Leon 1 中国风土人情_lesson1数字信号处理
Leon 1 中国风土人情由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“lesson1数字信号处理”。
我很高兴向你介绍中国的主要传统节日。
I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays.或者说我愿意向你介绍这方面的情况。
I’d like to share with you brief information in this respect.中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。
Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality.In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.例如，我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。
The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completene, and family reunion.The special food of the day is the yuebing, a round moon cake.春节是中国的农历新年，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。在春节，人们会拜年、放鞭炮。
The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.On Spring Festival, people will pay a new-year call and let off firecrackers.北京是中国的首都，它有3000多年的历史，近1300万人口和许多名胜古迹。近年来，北京发展得很快。你能看到更多地博物馆、公园和购物中心，比比皆是。北京已建成越来越多的高速公路和过街天桥。还有，更多的公共汽车投入使用，它们都使用环保燃料，以防空气受到污染。河水又变得清澈了。无论你走到哪里，你都能看到绿树、青草和美丽的花朵。所有这一切使得北京的生活更便利，更怡人，更多姿多彩，北京仍在向着美好的明天迈进。Beijing is the capital of China;it has a history of over 3,000 years with a population of nearly 13 million and a lot of places of interest around it.十二属相
中国民间有一个传统习俗，人一出生，就有一种动物做他的属相。属相，也叫“生肖”，是中国民间传统的纪年和计算年龄的方法。
中国古代的纪年法是帝王年号与“干支”并用，其中“干支纪年法”从史书上有明文记载的公元前841年（庚申年），一直沿用到现在。“干”是“天干”，有十个字组成，这十个字是：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸。“支”是“地支”，由十二个字组成，这十二个字是：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。把天干的十个字和地支的十二个字按顺序配合起来，可以得到60种排列。如：甲子、乙丑、丙寅„„这60种排列周而复始，循环使用，每六十年叫做“一个甲子”。如公历的2001年，是农历的辛巳年，2062年又是壬午年。从东汉（25——220）时开始，人们又用鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪12种动物来配十二地支，组成了十二生肖，也叫十二属相。这就是子鼠、丑牛、寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌狗、亥猪。这样，子年是鼠年，丑年是牛年，寅年是虎年„„于是，每个人一出生，就有一种动物作他的属相。子年出生的属鼠，丑年出生的属牛，寅年出生的属虎，以此类推。
现在，中国人在用公历纪年和计算年龄的同时，仍然习惯用属相纪年和推算年龄。twelve symbolic animals
It is traditional in China, when a person is born, one animal(shuxiang)is used to symbolize this year.Shuxiang, also called shengxiao(any of the 12 animals representing the Earthly Branches), is a traditional way in China to number the years and to record a person’s age.The ancient Chinese people invented the method to designate the years by the Heavenly Stems, which consist of the characters: zi, shu, yin, mao, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai.Combining each of the 10 Heavenly Stems with one of the 12 Earthly Branches in sequence creates 60 chronological symbols.For example, jiazi, yichou, bingyin, etc..These 60 symbols are used in circles and thus each year has a chronological symbol.For example, 2001 corresponds xinsi, 2002 to renwu in the lunar calendar;after 60 years, 2061, once again, corresponds to xinsi, and 2062, to renwu.Later, people used 12 animals to correspond to the 12 Earthly Branches, forming the 12 Symbolic Animals, namely Earthly Branch One Rat, Earthly Branch Two Ox, Earthly Branch Three Tiger, Earthly Branch Four Rabbit, Earthly Branch Five Dragon, Earthly Branch Six Snake, Earthly Branch Seven Horse, Earthly Branch Eight Sheep, Earthly Branch Nine Monkey, Earthly Branch Ten Rooster, Earthly Branch Eleven Dog, Earthly Branch Twelve Pig.Thus the zi Year is the Year of the Rat, and the chou Year is the Year of the Ox, and the yin Year is the Year of the Tiger, etc..Therefore, when a person is born, he has an animal as his symbolic animal.The year of 2002 was a renwu year under lunar calendar, also the year of Horse, and so children born in this year are all Horse babies.Even though the Chinese people now number the years and their age under the Gregorian calendar, they still continue to use the symbolic animals.As long as people know a person’s probable age and his symbolic animal, people can infer his exact age and year of birth.结婚
结婚是人生中的一件大事。传统的中式婚礼古朴而又热闹，隆重、喜庆并且礼节周全，场面的铺陈颇具特色，不过在现代，尤其是在城市里，已经很少见了。
花轿是传统婚礼的核心内容之一。结婚时，新娘要坐在花轿里从娘家被抬到男方家中。花轿一般分四人抬，八人抬两种，又有“龙轿”“凤轿”之分。除去轿夫之外，还有持笙锣、伞、扇等的随行人员，一般的轿队少则十几人，多则几十人，很是壮观。传统的中式婚礼中，新娘要蒙着红盖头，在伴娘的伴随下，由新郎手持的大红绸牵着，慢慢地登上花轿。在新娘乘花轿去往男方家里的途中，颠花轿是必不可少的热闹场面。轿夫一起左摇右摆使花轿不稳，新娘坐在里面也是左摇右晃。有的时候，新郎甚至不得不代替新娘或者和新娘一起向众人抱拳施礼求饶。而这个时候，众人欢笑不止，实际上是为了增添新人成婚之日的喜庆气氛。中式传统婚礼的最重要的部分便是拜堂成亲。新人走到天地桌前，上面摆放有装满粮食的斗，斗的四周写上“金玉满斗”四个大字，以红纸封口，斗内四角放若干硬币，以供拜完天地后看热闹的亲朋好友掏出来求取吉利之意。斗中要插一柏枝，枝上缀有铜钱，这个柏枝便被称作“摇钱树”。斗旁放一杆秤、一面镜、织布机杼、一灯或一蜡烛。新郎在右，新娘在左，并肩站在天地桌前，执事人高声喊道：“一拜天地，二拜高堂，夫妻对拜”。民间的说法认为，男女只有在拜过天地后才能算作是正式夫妻，因此对这个拜堂的仪式非常重视。还有民间习俗有这样有趣的研究，即如果新郎在结婚的当天因故不能拜天地，就让他的姐妹抱只公鸡来代替。
坐完花轿、拜完天地，接下来新人要入洞房了。洞房是一直延续下来的叫法，新人入了洞房以后，按照习俗，新郎新娘的同辈亲友聚集在洞房里，对新郎新娘开一些充满暗示的玩笑。这时即便过头一点，新郎新娘也不会生气，而是想办法巧妙化解，因为亲朋好友闹洞房图的是高兴和热闹。Wedding
Marriage is the most important thing in the life.In China, a traditional wedding is simple and lively, ceremonious（隆重的；讲究仪式的）, and joyful.There are some unique features in this ceremony, but in modern society, especially in the city, it is hardly seen any more.The bridal（婚礼的；新娘的）sedan（轿车；轿子）is the core of the traditional wedding.In wedding, the bride（新娘）should sit in the sedan, and then be lifted from her mother’s home to her husband’s home.Generally, there are two kinds of sedan, that is, four-lifter and eight-lifter, also divided into “dragon sedan”（龙轿车）and “phoenix sedan”（凤凰轿车）.There are so many suites（随员）that hold gongs（锣）, umbrellas（伞）, fans（扇子）and so on, besides lifters, In group（成组的）, there are more than ten people at least, and the occasion is very magnificent（宏伟的，壮丽的）.In a traditional wedding, accompanied with a bridesmaid（伴娘）, the bride wearing a red veil and led along by the bridegroom（新郎）who holds a red silk in his hand, enters the bridal sedan.On the way to the husband’s home, lifters jolt（震动，摇晃）the sedan as it is neceary in a joyful wedding.Lifters swing the sedan from left to right, causing the bride to sit unsteadily inside.Some times the bridegroom has to substitute for his bride or beg to everyone else, while, all laugh to adding to the jubilance（喜洋洋；欢呼）.The wedding ceremony is the most important part of a traditional Chinese wedding.The newlyweds（新人）go to the table for heaven and earth where there is a dou(a kind of basket)full of grain.The dou is written with red paper.There are many coins placed in the four corners of the dou to provide the “luck” meaning to the guests.There is a cypre（柏树）branch, called “ready source of money”（摇钱树）, decorated with copper coins（铜板；铜币）.Besides, one steelyard（杆秤）, a mirror, a loom（织布机）, a lamp（灯）or a candle are also placed near the dou.Afterwards, the groom stands on the left side, the bride right by his side, while the director prompts, “First bow（鞠躬）to the heaven and earth;second bow to the parents;third bow to each other”.According to the folk saying, they will not be the formal couple until bowing to the heaven and earth.As a result, people pay a great attention to this ceremony.An interesting custom is that if the groom cannot come to this ceremony, he should ask his sister to hold a cock instead.After taking the bridal sedan, bowing to the heaven, it’s time for the newlyweds to go to the bridal chamber.According to custom, their relatives and friends get together in the bridal chamber（新房；洞房）to banter（玩笑，打趣）the newly weds.At this time, the newlyweds will never get angry even if the teasing games（取笑游戏）are a bit outrageous（极不寻常的）, but will try to skillfully diolve since the relatives and friends intend to delight（使愉快，使高兴）them.中国人饮茶，注重一个“品”字。“品茶”不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。
中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。
The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of “savoring.” “Savoring tea” is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself.Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm.You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm.Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea.A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea.Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count.Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum.Whenever guests visit, it is neceary to make and serve tea to them.Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups.In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle.Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed;and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking.Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.Culture of China The Culture of China is home to one of the world’s oldest and most complex civilizations.China boasts a history rich in over 5,000 years of artistic, philosophical, political, and scientific advancement.Though regional differences provide a sense of diversity, commonalities in language and religion connect a culture distinguished by such significant contributions such as Confucianism and Taoism.Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China’s history and strongly influenced other countries in East Asia.Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy.With the rise of Western economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, Western systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China.Some of these would-be reformers rejected China’s cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and Western cultures.China is a unified nation consisting of many different ethnic groups.Fifty-six different ethnic groups make up the great Chinese national family.Because the Han people accounts for more than ninety percent of China’s population, the remaining fifty-five groups are generally referred to as “ethnic minorities.” Next to the majority Han, the Mongolian, Hui, Tibetan, and Uygur peoples comprise the largest ethnic groups.Although China’s ethnic minorities do not account for a large portion of the population, they are distributed over a vast area, residing in every corner of China.Particularly since the implementation of China’s opening and reform policy, the central government has increased investment in minority areas and accelerated their opening to the outside world.This has resulted in an upsurge of economic development in these areas.Each of China’s ethnic minority groups poees a distinctive culture.The Chinese government respects minority customs, and works to preserve, study, and collate the cultural artifacts of China’s ethnic minority groups.The government vigorously supports the development of minority culture and the training of minority cultural workers, and fosters the development of traditional minority medicine.The relation among China's ethnic groups can be described as “overall integration, local concentration, mutual interaction.” Concentrations of ethnic minorities reside within predominantly Han areas, and the Han people also reside in minority areas, indicating that there has been extensive exchanges among China's ethnic groups since ancient times.With the development of the market economy, interaction among ethnic groups has become even more active in the areas of government, economics, culture, daily life, and marriage.Linked by interdependence, mutual aistance, and joint development, their common goals and interests creating a deep sense of solidarity, China's ethnic groups resemble a great national family, together building Chinese civilization.中国历史文化
The Chinese claim a history of 5000 years.The first dynasty, the Xia, is yet to be archaeologically verified but is accepted as lasting from 2200 to 1700 BC, and is described in legends as having been preceded by a succeion of god-like sovereigns who bestowed the gifts of life, hunting and agricultural knowledge.The existence of ensuring dynasties is similarly hazy, but clarity increases with each era, revealing agricultural societies who practiced ancestor worship.The Zhou period(1100-221 BC)saw the emergence of Confucianism and the establishment of the “mandate of heaven” whereby the right to rule was given to the just and denied to the evil and corrupt, leading to the later Taoist view that heaven’s disapproval was expreed through natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and insect plagues.The Chinese were united for the first time during the Qin dynasty(221-207 BC).The dynasty standardized the writing system and completed construction of the Great Wall.The ensuring Han dynasty(206 BC-220 AD)featured much military conflict and the creation of the Three Kingdoms.Curiously, these war-torn centuries also saw the flowering of Buddhism and the arts.元宵节 Lantern Festival 刺绣 embroidery 重阳节 Double-Ninth Festival 清明节 Tomb sweeping day 剪纸 Paper Cutting 书法 Calligraphy 对联(Spring Festival)Couplets 四合院 Siheyuan/Quadrangle 黄土高原 Loe Plateau 红白喜事 Weddings and Funerals 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day 儒家文化 Confucian Culture 火锅 Hot Pot 素质教育 Eential-qualities-oriented Education
文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）”The Four Treasure of the Study” “Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone”
月饼 moon cake 蜜饯 preserved fruits 豆沙 bean paste 八宝饭 eight treasure rice 油条 fried sticks 麻花 fried twisted stick
叉烧包 steamed bun with roast pork
粥 porridge 芋头 taro 葱油饼 pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion
我在弹子石小学读书，一天7节课，我们有成玉课程（选修课程），可以选择自己喜爱的方面，我们学校的传统是乒乓球(ping-pong)，还会经常进行乒乓球比赛，从清朝开始修建，有百年的历史。星期二到星期五早上还会做课间操，我们还会吹口风琴（melodica），星期二和星期四中午还有小石头广播站，我也是广播站的站长，所以我们在学校的每一天都过得很充实。
I’m reading at Danzishi Primary School, and I have 7 leons a day.We have Chengyu Course(selected course), and we can choose the content as we like.The tradition of our school is tennis.Our school often organizes a game of tennis and was built in Qing Dynasty with about 100 years history.We do morning exercise in the morning of Tuesday and Friday, play pianica.At twelve noon on Tuesday and Thursday, there is a Xiaoshitou broadcasting station, and I am the station master, so we have a good day at school.学校也会开展安全疏散演练，集体早会，安全教育等等，我们学校的文化是谦谦君子、温润如玉。还要求学生做到排队问好等等相关的礼仪。
Besides, our school conducts safety evacuation drill, group meeting, and safety education, etc.The culture of our school is “a modest fellow, gentle as a jade.” It also requires the students to queue up and other related etiquette.拥有着5000年文化历史的中国，也有许多传统节日，如元宵节，清明节，中秋节„„。地区也有盆地、黄土高原、如诗如画的江南小镇，56个名族不同的风情，我非常高兴今天向你介绍这些，期待你的回信。
The Chinese claim a history of 5000 years, with a lot of traditional festivals, such as lantern festival, tomb-sweeping festival, mid-autumn day, and etc.There is basin, loe plateau, picturesque south river town and different customs of 56 ethnic groups.I am very happy to have the opportunity to introduce the information to you, hope for your reply.
