英语五大时态归纳_英语五大时态

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一般现在时

一般现在时基本用法介绍

【No.1】一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

2.如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。3.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

4.如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:

I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:

We study English.我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。

如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

一般现在时的变化

1.be动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。

如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。

如:-Are you a student?

-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。

否定句:主语+ don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:

I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:

He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:

married。

④ 以重读闭音节(或r音节)结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。如: stop –stopped, prefer –preferred。

当然,刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成,我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如:am – was, are – were, put – put, see – saw, eat – ate等,这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记哟!

一般过去时态小练习: Ⅰ请写出下列动词的过去式。

is _

see _

are _

eat Ⅱ 指出下列句中的一处错误,并改正。

1.We go to school early yesterday._____________________ 2.She buys a dre last week.________________________ 3.Did you liked playing football ? ________________________ 4.---Did you have a good trip ?---No, I did.______________________ 5.I enjoied Chinese very much.__________________ Ⅲ 翻译下列句子,每空一词。

1.你昨晚去哪了? Where ______ you _______ last night? 2.我们昨天没有在学校。We __________ at school yesterday.3.我两小时前在家里。I was at home ______ _______ _______.4.你上周六去了动物园吗? _______ you ________ to the zoo last Saturday? 5.我去年不喜欢学数学。I _________ like learning math last year.一般将来时

自述 :大家好!我是你们的老朋友了,还记得我是谁吗?看仔细了,我是一般将来时态啊!在英语中,我表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow morning, next year, the day after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。那么,你还记得我的构成形式吗?

1.助动词will+动词原形 在句法中,will在名词或代词的后面常缩写为’ll, will not 常缩写为won’t。在疑问句中,主语为第一人称I 或We时,常用助动词shall, shall not 缩写为shan’t。如: She will be back here tomorrow afternoon.她明天下午将要回到这儿来。

Shall we get to the zoo early tomorrow morning? 我们得明天早上早点到达动物园吗?

2.be going to +动词原形 该句式往往表示计划、打算、决定要做的事或将要发生的事。其中be有人称和数的变化,即am, is , are。如:

I am going to watch a movie.我打算今晚看电影。

She is going to see her grandpa tomorrow.她打算明天去看望她的爷爷。

We are not going to meet outside the school gate.我们不打算在校门口见面。

3.其他

① 表示移动性的瞬间动词用于进行时,表将来。

在英语中,类似come等等动词被称为移动性动词,其进行时态可以表将来,类似的动词还有go, leave, start, begin等。如: The train is coming.火车就要来了。

The bus is arriving at 9:00.公交车将于早上9点到达。

② 在时间或条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时或祈使句,或是含有情态动词,则从句用一般现在时来表示将来。如:

You can’t go home if you don’t finish your homework.如果你完不成作业,你不能回家。

When I am older, I think I will be a scientist.当我长大了,我认为我会成为一个科学家。

一般将来时训练营

I 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.She ________ flowers in my garden tomorrow morning.(water)

2.I will stay at home if it _________ tomorrow.(rain)

3.What are you ________ to do tomorrow?(go)

4.The radio says it ________ rainy tomorrow.(be)

5.She says she _________ me a beautiful dre tomorrow morning.(buy)

II 句型转换。

6.Li Ming will play with a toy car.(转换为一般疑问句)

_____Li Ming _____ with a toy car?

7.They’ll go for a walk after supper.(转换为否定句)

They _____ _____ for a walk after supper.8.Will the flowers come out next week?(作否定回答)

_____, _____ _____.9.I will have an English exam tomorrow.(转换为同义句)

I _____ _____ _____ have an English exam tomorrow.10.The boys have a basketball l match on Saturday.(用next Saturday y来改写)

The boys _____ _____ _____ _____ a basketball match next Saturday.现在完成时用法解析

1.构成

现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。

2.用法

(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:

-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如:He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。

如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次?

(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:

arrive→be here begin(start)→be on

die →be dead come back→be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be up go out →be out

finish →be over put on →wear 或be on

open →be open join →be in或 be a member of„

close →be closed go to school→be a student

borrow →keep buy →have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→study come to work→work等

如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较:

I have lost my new book.我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到)

I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明)5.几点注意事项

(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿

练习题:。

1.“_________ you __________(have)lunch ?” “Yes.” “When ________ you __________(have)it?”“I ____________(have)it at 12:00.”

2.“_________ you __________(write)a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I ___________.I ________________(write)one last week.” 3.“_________ he ___________(finish)his homework?” “Not yet.” 4.“_________ they ever __________(be)abroad?” “Yes, just once.”

5.Your father _________ just ___________(finish)his work.6.Your father _________(finish)his work just now.7.Last term I __________(learn)many English words.8.They ____________(not read)the interesting books yet.9.He _____________ never ____________(go)to the science museum.10.____________ you ever ____________(drink)coke? 11.“____________ you _____________(buy)a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________.”

“Where __________ you _____________(buy)it?” “ I ___________(buy)it in a bookstore.”

“When ___________ you _____________(buy)it?” “ Yesterday.”

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?(改成反意疑问句)

2、They have been here since 2000.(对划线部分提问)

have they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year.He for a year.(die)词填空)

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Mi Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)

Mi Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years.(同义句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________.(动

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.(同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here.It arrived ten minutes ago.(并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

把两个句子合

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