专业外语_外语专业建设
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词汇:
1.load claification 荷载分类；2.soil mechanics in foundation engineering：基础工程中的土力学；3.项目管理：Project Management，4.项目全寿命周期：project life cycle，5.数量级order of magnitude；torque 扭转；tense 拉伸；compre 压缩；
6.总承包商，专业承包商，分包商：general contractor，specialty contractor，subcontractor，7.bond of concrete to steel 混凝土与钢筋的粘结性；
1.剪力shearing force ；
2、弯矩bending moment ；
3、弹性变形elastic deformation ；
4、conveying，placing，compacting，and curing of concrete 混凝土的运输、浇筑、捣实和养护。
5、地基和基础footings and foundations；
6、properties of pre-streed concrete 预应力混凝土的特性；
7、a concentrated load or a distributed load 集中力或者分布力；
8、i．e．也即；etc.等等。
9、design criteria for high-rise buildings 高层建筑设计标准。
10、surveying engineering，earthwork 测量工程，土方工程；
11、clear span 净跨；shearing stre，normal stre 剪应力，正应力；
6、reinforced concrete design钢筋混凝土设计；
7、beam，slab and column梁、板和柱子；
8、ductile or brittle material韧性或脆性材料；
19、introduction to mechanics of materials材料力学概述；
20、statics and dynamics 静力学和动力学。
1、three-dimensional CAD models 三维CAD模型；
2、quality control and quality aurance 质量控制和质量保证；
3、bidding，bid opening and award of contract 招标，开标及合同的授予；
4、tests on completion and employer’s taking-over（项目）竣工后测试及业主的接收；
5、scheduling of construction 施工进度计划；
6、excavator 挖掘机，excavation equipment；disputes and claims 争议和索赔；
句子：
1、Besides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be durable.The durability of concrete can be defined as its resistance to deterioration resulting from external and internal causes.混凝土除了能够承受荷载、也要求耐用。混凝土的耐久性可以定义为抵抗因外部或内部原因引起的性能退化的能力。
2、Data for stre-strain diagrams are usually obtained by applying an axial load to a test specimen and measuring the load and deformation simultaneously。
应力-应变图的数据通常是通过给试件施加一个轴向荷载并同时测量荷载和变形的大小
2、The deformation per unit length（单位长度上的变形）in any direction or dimension（在任一方向）is called strain（应变）.在任何一方向或尺寸的单位长度变形叫做应变。
3、Mechanics of materials is a fairly old subject，generally dated from the work of Galileo.He
was the first to attempt to explain the behavior of some of the members under load on a rational basis.He studied members in tension and compreion，and notably beams used in the ships for the Italian navy.材料力学是一个相当古老的话题,一般追溯到伽利略的工作。他是第一个试图以合理的依据去解释一些构件在荷载作用下的力学行为。他研究了构件的拉力和压力,尤其是用于意大利海军船只的梁。
4、The technical areas we will consider are frequently called “statics”（静力学）and “strength of materials”（材料力学），“statics” referring to the study of forces acting on stationary devices, and “strength of materials” referring to the effects of those forces on the structure(deformations, load limits, etc.).我们将频繁考虑的技术领域称作“静力学”和“材料力学”，“静力学”指的作用于静止设备上的力,和“材料强度”指的作用于结构上的力所产生的效应(变形、负载极限,等等)。
5、Generally there is no clear method to determine how completely, or how precisely, to treat a problem.If our analysis is too simple, we may not get a pertinent answer（恰当的答案）;It is usually preferable to（更好的选择是）start with a relatively simple analysis and then add more detail as required to obtain a practical solution（实用的答案）.一般没有明确的方法来确定如何彻底地,或者准确地,解决一个问题。如果我们的分析太过简单,我们可能不会得到一个恰当的答案;更好的选择是从一个相对地简单分析,然后根据需要添加更多的细节来获取一个实用的答案。
6、A code is a set of technical specifications and standards that control important details of design and construction.编码是一系列技术说明和标准控制设计和施工的重要细节。
7、Although the design of most members is controlled typically by dead and live load acting simultaneously, consideration must also be given to the forces produced by wind, impact（冲击）, shrinkage（收缩）, temperature change, creep（徐变）and support settlements（支座沉降）, earthquake, and so forth.大多数人的设计虽然是通过控制恒载和活载计算的，同时还必须考虑风、冲击、收缩、温度变化、徐变和支座沉降,地震等的作用。
8、Fresh concrete（新浇混凝土）gains strength most rapidly during the first few days and weeks.新浇混凝土在最初几天或几周内强度增加最快。
9、The behavior of a member subjected to forces depends not only on the fundamental laws of Newtonian mechanics that govern the equilibrium of the forces but also on the physical characteristics of the materials of which the member is fabricated.受力构件的力学行为，不仅取决于牛顿力学基本原理控制力的平衡，也取决于构件所用材料的物理特征
10、The bending moments on the building caused by these lateral forces increase with at least the square of the height，and their effects will become progreively more important as the building height increases.造成建筑物弯矩的侧向力至少以高度的平方增长，侧向力的影响将随着建筑物高度的增加变的越来越重要。
11、For most effective reinforcing action，it is eential that steel and concrete deform together，i.e.，that there be a sufficiently strong bond between the two materials to ensure that no relative
movements occur.对大多数有效的加强效果来说,关键是,钢铁和混凝土一起变形，也就是，要有足够强的粘结作用以确保两种材料没有相对移动。
1、Thus in reinforced concrete beams, the concrete resists the compreive force, longitudinal steel reinforcing bars are located close to the tension face to resist the tension force, and usually additional steel bars are so disposed that they resist the inclined tension strees that are caused by the shear force in the beams.因此在钢筋混凝土梁中,混凝土抵抗压力,纵向加强钢筋位于靠近受拉面抵抗拉力,附加钢筋通常是抵抗由梁的剪力引起的斜向拉应力。
2、In any framing system a deck element is supported by regularly spaced beams，which in turn are supported by other beams or directly by columns or walls。Vertical loads thus carried by these elements are finally transmitted to columns and to their foundations。
在任何框架系统一个楼板构件是由规则相间的梁支撑的,这些梁转而被其它梁或直接由柱或墙垂直支撑，因此这些竖向荷载都是由这些要素最后传送到柱和地基。
3.The initial sizes of beams and slabs are normally based on moments and shears obtained from some simple method of gravity load analysis，or from codified mid-and end-span values。梁、板的初始尺寸通常以从一些简单的重力荷载分析,或从已编好的跨中和端部数值获得力矩和剪力为基础
4A good construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and the schedule for work。一个好的施工计划是编制预算和工作进度计划的基础
9.The terms “work”，“tasks” or “activities” are often used interchangeably in construction plans to refer to specific，defined items of work。
术语“工作”、“任务”或“活动”通常可互换地使用在施工计划中来指出特定的明确的工作项目计划
10.The problem of placing concrete on site would have sub-activities aociated with placing forms，installing reinforcing steel，pouring concrete，curing the concrete，removing formsand others。
混凝土浇筑现场有关的附加活动的问题有,安装钢筋、混凝土浇注的混凝土、删除、固化形式和其它。
主要为英文翻译为中文，少量英文翻译为中文。
