彩云南——Colorful Yunnan /7-ColoredYunnan/Multi-colored Yunnan
诗画江南,山水浙江——Poetic Jiangnan, Picturesque Zhejiang
福天福地福建游——A Happy Tour to a Happy City
旅游翻译的原则
以译出语或译出语文化为取向(source language orientation/source language culture
orientation)
这种标准在旅游翻译中很常见,目的是尽可能保留原有的“原汁原味”和鲜明特色。
如:Niagara Falls, Yellow Stone Park, Merlion Park;Great Barrier Reef, Minzu Hotel, Lingyin Temple;Jiuzhaigou Valley。
以译入语或译入语文化为取向(target language orientation/target language culture
orientation)目的是让旅游者一看就懂,产生原文本身所具有的吸引力。如:望湖饭店(lakeview hotel),颐和园(Summer Palace)
以作者为取向(author orientation)
主要用于翻译名人名家的诗歌、楹联、散文、游记等,目的是“保存原作的风姿”和作
者的“权威性”。
E.g.青山有幸埋忠骨白铁无辜铸佞臣
The green hill is fortunate to be the burial ground of a loyal general
The white iron was innocent to be cast into the statues of traitors
以旅游者为取向(tourist orientation)
这种标准在旅游翻译诸标准中应成为首选或主要标准,即既可以“归化”,也可“异化”。 E.g.这种冬青树,你们称为“圣诞树”,我们俗称“鸟不宿”。
This holly is what you call a “Christmas tree”, and it is what locally known as
“unperchable”. 以美学为取向(esthetic orientation)
这种标准主要是在观光、访问、考察时或在宣传、推广中国的山水文化时用来翻译诗词、楹联、碑文、名胜古迹、风味小吃等,使用一切翻译策略,目的是尽可能实现原文的美学价值。
E.g.仿膳—Imperial Food杭州煨鸡--Beggar’s Chicken 狗不理--Dogs Don’t Leave 西施舌—The Beauty’s Tongue
纽马克的翻译理论
1、逐字翻译法(word for word translation)
原文语序不变,原文的词逐个翻译,选择最常用的词意,不必考虑上下文。文化词也照
直译。就旅游翻译而言,这种译法适用面不广,但可灵活应用于翻译专有名词。 如拙政园(Humble Administrator’s Garden)的小飞虹桥,可译为:Small Flying Rainbow
2、直译法(Literal translation)
将原语语法结构转换为目的与中与之最接近的结构,原语中的词仍然注意译成目的语。
此法可用于某些景点楹联的翻译。
例如:海水朝朝朝朝朝朝朝落浮云长长长长长长长消
Sea water tide, day to day tide, every day tide and every day ebb
Floating clouds appear, often appear, often appear and often go(金隄、奈达)
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3、忠实翻译法(faithful translation)
此法试图在目的语语法结构的限制内精确地再现原作的上下文意义。文化此照搬至目的语中,并保留原语的语法和词汇的“非正常性”。其目的在于试图完全忠实于原文作者的意图和文本体现。
4、语义翻译法(semantic translation)
此法更多地考虑原语的美学价值,只要合适可以就意义作出妥协,不至于因半谐韵、文
字游戏、重复等修辞手段而在译文中产生不和谐的声音。这种翻译法非常适合不少导译文本和一些旅游推销广告。
5、改写法(adaptation)
最自由的翻译形式。主要用于戏剧和诗歌翻译。这是旅游翻译中常见的翻译方法。例如
上述山海关的对联可以改写为:
Every day floating clouds come and goVery often sea waters ebb and flow
《湖上初雨》
水光潋滟晴方好,山色空蒙雨亦奇。欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。
Ripping water shimmering on sunny day,Misty mountains shrouded the rain.Plain or gaily decked out like Xizi,West Lake is always alluring.
6、自由译法(free translation)
7、地道语译法(idiomatic translation)
8、交际翻译法(communication translation)
实践性
E.g.1 花港观鱼(Viewing fish at the flower harbor)。
实际上,在杭州西山大麦岭后,有一条小溪流经此处注入西湖,名为“花港”,正确译
法应为Viewing Fish at the Flower Stream
E.g.2 西安碑林
在旅游资料中不宜译为“Forest of Steles”。Stele是希腊考古学方面的一个专业词,专指
刻有文字或图案的石板、石柱。一位澳大利亚专家建议改用比较通俗的常用词tablet,因此碑林可以为 “Forest of Stone Tablets”
旅游翻译的特殊性
旅游文本的特点翻译特点与策略翻译效果
旅游文本的特点
旅游文本包括旅游指南、旅游行程、旅游委托书、旅游意向书、旅游合同、旅游广告、导游解说词、景点介绍、博物馆解说词、旅游宣传册、旅游地图、旅游宣传标语、演出节目单、菜单、宾馆指示牌、各类通知、路标、地名等等。因此所涉及的词汇量大、知识面宽、文化面广、措辞讲究、风格人性、具有可读性和亲和力,以及功能多样化。
翻译特点与策略
翻译标准
导游词的翻译应以“信”为前提,既重“达”,也重文笔。所谓“信”,即指忠实于原文
本的思想内容,忠实于其正确性和科学性,包括文化背景、历史事实、审美信息,人文景观等。导游词应该“言之有物(据、理、情、趣、喻、神)”。导游应是导游员与游客交流思想感情、指导游览、进行讲解,传播文化时使用的口头语言,因此必须在语言艺术的“达意”和“舒服”(朱光潜)上下功夫,在“美”字上做文章。
翻译特点与策略
这就决定了这类文本的翻译应主要采用“交际翻译法”(communicative translation)和“语义翻译法”(semantic translation)
E.g.上有天堂,下有苏杭。
In the sky, the best is heaven, on the earth, the best are Suzhou and Hangzhou.Above is paradise, below is Suzhou and Hangzhou.翻译效果
导游讲解与口译一样,注重的是现场效果(on-the-spot effect /immediate effect)。因此导
游词的翻译应注重现场效果和现场气氛。特别是在处理一些诗情画意的名胜古迹的译名时要做到简洁、明快、达意,能意译处则意译。
E.g.西湖十景之一的三潭印月(小瀛洲),应译成“Three Pools Mirroring the Moon”,而不应是难以传达原文审美信息、难以产生现场效果的音译:the isle of Santanyinyue,xiaoyingzhou 或Leer Yingzhou。
楹联的翻译
1、保持词汇层的对应
E.g.水水山山处处明明秀秀晴晴雨雨时时好好奇奇
直译:Water Water Hill Hill Place place Bright Bright Beautiful Beautiful
Fine Fine Rain Rain MomentMoment Pleasant Pleasant Wonderful Wonderful 意译:With water and hill, every place looks bright and beautiful
Rain or shine, every moment appears pleasant and wonderful
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2、保持句子结构的对应
E.g.青山有幸埋忠骨白铁无辜铸佞臣
The green hill is fortunate to be the burial ground of a loyal general
The white iron was innocent to be cast into the statues of traitors
E.g.2大肚能容容世上难容之事开口便笑笑天下可笑之人
His belly is big enough to contain all intolerable things on earth
His mouth is ever ready to laugh at all snobbish persons under heaven
3、改变句子结构
E.g.峰峦或再有飞来坐山门老等泉水已渐生暖意放笑脸相迎
Awaiting at the door another peak flying over
Facing with a smile the cool spring warming up
4、保持词义层对应
E.g.重重叠叠山,曲曲缓缓路,叮叮咚咚泉,高高下下树。
The hills—range after rangeThe trails—winding and climbing
The creeks—murmuring and gurglingThe trees—high and lowly
5、保持语用层对应
E.g.子孙贤族将大兄弟睦家之肥
Virtuous, offspring will make the clan flourish
Harmonious, brothers will make the family prosper
景点名称的翻译是旅游翻译之难点
Times Square 一错再错
该名源自一度为《纽约时报》总社所在地的“时报大楼”(Times Tower),因此Times Square
应译为“时报广场”。
“断桥残雪”问题残留至今Remnant Snow on the Broken Bridge
“黄龙吐翠”与“吐口水”Yellow Dragon Spits Green
Yellow Dragon Dreed(Exuding Green/Displaying)Green
典故、诗词、俗语、楹联的翻译
诗词的翻译
“烟水苍茫月色迷,渔舟晚泊栈桥西。乘凉每至黄昏后,人依栏杆水拍堤。”这是古人
赞美青岛海滨的诗句。青岛是一座风光秀丽的海滨城市,夏无酷暑,冬无严寒。西起胶洲湾入海处的团岛,东至崂山风景区的下清宫,绵延80 多里的海滨组成了一幅绚烂多彩的长轴画卷。
Qingdao is a beautiful coastal city.It is cool in summer and warm in winter.The
40-km-long scenic line begins from Tuandao Island at the west end to Xiaqinggong of Mount Lao at the east end. 游客乘着竹筏游览九曲溪,仿佛置身于画卷之中,如古诗所云:“武夷风景堪称奇,胜
似人间仙境。”
Tourists can ride a bamboo raft to enjoy the picturesque landscape along the Nine-bend
Stream, as reflected in the ancient lines that the landscape of the Wuyi Mountains is as
marvelous as a fairyland.Case Study
白帝城是一座颇享声誉的“诗城”。我国历代许多著名的诗人都曾来此观景咏诗。“诗仙”
李白的《早发白帝城》,已成为不朽的佳作。„„“诗圣”杜甫在此两年,写下了437首诗,占现存杜诗的三分之一。„„刘禹锡在夔州民歌的基础上,首创了充满生活气息和三峡特色的《竹诗词》。1963年春天,毛泽东乘“江峡”轮视察长江三峡时,船航行至白帝城下,触景生情,兴致勃勃地咏诵:
“朝辞白帝彩云间,千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山 ”
Historically, White King Town has been renowned as the “town of poetry.” Many noted
Chinese poets of past dynasties came here to enjoy the scenes and compose poems.During the Tang dynasty, one by Poet-immortal Li Bai, entitled “I left White King Town in the colored dawn”, has become known as an immortal masterpiece„.Poet-sage Du Fu wrote 437 poems during his two-year stay here, which make up one third of his existing poems„.Another poet Liu Yuxi, on the basis of Kuizhou folk songs, developed a new type of Tang poem called the “Bamboo-Branch Song”, which is typical of local life and Three Gorges. In 1963, the late Chinese Chairman Mao Zedong made an inspection tour of the Three
Gorges on SS Jiangxia(River Gorge).When the ship reached White King Town, he was impreed so much by the sight as to recite Li’s poem in high spirits:
“I left White King Town in the colored dawn,And came down 1000 li in a day to Jiangling Town.Monkey’s screams still echoing acro the banks,My boat had already paed 10,000 mountains.”
Case Study
晚唐诗人杜荀鹤有诗《送人游吴》:“君到姑苏见,人家尽枕河。古宫闲地少,水港小桥
多。” 这首诗可谓脍炙人口,它描述的是古时苏州一带的水乡形态。
The Chinese poet Du Xunhe in the late Tang Dynasty(618-907)once wrote:
“When Suzhou comes into sight,Houses’re all pillowed on the waterside.The old capital with few vacant fields
Is cricroed by jetties and bridges.”
This is a poetic description of old Suzhou, a time-honored water town in Jiangsu province. 俗语的翻译
In America, “rolling stones gather no mo”, in China, they gather no inscriptions.But
Sunlight Rock, like any Chinese rock that sits still long enough, is covered with calligraphic inscriptions—over 80, in fact, the most famous being “Heroic Spirit of South Fujian Sea,” a eulogy to Kongxiga. 美国人说“滚石不聚苔”,但在中国确是滚石不聚墨。正如中国许多林立的峭石,日光
岩上刻有80多处碑文。其中最有名的是郑成功的颂文 “闽海雄风”。
Paris: The Seine, the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre.An old saying says: All around Paris there is
France, meaning that what matters in France is in Paris: the power, the beauty, the elegance. 巴黎汇聚了迷人的塞纳河,雄伟的艾菲尔铁塔和精致的卢浮宫。有一句古老的谚语说道
“法兰西风情尽在巴黎”,意指代表法国的元素—力量、美丽和优雅—尽在巴黎体现。 桂林山水甲天下。East or west, Gulin landscape is best. 上有天堂,下有苏杭。Above is paradise, below is/are Suzhou and Hangzhou. 早采三天是个宝,迟采三天路边草。(龙井茶)
Picked three days earlier, it’s a pricele aet;picked three days late, it’s a
worthle/roadside gra.Practice
中国有句俗话“赶得早不如赶得巧”,赶上地坛庙会那就是巧。这里蕴含着浓郁的京味
文化,叫北京人与外地人都喜爱。
A Chinese saying goes, “Timing is everything” and this applies to Ditan Temple Fair(a
temple fair held in the Park of Earth Temple), at which you will find everything concerned with culture of Beijing.Both insiders and outsiders of Beijing enjoy it. 楹联的翻译
大肚能容容天下难容之事,开口便笑笑天下可笑之人开。
His belly is big enough to contain all intolerable things in the world;his mouth is always
ready to laugh at all snobbish persons under heaven. 楼观沧海日;门对钱江潮。(韬光寺的观海亭亭柱)
The high pavilion commands the rising sun over the sea;
The temple door opens to the tidal waves at Qiantang. One can watch the sun rising over the sea from the high pavilion;
One can face Qiantang tidal waves surging at the temple door. 四面荷花三面柳;一城山色半城湖。(大明湖)
The lake is hemmed in by four-sided lotuses and three-sided willows;
The city is featured by mountains and half inlaid with a bright lake. 楼高但任鸟飞过;池小能将月送来.(豫园得月楼)
The tower, though high, can only let the bird fly past;
The small pond, though small, can get the moon over here.
2010年刘煌庄诗词楹联培训学校教学工作计划为促进社会主义经济建设、文化建设和精神文明建设,弘扬中华传统的诗、联文化,提高村民的文化素质,制定本年度教学工作计划:一、培养学......
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