Labor Shortage and Employment Difficulty Coexisting in China中国的用工荒和就业难_watershortage翻译

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Content 1.2.3.4.The description of the iue.....................................................................................................1 The eence of the labor shortage............................................................................................2 The reflection of labor shortage...............................................................................................2 The reasons of the phenomenon..............................................................................................3 4.1 Reason for the labor shortage............................................................................................3 4.2 Reasons of difficulties in finding a job..............................................................................5 5.Solutions...................................................................................................................................6

5.1 The role of government......................................................................................................6 5.2 What should the firms do？...............................................................................................8 5.3 Suggestions for individual.................................................................................................8 6.Conclusion................................................................................................................................9 Reference.......................................................................................................................................10

i Labor Shortage and Employment Difficulty

Coexisting in China

Every year, after spring festival(Chinese New Year)vacation, some friends who run sunglaes factories in my hometown always complain to me, about the difficulty in recruiting factory-hands.This phenomenon is not only appear in their factories, but common in the whole country since year 2007.1.The description of the iue According to the report published by Survey Research Center of China's household financial of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, the unemployment rate of China was 8.05 percent in June, 2012.(Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Dec,2012).Meanwhile, it is not easy for enterprises to recruit.According to 2011 Labor Shortage Survey report, which conducted by Taihe Consulting, 88.5 percent of the companies who jioned the survey said they met labor shortage, while only 11.5 pecent had no such problem.(Taihe Consulting, 2011).How can these inconsistency phenomenons coexisting in China? One reason is the college graduate.Since they are unfit for a higher post but unwilling to take a lower one, they become the majority of the umemployment.Around these years, university graduates reach more than 6,000,000 every year,(Human Resources and Social Security Ministry, 2012), which cause a great deal of preure on employment.Another reason is that with the development, corporates need higher technology to make progre and catch the advanced level, then the demand for skilled workers increases, but the job market is lack of journeyman.(Hongjun, 2010)2.The eence of the labor shortage “Labor shortage” is not a simple lack of labor supply, but the contradiction of education structure and industrial structure;the conflict of people's employment expectations and the actual employment environment.Labor shortage caused by the imbalance of quality labor supply and demand, such as skilled workers are in short supply, while the unskilled workers are not needed.(Yong, Jun, 2011)One of the prominent crises that SMEs faced in the new era is the talent inefficient, and the most obvious is the shortage of skilled workers and excellent administrative staffs.(Qun, 2012).3.The reflection of labor shortage Labor shortage indicates the end of the cheap Chinese migrant workers era, namely, the conventional reliance on low-cost economic structure and labor force structure has come to an end.Years ago, China attracted abundant of foreign investments because of cheap labor, but now the advantage was fadinbg away, and Southeast countries, such as Indonesia, Philippines became another choice for them.When China response to the impact of the international financial crisis is efficient, the country faces the conflicts of job market structure, personnel training and industry structure, and the transformation of economic mode is increasingly urgent.In terms of the employers, the low-end industries are facing labor shortage, such as electrical manufacturing, mechanical proceing factories, and apparel manufacturing, and so on.For modern service industry, emerging industries and advanced manufacturing, since they have not gain their competitive advantage in the international market, they are lacking of labor demand, which result in a large number of college students unemployed.Labor shortage and difficult in finding a job coexisting is a highlight of structural unemployment, which requires the urgent need of changing the traditional mode of economy growth, and forces the upgrading of industries.Human resource is the first element of the economic development.Sufficient quantity, reasonable structure and skilled personnel, especially highly skilled personnel are needed to support the economic growth.4.The reasons of the phenomenon

4.1 Reason for the labor shortage The labor shortage in China is a scarcity of high-end talented managers and skilled migrant workers.Since China's rapid economic growth, it is easy to understand that we need more international talents to catch up with the Western countries.However, regarding of migrant workers, how can a country with the world biggest population lack of it? The reasons are as follows:

1.The firms require high skilled staff while migrant workers are technical weak.With the adjustment of industrial structure, a large number of labor-intensive enterprises began to transfer to technology-intensive, and in line with it, the labor structure also need to amend.Simple duplication is not the main demand of the enterprise.(Zhang daiyuan, 2010)

2.High cost of living with low-income.Rapid economic growth leads to high inflation, but wages keep still.Therefore, the disproportionate wages often make ends meet of migrant workers.The majority of migrant workers are from central and western China.In the recent years, the salaries and benefits gap between coastal areas and midwest areas gradually narrow down, and government introduces a series of policies to support agriculture and benefit farmers, so they have job opportunity in their hometown and there is no need to go to exile.3.A large proportion of migrant workers accumulated experience and original capital through a decade of working outside, and they do not want to be an employee anymore, so they choose to do pioneering work to realize their own values under the support of government policy.(Zhang daiyuan, 2010)

4.High-risk and low protection.A large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises recruit when they get the order, and lay-off in busine downturn, and they even withhold wage maliciously.Furthermore, the living conditions are poor and lack of social security protection, health care insurance, and children education.(Zhang daiyuan, 2010).The contempt of the protection of migrant workers’ interest makes workers cannot feel care and warm, and they lack of belonging, accomplishment, so they are not guarantee to stay and the relationship is unstable.(Shuming, 2011)4.2 Reasons of difficulties in finding a job Employment difficulty has two groups, one is college graduates, and another is migrant workers.They have similarities and respective characteristics.Reasons for graduates to have difficulty in finding a job

1.When colleges and universities train talents, they are too theorized and not based on the needs of enterprises, so the graduates are not qualified.Vocational colleges in China is completely managed by the administrative department of education, in consequence, they lack of effective practice guidance.(Hongjun, 2010)

2.Many graduates are not fully adjusting their employment outlook, considering themselves as high-ranking university studentsand and should have a substantial income work, without awaring the reality.(Huanhuan, 2009)

Reasons for migrant workers to have difficulty in finding a job

Employment conceptual of young generation in job seeking has changed.The new generation of migrant workers occupies 60 percent of the total migrant workers and they want to find decent and promising jobs.Even it’s impoible to become a “white-collar”, and as a “blue collar” they keep up with Joneses.Most of them want to buy a house in the city where they are working to live a high quality of life.In terms of jobs, they not only anticipate a satisfactory wage income, but concern about the chance of showing individual ability, so they pay attention to the work environment, social security and personal fulfillment.The maive pipeline boring work cannot satisfy them, and for them, job is not only for living, but considered as a career.(Shi Hongwei, 2012)5.Solutions

5.1 The role of government

1.Improve the employability of potential labor force.For university students, encourage school-enterprise cooperation to promote vocational education meet the social development needs.Provide trainings to both university students and migrant workers.The raining cannot be completely free, since people do not cherish freebies.We can apply this mode: if a curriculum cost 1,000RMB, government makes subsidies to trainers of 80 percent, that is 800RMB, and the individual only need to pay 200RMB to get self-improvement.The content of training includes pre-employment training, practical training, and practical skills training, etc.Learn from German to transfer students into corporate under the government payment.2.Government needs to investigate the employment expectations to the local enterprises and the local labor force status quo, and then publish the labor gap may appear in different industries annually.Setting labor warning mechanism can alert local businees to take precautions and prepare for the coming year.Under the circumstances, looting labor can be avoided after the Spring Festival.Thus, we can reduce waste and enhance the efficiency of enterprises.3.Human Resources and Social Security and other relevant departments and unions should implement the “Labor Law” “Labor Contract Law ”“Trade Union Law” and “Collective Contract Regulations” and other related laws and regulations conscientiously to propel, improve and standardize the system of collective wage negotiations.Additionally, adjust the minimum wage and wage guidelines, guidance price standard timely and reasonably based on changes of market factors.To protect the migrant workers to settle in city through public rental housing policy, and enjoy the same treatment with urban residents in pension, health care and schooling for their children.5.2 What should the firms do？

1.Enterprises need to speed up the adjustment pace of industrial structure.Not all the enterprises facing recruiting iue.Those firms with certain size, advanced management system, competitive salaries and better labor security do not appear to labor tension.However, traditional manufacturing industries such as footwear and toys sorely lacking labor force.So, these enterprises should reform and have creation ability to increase product added value and profit margins.2.Improve the treatment of workers, and implement the social security earnestly.Busine operators need to change their ideas, and execute people-oriented strategy, which means consider the staff as the first resources of enterprise to fully mobilize the workers paion in working.Firms cannot reduce the cost by limiting the expense on employees, instead, achieving high efficiency through scientific management, improving product quality and service quality, enhancing technological innovation.5.3 Suggestions for individual Find career direction and willing to start at low level.Initially, job seekers should not care much about the salary, but focus on what can be learnt and how to improve self.After you gain experience, then means you have the chance, priority to attend famous, large enterprises.6.Conclusion

Labor shortage and employment difficulty have coexisting in China for years and it will continue exciting.Solving this iue is a long run task and need a huge number of capitals and the collaboration of government, enterprises and individuals as well.Personnel training are vital for a country, and solving this problem is a long-term benefit of the country.Because of the personal ability limitation, the suggestions mentioned above are imperfect, but there have certain practical significance.Reference 1.BoYang.(Jun, 2011).continue developing private economy.Economic Research Guide, 58-61.2.China Economic Weekly.(Feb, 2012).GDP quality ranking of provinces in 2011.3.HongjunZhu.(2010).The Research of School-Enterprise Cooperation in Personnel Training.JOURNAL OF BEIJING YOUTH POLITICS COLLEGE, 66.4.HuanhuanHu.(2009).reasons forthe “difficult job ” and “ labor shortage”.Legal System and Society , 236-237.5.Human Resources and Social Security Ministry.(2012).Statistics on the Number of College Graduates Nationwide of Year 2012.6.QunWu.(Oct, 2012).Labor Shortage And The Analysis Of Persistent Employment In SME.Modern Economic Research.7.Shi HongweiRongRuan.(2012).Labor Capital Management.Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute, 48-52.8.ShumingLiu.(2011).Investigation and Reflection of labor shortage and high rate of unemployment.Human Resources and Social Security of Shandong Province, 33-34.9.Southwestern University of Finance and Economics.(Dec,2012).China's urban unemployment report.10.Taihe Consulting.(2011).2011 Labor Shortage Survey.11.YongHuang.(Jun, 2011).Commit to solute labor and employment difficulty.Insight.12.YujuanOu.(2012).The Research of Private Economy Development and Broaden Employment Channels.Scholars Observed, 243-245.13.Zhang daiyuanTaoPeng.(2010).“Difficulty in finding job ” behind the “labor shortage”.Human Resources and Social Security, 33-34.