好照片50招_全球照片排名前50位

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1.适当过曝。拍摄负片的时候，就是普通胶卷，遵循宁过勿欠的原则。可以稍稍过度曝光1档甚至更多。这样阴影和色彩都会表现出色。高光部分也不会损失太多的细节。而数码相机，考虑到后期处理的时候，应该尽量保存更多的信息，应该遵循曝光略欠的原则，有的相机能够显示直方图，一目了然。过度曝光的话，高光的细节是没有办法弥补的。Too much is enough, baby Best way to expose color negative film in wrong light, low light, or mixed light: Give it one stop(or more)than the meter reading.Shadows and color will be better, highlights will still be under control.2.胶片分为灯光片和日光片。顾名思义，灯光片用于在灯光下拍摄，日光片用于日光下拍摄。里面提到的滤色镜，主要是用于不匹配光源条件下，比如在室外用灯光片拍摄。这种情况，咱们恐怕很少碰上，所以，从略。Conversion experience Get a basic color conversion set: Buy 85B and 80A filters for your most used lens(es).They let you shoot tungsten film outdoors and vice versa, and are also strong warming/cooling filters for any shooting.Shoot a lot under fluorescents? Consider an FL-D filter, too.3.如果要去的地方以日落或者日出著名，而你偏偏只能是大中午去，那就带上日落或者日出滤镜吧。要效果更明显些？那就用高坚的红色或者蓝色 Variocolor滤镜。本猪不喜欢滤色镜，除了UV和偏振镜。Bring your own light show Use a sunrise or sunset filter: Screw it on when you arrive at midday at any location famous for sunrises or sunsets.Want to push it further? Use a red/blue Cokin Variocolor filter.4.带块灰板：相机的测光系统认为，物体都是反射率为18％的灰色。其测光就是按这个进行的。所以，拍雪景的时候，如果不加曝光补偿，就会拍出来发灰。带着灰板，就能准确测光。Be a card-carrying member Take a photo gray card along: It’s much better for setting digital “white” balance, for accurate spotmeter exposures with slide film, for a photofinishing reference point for color-print film, etc.5.弄个额外的取景器，拍全景用。如今全景都是PS出来的，我看这个也该退出历史舞台了。Finder yourself Get an auxiliary finder for panning shots: Scrounge for an auxiliary finder and mount it in your SLR’s flash-shoe(insulate first with tape!)for panning shots.This gives you an uninterrupted view, without mirror blackout, and lets you pan much more smoothly.Get a finder about the same angle of view of the taking lens, or a little longer.6.带上一小瓶伏特加：不是用来喝的！可以用来擦镜头和取景器。但不要用来擦LCD啊！越便宜的越好，那二锅头是不是也一样？没用过，不知道。Try mine, comrade Carry a small bottle of vodka: No, not to steady your nerves, but because it’s a great solvent for cleaning up smudged lenses and finders(but don’t use on color LCD monitors).The cheaper the better—cheap vodka is more highly filtered.7.合法的“奴隶”：奴隶，中文应该叫闪光同步器。就是说，你的相机上的闪光灯－－无论内置外置－－闪光的时候，装着同步器的闪光灯就能自动触发（当然前提是要在一定范围内）。用旧的闪光灯，也不用太好，配上这个东东。很有用。同步器也很便宜的。拍摄的时候，把这个奴隶闪光灯放在主体的背后，可以给主体打出背光，拍女孩子特管用，头发丝金光锃亮。如果放在主体背后，但冲着墙闪光的话，能消除背景墙上的黑影。傻瓜相机也管用哦！Legal slavery Carry a cheap, old flash unit fitted with a slave trigger.Position it behind your subject’s head for rim light and against a back wall to eliminate shadows.It works fine with point-and-shoots, and it doesn’t even have to be automatic.8.看见什么好的背景，就用小数码相机拍下来。分辨率不用搞太高。最好加上配音，记住是什么地方。等光线好的时候，带上大家伙去拍正式的作品。Background check Scout locations: Use a digital P/S at low-res to take grab shots of interesting backgrounds and locales(add a voice clip to remember where they are).When light is good, go back to take real pictures.Also use for a portrait setup and such.9.要是你的朋友坚持带着眼镜照相，你又克服不了反光的问题，那解决的办法是……把镜片拆下来！我倒！我还以为有什么新招数呢！Stash the gla If you simply can’t keep your subject’s glaes from reflecting(and he or she really wants to keep them on): Remove the lenses.Best way is to loosen the temple-piece screws with the appropriate small screwdriver.10.随身携带，有备无患：带个迷你三角架，可以自拍什么的。反正我没这个习惯，你愿意带就带吧。Be a pod person Always carry a minipod: Take one around in your pocket.The idea is not height, but ready steadine and the ability to adjust camera position； also great for those self-timer shots of yourself on vacation.One of our favorites is the Ultrapod II by Pedco($20 street).11.拍集体照的时候，让肤色稍黑的同志站在前面，闪光灯一打，比增白的化妆品好多了。让白点儿的同志们就靠后站一点。这不光是为了让人物看起来好看，更重要的是，有助于曝光正确。（俺和热乎乎上电视的时候，摄影师说，你们两个的肤色差一档，晕死！）Skins game Put darker-complexioned people in the front of a group shot with flash, and lighter people in the back: Flash falls off over distance, so you want darker people closer.It will make for better overall exposure and easier printing.12.往下瞅瞅：相机如果有旋转LCD，那很实用。镜头向下，LCD反转过来。像机紧贴肚皮，这样很稳当哦！Cast eyes downward Use swivel LCDs like reflex finders: Swivel it up, and brace the camera against your belly.It’s steady!

13.用好数码相机的白平衡：要让景色看起来比较冷么？把白平衡调到钨丝灯模式。要让景色看起来暖一点，就用手动白平衡，只要冲着蓝色的东西设定就好了。Sneaky tweak Use digital white balance for color conversion: Want a winter/rainy scene to look deliberately colder? Set the white balance for tungsten.Use the custom white balance aimed at something blue to get a “warming filter.”

14.有了相机，就别让它闲着，尤其是数码相机，贬值贬得那么厉害。兜里随时都装这个相机。还要保证弹药充足。（高感光度胶卷和大容量的存储卡）Just do it Own a camera that gives you no excuse to leave it home: Put a film or digital point-and-shoot in your pocket.Keep it loaded with fast film, or a high-capacity card.15.多多抓拍。在长枪短炮排成行的场合，比如婚礼、生日派对之类的，拍完集体照，大声说谢谢，人们接着聊天的时候，也要继续拍照。Off the record Always take another shot after the “shooting gallery” picture: Get the lineup shot at the wedding or birthday party or whatever occasion.Now say “thank you!” loudly—and resume shooting when people re-engage in conversation.16.时刻准备着。许多傻瓜相机都有待机模式，可以快速启动，免得让你错过每个精彩瞬间。至少把相机设定在自动档上（P档），就算你要手动，也可以等会再调。总比设定在手动上，结果有好的景色来不及调整要好吧？设到P档上，至少保证你抓起来就能拍。对单反相机，设好超焦距的距离，适当的用广角镜头（能收纳进尽可能多的景物，可以后期再裁剪）。Semper snappatus Keep the camera “snap ready”: Many P/S’s, film and digital, have a snap mode for fast shooting.At the very least, keep the setting on program auto—you can always adjust later.With SLRs, set hyperfocal distance, use moderate wide angle, release-priority AF, etc.17.保持相机水平，要带一个那种有气泡的标尺。不至于吧，不够累的。On the level Carry a shoe-mount bubble level: Even with viewfinder grid lines, it can be tricky keeping the camera absolutely square to the scene.The bubble level helps keep horizons straight, and reduces keystoning in buildings.18.有关超焦距的问题。涉及到景深刻度，如今的相机似乎很少有这个的。佳能的有景深预览功能，所以也用不着。Get hyper about focusing Use hyperfocal focusing: If your lens has a depth-of-field scale, simply set the infinity mark to the scale line of the aperture you’re using.Use it for deep scenic space, quick people snaps, and such.No depth-of-field scale? Prefocus about one-third of the way to the farthest ｏｂｊｅｃｔ you want to keep in pretty good focus.19.有关微距摄影用的“对焦轨”？不知道什么东西。用的机会也不多。算了。Ride a rail Get a focusing rail: These relatively inexpensive gizmos are great for really tight macro focusing, regardle of whether you’re using auxiliary close-up lenses, extension tubes, or a dedicated macro lens.20.消红眼，如今大部分相机都有消红眼功能，所以这个也没什么用了。Tape out redeye Use invisible tape to avoid redeye: Foggy tape, layered two or three times over the flashtube area(not the entire flash lens), can reduce redeye in some instances, and won’t create a problem with TTL flash exposure.21.拍照时候的姿势：两脚分开，稳稳当当的站好。双手握紧相机，一般左手应该托镜头。肘关节紧贴身体。按快门，注意，不是像按打火机那样按！按快门的时候屏住呼吸或者保持平稳呼吸。Stiff body language Be your own tripod: Stand with your feet apart for best steadine.Hold the camera with both hands, preferably with your left hand under the camera.Keep your elbows tucked as much as poible into your torso.Squeeze the shutter release, don’t stab at it.Hold your breath or breathe slowly when firing.22.让人物收下巴，这样看起来眼睛就大了。或者相机稍微向前倾，这样也能减少眼镜的反光。Chinning exercise For better portraits, lower the subject’s chin to make the eyes look larger.Or tilt the camera forward slightly.This also cuts reflections on eyeglaes.23.在镜子前面用闪光灯拍人的群像？莫名其妙，我拍这个干啥，浪费我的时间。不翻译了。Mirror, mirror in the shot: If you are absolutely, positively, stuck making a flash shot of a group standing in front of a mirror: 1)shoot at an angle to the mirror； 2)scrunch down low so that their bodies and heads block the flash reflection； 3)move them closer together to avoid reflective gaps.24.这条可操作性不大，算了吧。Reference set Make reference slides: Shoot a sequence of a gray or dull-colored wall(or a gray card)with your favorite slide film, ±2 stops in half stops.Put them in a slide sleeve and keep them in your bag/pocket.Spotmeter an important area of the scene you’re shooting, then pick the slide with the tone you want to match.Use that exact exposure compensation.25.在户外，不要用最大的两档光圈拍天空。也不要用最小的两三档光圈拍背打光的主体，防止出现鬼影子。ap lens gremlins For outdoor shots, never shoot a big sky at the first two maximum apertures(to avoid light falloff)or the smallest two or three apertures in backlight(to avoid ghost images).26.可以带着块黑的厚卡纸，折起来放包里，用来遮挡杂光。镜头盖也有这个功效。The unreflector Block unwanted light: Get a folding gobo(a black reflector)and use it to shield your lens from stray light, to cut down glare from reflective surfaces, or to keep the sun out of your subject’s eyes.Alternative: Carry a big piece of heavy black paper, folded, in your camera bag.27.发现平凡中的伟大。不知道该拍什么好了？斯蒂格里茨拍了多云的天空，美其名曰“等同”。（唉，人成了名怎么都行。这也叫作品。你要是去拍拍试试，别人肯定说，你有病吧？）给一棵树拍上36张照片。检修孔的盖、手、脚、胡子、字母表，都能拍上一个系列。还有比如钢琴的里面啊什么的。再就是给厨具拍静物写生。完了寄给厂家，备不住能被选中当广告呢。Discover the ordinary Run out of ideas on what to shoot? Stieglitz shot cloudy skies, which he called “equivalents.” Shoot 36 different pictures of the same tree.Make a collection of interesting manhole covers, hands, feet, mustaches, alphabet letters.Shoot the insides of a piano.Use your kitchen tools for a still life.28.三角架太轻了？那就加上自己的分量。用左手紧紧抓住三角架的领子（三脚架的领子？它穿衣服么？我猜应该是云台下三条腿结合的地方吧。）或者是中柱，往下使劲儿，右手操控相机。Post fact-o Tripod too flimsy to be useful? Employ your own weight: Grasp the tripod collar or centerpost firmly in your left fist and pre downward while operating the camera with your right hand.29.近点，再近点！把相机打到手动对焦，用微距功能拍摄能清楚聚焦的最近的东东，拍完你们家就去拍邻居家。在战场上有句话送给摄影记者：如果你拍得不够好，那是你离得不够近。Holy macro!Force yourself to shoot close: Put your camera on manual focus, set the focusing at its closest distance, make close-ups of items in your house or around your neighborhood without changing focusing distance.30.认真阅读说明书！对，就是这样，老生常谈吧？坐好，一手拿相机，一手拿说明书。那我怎么翻页呢？和和。就像咱们的索索一样，多少人没看过说明书就上来问小儿科问题？？恩？BTW，我的相机的说明书哪去了？Manual labor Read the fact-filled manual: Yeah, yeah, yeah, the same old boring advice, but once you get the basics of your camera, sit down and read the manual with the camera in your hands.You’ll be amazed what you learn.Put tabs on the pages with features important to you

31.扛起相机，精神饱满的投入战斗！别害羞，尽可能用广角镜头，凑近那些等红灯的人，去拍他们的特写！我靠，你们试过没有？谁试一下告诉我后果啊！Street beat Don’t be timid with street photography: Wade into the fray and get up close and personal.Try putting the widest-angle lens you have on a camera and shooting close-up pictures as people are waiting for a traffic light to change.32.太初级了，什么别忘了开镜头盖啊之类的，小儿科。Observe yourself Practice holding your camera while looking in a mirror: This is particularly important for teeny point-and-shoots.Make sure you can aim the camera quickly without blocking the flash, covering the lens, shading the viewfinder.33.保持三角架稳定。这个检测方法搞得太复杂，从略吧。Dot’s the trick Check the steadine of your camera on your tripod: Attach a laser light to the camera(use gaffer tape), pointing at a wall.Photograph the laser dot at various shutter speeds.If you don’t get a round dot in your images, you’re going to get blurry pictures.34.这个没啥意思，也从略。Face backward Shoot your friends from the back: Try it with them looking forward, and to the side.Use different focal lengths and try various lighting directions.35.拍人像的时候，从全身像开始，走进点儿，再拍一张，再走近点，再来一张。直到你拍到他/她的鼻孔为止！……有点恶心……反正数码相机拍照片不用花钱，哈哈。Track ’em down Distance sequence a portrait: Start at full figure, then approach closer and closer, shooting one or two pictures every few feet until you are crawling up inside a nostril.36.拍群像的时候，别让他们都跟人大代表似的挤在一块。有的坐着，有的半躺在地板上，懒懒的靠在睡椅上，效果都不错。Regroup the group When shooting a group portrait of your friends or family: Don’t group them all together!Have some sit, lie on the floor, lounge on the couch...37.试试黑白效果：有派对啊短途旅行什么的PP，用黑白效果看看。这样，红眼、皮肤苍白之类的缺憾就都看不出来了。你的朋友们会喜欢你的。Monochromania Print casual snapshots(parties, short trips, etc.)in b&w: It’s much more forgiving of redeye, pasty skin, and other imperfections.Your friends will love you.38.横拍拍，竖拍拍：拍完横幅构图的，再马上来张竖幅的。反之也一样。经常是第二张比前一张好很多啊。当然了，也可能两张都8错！Orientate orientation Take a vertical photo: Snap one immediately after taking a horizontal.And vice versa.You’ll be surprised how often the second one turns out better.You can get two good shots, too.39.避免用直接闪光。可能的话，尽量不要用直接闪光，拍出来的PP平平的，木啥意思。把闪光灯朝向天花板（横拍的时候），或者是侧墙（竖排的时候）。让闪光灯的光打到墙上再反射到人物或者物体上。这样就自然多了。当然，这说的不是内置式的闪光灯。和和。Reach for the ceiling Use bounce flash when poible: It makes for more natural lighting in indoor flash pictures.For verticals, try side wall bounce—it usually works quite well.40.这一条建议买什么渐进焦距镜头，NND，知道我们是发展中国家不，算了吧，等我们度过社会主义初级阶段再说。国内少见，还是不翻译了吧。Spec out your specs Get better glaes: Progreive lenses, such as Varilux, work like bifocals except they offer continuous correction from very close to far distance.You can make all camera adjustments, see LCD screens, and frame and shoot without juggling glaes on and off or extending your arms back and forth.Expensive, but worth it.41.看过别人拍的夜景的道路，车水马龙，上面无数光柱交错的PP吧，靠，这鬼子，把这景象叫做“车头灯的意大利面”！什么跟什么啊。找个繁忙的路口，比如建国门啊复兴门啊什么的，注意啊，别影响交通，要不然你就有机会拍警察叔叔的照片了。在黄昏之前，把三角架竖起来。注意，别去中南海附近，要不……设定相机模式为光圈优先（佳能系列的Av模式，尼康系列的A模式），把光圈调到f/22，就是最小的光圈挡。（有的相机没那么小，反正最小就对了，这里说的是单反的）然后你就拍吧，不用动，拍完一张再来一张。直到天黑了为止。Crowalk fandango Shoot spaghetti headlight trails: Find a busy intersection, set up your tripod just before dusk, set the camera to aperture priority and f/22.Without moving your tripod or changing camera angle or settings, shoot a series of pictures until it’s totally dark.42.室内人像，试试慢速同步闪光：慢速同步闪光又叫夜景模式闪光。一般相机上都有啦。有的是用夜景的图标来表示的。就是闪光灯会刷刷刷刷的闪好多下。闪光的同时，快门也会一直保持开启状态，这样呢，背景上的细节就能都清楚地尽收相机里辣！不像自动闪光，就是平平的白板一块。但是注意，因为快门速度比较慢，一定要拿稳相机啊。可以考虑放到女朋友（或男朋友）的头顶、肩膀，当然，有三角架就更好了。That syncing feeling “Drag” the shutter in indoor flash portraits: It’s called slow-sync flash, or night flash, and it leaves the shutter open longer to capture more of the background detail than plain autoflash.But hold the camera steady!43.拍人群像的时候，让胖子站中间，瘦子站两边。这样出来的效果就是胖子减肥了，瘦子增重了。Weight watch Pose according to girth: Put heavier people centrally(where they will look thinner)and thinner people along the edge(where the lens fattens people).44.用广角镜头近距离拍摄：这是广角镜头最有效的用法。要突出前景的主体，水平构图的时候，就把它放在边上；垂直构图的时候，就放在底下。然后走近一点，别把背景上乱七八糟的东西拍进画面。Narrow your wide-angle The most effective use of a wide-angle lens: Emphasizing a foreground feature.Place it to the side of the frame(in horizontals)or to the bottom(in verticals)and move in close to crop out other clutter.45.花5分钟，用用PS这样的软件：别的功能复杂就不要学了，用一下自动色阶，自动对比度之类的就好了。（自动功能啊，不应该不会吧？！这也不会？靠！那没办法，上网上搜搜看吧）把背景上所有没用的垃圾统统裁剪掉！！Quick pix fix Use 5-minute Photoshop(or another image-editing program: Try auto levels/contrast to add snap and lighten a little, add small catchlights(especially in pet photos), and crop out as much junk in the background as you can.46.给宠物拍照：要把猫猫狗狗拍得魅力四射，简单的办法是，尽可能光线充足、用感光度比较高（ISO大一点，当然颗粒也会变粗，这是木办法的，不过目前的商用胶卷，200、400都没问题）的胶卷。让猫猫狗狗的脸充满整个画幅，虚化背景，光线的调子无论在室内还是室外，都应该暖一点，柔和一点。Beauty in the beasts For easy, charming pet shots: Use available light, fast film, or high ISO capture.Fill the frame with their faces and throw the background out of focus, in warm indoor or soft outdoor light.47.出片的时候可以尝试不同的效果：比如咱们一般照片没有边框，试试加个白边？一般用光面纸，咱试试绒面的？甚至有纹理的表面、棕褐色调的（就是老照片的效果）凡此种种，小小变化，大有不同！A different glo Try different print options: white border instead of borderle, matte instead of gloy, textured surfaces, sepia, and such.It’s a subtle but effective way to change the look of a picture.48.多学多看：读读书，看展览，上网搜。熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也会诌！（原文是，没听过音乐，肯定不会作曲）多看看猪跑，就会吃猪肉了（什么乱七八糟的，人家说的是，不看好的PP，就别想拍出好的PP！）。Sight reading Look at great photography: Open a book, go to a show, browse online galleries.No one ever learned to compose music without listening to music.No one makes good photos without seeing good photography.49.用闪光灯拍摄舞蹈场面，有趣极了：把相机的闪光模式打到“慢速同步”（前面说过这个名词啦）。从屁屁的角度或者是从高过头顶的角度拍摄，包你拍出极其狂野的PP。Flash dance Great fun while dancing: Hold a small point-and-shoot, set to slow-sync flash, and shoot from the hip or reaching overhead on the dance floor.Wild pictures guaranteed.50.In the zone For fast shooting in low light: Use the camera’s manual-focus mode and scale or zone focus.Practice estimating distances.Hint: Use floor tiles as a guide—most are exactly one foot square.低照度情况下的抓拍：使用相机手动对焦模式，标尺（单反相机镜头上有这样的刻度，1m，2m，3m……直到无穷远，你需要自己估计被摄主体的距离，然后把镜头转到相应的刻度上就完成对焦了。不用单反的同学，就不用管了）和/或宽区对焦模式。要准确对焦，就多练习练习对距离的估计。（北京的加菲猫同学是个行家，手动对焦很是精确，不信看他在花旗国拍的PP）窍门是：用地砖的尺寸作参考，大部分是一英尺见方的。（这是鬼子国的尺寸，咱们没有标准，啥尺寸都有，别生搬硬套的。）