形容词和副词比较级的用法_形容词副词比较级用法

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形容词和副词比较级的用法

形容词和副词的用法

1.形容词是用来描写或修饰名词或代词的一类词。

在句中主要做定语和表语等成分。做定语时修饰名词或代词(一般为不定代词),修饰名词时常放于名词前,修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后,做表语时和系动词(简称系词)连用,构成一个系表结构。例如: Can you hear the loud noise?(定语)你听见大的吵闹声了吗? The noise is very loud.(表语)吵声很大

The quiet girl is my sister.(定语)那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。My sister looks very quiet.(表语)我妹妹看起来很安静。He lives a happy life.(定语)他过着幸福生活。He feels happy.(表语)他感觉很快乐。

There is something wrong with the car.(定语)这个小车出毛病了。I have nothing new to tell you.(定语)我没什么新东西告诉你。

Do you have anything interesting to tell us?

(定语)你有一些有趣的东西告诉我们吗? 2.常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有: look(看起来,看上去),feel(感觉),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),get(变得),turn(变),become(成为,变得),sound(听起来)等。

例如: The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring.春天天气变暖和了,树变绿了。The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。The soup taste nice.这汤尝上去很好吃。You look fine.你看起来气色很好。

3.副词是用以修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句的词 例如: The men and the women walk quickly.这些男女走得很快。The children walk slowly.孩子们走得很慢。They often laugh loudly.他们经常大声地笑。1.原级的构成和用法

l)构成:形容词,副词的原级形式是形容词,副词的原形.

2)用法:表示双方在程度,性质,特征等某方面相等时,用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“

not so(as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构.

例如:This building looks not so(as)high as that one.

Ms.Sun speaks English as fluently as you.

This room is three times as large as that one.2.比较级的构成和用法

1)比较级和最高级的构成:

①单音节形容词以及少数以-er,-ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”,great

greater

narrow narrower

fast

faster

clever

cleverer

②以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble,-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“ r”,.large

larger

able

abler

simple simpler

③以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“ er”,“.hot

hotter

④以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为

i,再加“ er”,easy

easier

early

earlier

happy happier

⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more

beautiful more beautiful

carefully more carefully

⑥少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级。

tired more tired

pleased more pleased

⑦下列形容词、副词的比较级可有两种构成方法.

cruel

crueler

more cruel

often

oftener

more often

strict

stricter

more strict

friendly friendlier

more friendly

⑧下列形容词,副词的比较级的构成不规则.

good,well

better

bad, ill

worse

many,much

more

little le

far

farther

further

old

elder/older

2)比较级的用法

①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级十 than”的结构表示.例如:

This pen is better than that one.②表示一方不及另一方时,用“ le十原级十 than”的结构表示.例如:

This room is le beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰.例如:He works even harder than before.

注意:英语的比较级前如无 even,still,或 yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“„„一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如: She is better than she was yesterday.她比昨天好些了.

Please come earlier tomorrow.

请明天早点来. 注意:by far通常用于强调最高级.用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“ the”.如

He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers.④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语),the 十比 较级(主语十谓语)”的结构.例如:

The harder he works,the happier he feels.

⑤不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构.例如:

The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以一or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to代替

than.(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等.例如:

He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用 that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人,也可指物.that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.例如:

The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.

⑧表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

A)

A is three(four,ete)times the size(height,length,width,ete)of B.例如;

The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍]).

B)A is three(four,etc)times as big(high,long,wide,etc.)as

B.例如:

Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍.)C)A is three(four,etc.)times bigger(higher,longer,wider,etc.)than B. 例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours,你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍.(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大.)用 times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数.表示两倍可以用 twice或 double

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