法律英语ppt讲稿,美国法庭的布局_英语演讲美国介绍

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Layout of the Courtroom in United States The layout of courtrooms in the United States is mutually analogical, though there are two different systems of courts, and each might has its own kinds of courts, such as District Courts, Courts of Appeals and the Supreme Court, even the Special Courts.First let we see the seat of the Justice.The justice generally sits behind a raised desk, known as the bench.Benches in U.S.federal courtrooms and some state courtrooms are usually bullet-resistant to protect justices and judges from courtroom shootouts.Behind the judge are the great seal of the jurisdiction and the flags of the appropriate federal and state governments.Adjacent to the bench are the witne stand and the desks where the court clerk and the court reporter sit.Though a courtroom is the actual enclosed space in which a judge regularly holds court, always the judge act a negative role of neutrality to keep being justicial.Then we will see the positions of the plaintiff, the defendant and other general public.The courtroom is divided into two parts by a barrier known as the bar.The bar may be an actual railing, or an imaginary barrier.On one side, besides the judge’s bench, there are the tables for the plaintiff, the defendant, and their respective counsel, and a separate group of seats known as the jury box where the jury sits.The plaintiff and the defendant are put in the position of face to face to form the equal confrontation.There is usually a podium or lectern between the two tables where the lawyers may stand when they argue their case before the judge.None can traverse the open space between the bench and the counsel tables without permiion.(If documents need to be given to or taken from the judge, attorneys are normally expected to approach the court clerk or bailiff, who acts as an intermediary.During trials, attorneys will ask the court's permiion to traverse the well or “approach the bench” for “sidebar” conferences with the judge.)The other side of the bar is open to the general public and there are usually seats for curious spectators.This area is the gallery.Seating for the gallery can either be pew style benches or theater seats.(In certain urban criminal courtrooms, the gallery is separated from the rest of the room by a partition of bulletproof gla to prevent injury to spectators(and vice versa), or to control them from charging acro the bar in tension-filled cases.)All of the above applies only to trial courts.Appellate courts and courts of appeals in the United States are not finders of fact, so they do not use juries or receive evidence into the record.Therefore, in an appellate court, there is neither a witne stand nor a jury box, and the bench is much larger to accommodate multiple judges or justices.g357 制作共享 Layout of the Courtroom in United States The layout of courtrooms in the United States is mutually analogical, though there are two different systems of courts, and each might has its own kinds of courts, such as District Courts, Courts of Appeals and the Supreme Court, even the Special Courts.First let we see the seat of the Justice.The justice generally sits behind a raised desk, known as the bench.Benches in U.S.federal courtrooms and some state courtrooms are usually bullet-resistant to protect justices and judges from courtroom shootouts.Behind the judge are the great seal of the jurisdiction司法权 and the flags of the appropriate federal and state governments.Adjacent邻近 to the bench are the witne stand and the desks where the court clerk and the court reporter sit.Though a courtroom is the actual enclosed space in which a judge regularly holds court, always the judge act a negative role of neutrality to keep being justicial.Then we will see the positions of the plaintiff原告, the defendant被告 and other general public.The courtroom is divided into two parts by a barrier known as the bar.The bar may be an actual railing栏杆, or an imaginary barrier.On one side, besides the judge’s bench, there are the tables for the plaintiff, the defendant, and their respective counsel, and a separate group of seats known as the jury box where the jury sits.The plaintiff and the defendant are put in the position of face to face to form the equal confrontation.There is usually a podium讲台 or lectern小台 between the two tables where the lawyers may stand when they argue their case before the judge.None can traverse the open space(called the well)between the bench and the counsel tables without permiion.(If documents need to be given to or taken from the judge, attorneys are normally expected to approach the court clerk or bailiff法警, who acts as an intermediary调解人.During trials, attorneys will ask the court's permiion to traverse the well or “approach the bench” for “sidebar” conferences with the judge.)The other side of the bar is open to the general public and there are usually seats for curious spectators.This area is the gallery旁听席.Seating for the gallery can either be pew style教堂式 benches or theater seats.(In certain urban criminal courtrooms, the gallery is separated from the rest of the room by a partition of bulletproof gla to prevent injury to spectators(and vice versa), or to control them from charging acro the bar in tension-filled极紧张 cases.)All of the above applies only to trial courts.Appellate courts and courts of appeals in the United States are not finders of fact, so they do not use juries or receive evidence into the record.Therefore, in an appellate court, there is neither a witne stand nor a jury box, and the bench is much larger to accommodate multiple judges or justices.g357 制作共享