电气工程及其自动化专业英语_电气自动化专业英语

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Automatic Control system

自动控制系统

When a specific systemis proposed for a given application,it must

satisfy certain requirements.This may involve the system response or optimization of the system in a specified way.These requirements that a control system must meet are generally called performance specifications.当一个精细的系统被推引入一个给定的应用程序的时候，它必须满足这个特定的要求。这个可能包括系统响应或者系统精细方法的最佳组合。一般把这些一个系统必须处理的要求叫做性能指标。

The performance that of a control system can be considered in three parts.The first part pertains to the specification as they directly relate to system response.The second has to do with a

performance index that is a functionof the erroror output.The last part is concerned with system error caused by parameter variations.一个控制系统的性能可以从三个部分来考虑。第一个部分涉及到的规格直接和系统响应有关。第二个部分和误差与输出功能的性能指标有关。第三个部分与参数变化引起的系统误差相联系。

Control system specifications can directly related to system response as shown in the Fig 8.1.This type of information is germane to second-order systems of higher-order systems which have a pair of characteristic zeroes that are complex and dominate the transient behavior.For example ,a system with characteristic zeroes at-5,-10+j2and-0.5+j2 is a fifth-order system but the dominant zeroes are-0.5+j2.The commonly used terms to describe system specification are peak

overshoot ,rise time ,delay time ,setting time ,bandwidth ,damping ratio and undamped natural frequency.如图8.1所示控制系统的规格可直接的与系统响应有关。这类信息和二阶系统和高阶系统有关，此类系统的特征方程具有一对复数零点，对系统瞬态响应起主要作用。例如，一个有以-5，-10+j2,和-0.5+j2作为特征根的系统是五阶系统，但是这个系统的正解是-0.5+j2.通常用来描述系统规格的方法是尖峰超越量，上升时间，延迟时间，稳定时间，带宽，阻尼比率，无阻尼自然频率。

Peak Overshoot

尖峰超越量

This is measured when the response has maximum value.It is an indication of the largest error between input and output during the transient state.For the system considered we observed that the peak overshoot increased as the damping ratio decreased.The concept of peak overshoot is not limited to only second-order systems.It is often used for higher-order systems that have a

dominant pair of complex poles.These poles are those located nearest the imaginary axis.In most well-designed systems ,peak overshoots are lower than 30%.这个是在响应有最大值的时候测量得到的。这是系统在不稳定部分内输入和输出之间最大的误差的象征。对于这个系统我们观察到尖峰超越量在无阻尼比率下降的时候上升。尖峰超越量的概念不仅限制于二阶系统。它还经常用在有一对显性的复数极点的高阶系统。这些极点就是那些位于离虚周最近的极点。在多数精心设计的系统里，尖峰超越量低于30%。Rise Time

上升时间

The rise time is a measure of the speed of response.It is defined as the time neceary for the response to rise from 10%to 90%of its final steady state error.Sometimes an equivalent measure is to represent the rise time as the reciprocal of the slope of the response at the instant the response is 50%of its final steady state value.For second-order underdamped systems ,the time to reach the peak overshoot is also a good measure of the speed of response.上升时间衡量系统的响应速度。它定义了响应从稳定部分误差的10%上升到90%需要的时间。有时用一个等效值来代替上升时间，及响应达到稳态值的50%时，输出响应上升斜率的倒数。对于二阶欠阻尼系统，到达尖峰超越量的时间也是一个较好的对系统响应速度的衡

量。

Delay Time

延迟时间

The time neceary for the response to reach some value(usually 50%)of its steady state value is called delay time.响应到需要达稳定状态的某些值（通常是50%）的时间叫做延迟时间。

Settling Time

稳定时间

The settling time is defined as the time neceary for the response to increase to and stay within a specified range of its final value.Two of five percent is often stated as the tolerable range.The number of oscillations neceary to reach this condition is also a useful index.稳定时间定义的是响应增加到或保持在系统的终值得指定的单元中所需要的时间。Bandwidth

带宽

The bandwidth is defined as the frequency at which the output magnitude is 0.707as compared to the output magnitude at low(or zero)frequency when the system is subjected to sinusoidal inputs.带宽定义为一个频率，当系统在正弦形式输入作用下，在该频率上输出幅值和低频（或零频）时的输出幅值之比为0.707.Damping Ratio

阻尼比

This is a ratio of the system damping to the critical damping for a second-order system。It measures the damping of a complex pole pair.Higher-order systems may have more than one damping ratio although the damping measured by the most dominant complex pole pair is of most importance.The damping ratio is an important parameter in determining the transient performance and stability of a system.这是一个二阶系统的阻尼与临界阻尼的比。它衡量主导极点的阻尼。高阶系统可以有多个阻尼比，而由主导极点做对应的阻尼是最重要的。阻尼比是一个重要的用来确定系统的瞬态性能和稳定性的参数。

Underdamped Natural Frequency

欠阻尼的固有频率

This is directly related the “springine”of a system.Like the damping ratio it may be applied to second-order systems or higher-ordersystems poeing dominant poles.这直接和系统的弹性相关。像阻尼比一样，它可能被应用到二阶或高阶系统来确定主导极点。

System specifications are also given in terms of the error constants as well as the system type.The error constants are used to relate the system gain and time constants to the system error of a unity feedback system.They measure directly the minimum ideal steady state error of a system for a step ,ramp and parabola input.系统规格同样可以以误差系数和系统类型来表示。误差系数用来把单位反馈系统的增益及时间常数和系统误差联系在一起。它们用来直接衡量一个系统的阶跃，斜坡，抛物线输入的最小且理想的误差区域。