高考英语阅读理解练习(19)(含解析)_高考英语试卷含解析
高考英语阅读理解练习(19)(含解析)由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“高考英语试卷含解析”。
2014高考英语阅读理解练习（19）及答案（解析）
(2010·杭州质检二，C)Any discuion of English conversation, like any English conversation, must begin with The Weather.And in this spirit of observing traditional rule, I shall quote Dr Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of the weather”，and point out that this observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago.This, however, is the point at which most people either stop, or try, and fail, to come up with a convincing explanation for the English “addiction” to the weather.They fail because their premise(前提)is mistaken: they aume that our conversations about the weather are conversations about the weather.In other words，they aume that we talk about the weather because we have a keen interest in the subject.Most of them then try to figure out what it is about the English weather that is so fascinating.Bill Bryson，for example, concludes that the English weather is not at all fascinating, and that our“addiction” to it is therefore very difficult to explain: “To an outsider，the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.All those phenomena that elsewhere give nature an edge of excitement, unpredictability and danger—tornados, monsoons, hailstorms—are almost wholly unknown in the British Isles.”
Jeremy Paxman takes offence at Bryson's comments and argues that the English weather is truly fascinating：
Bryson mies the point.The interest is le in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty...one of the few things you can say about England with absolute certainty is that it has a lot of weather.It may not include tropical cyclones but life at the edge of an ocean and the edge of a continent means you can never be entirely sure what you're going to get.My research has convinced me that both Bryson and Paxman are miing the point, which is that our conversations about the weather are not really about the weather at all：English weatherspeak is a form of code, developed to help us overcome our natural reserve(含蓄)and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows, for example, that “Nice day, isn't it？”，“Oh, isn't it cold？”； and other variations on the theme are not requests for weather data: they are greetings or conversationstarters.In other words, English weatherspeak is a form of “cleaning talk”—the human equivalent of what is known as “social cleaning” among our primate(灵长类的)cousins, where they spend hours cleaning each other's fur, even when they are perfectly clean, as a means of social connection.英国人谈话为什么以谈天气开始，本文作者在对比了两个具有代表性的说法之后提出了自己的见解——作为一种社会联系的手段。
8．According to the author，most people's explanations for the English love for weather talk are ________.A.scientific C.fascinating
B.incorrect D.accurate 答案：B。推理判断题。由第2,3,4,5段内容可推断出B项正确。
9．As is stated in the paage，most people try to find out ________.A.why the English weather is so unique B.whether the English enjoy their weather C.why the English are so interested in the topic of weather D.whether the English really talk about weather when they do so 答案：C。主旨大意题。总览文章可知答案。文章第1段引出话题，从第2段开始就其原因展开探讨。
10．In Bill Bryson's opinion, the English “addiction” to their weather is ________.A.understandable B.convincing C.respectable D.unreasonable 答案：D。推理判断题。由第3段首句的“it is therefore very difficult to explain”可推知答案。
11．Disapproving of Bill Bryson's opinion，Jeremy Paxman argues that ________.A.the English talk about their weather because it is unpredictable B.the English don't talk about weather as often as the outsiders think C.the English weather can be as exciting as anywhere else's D.the English weather talk is merely a form of small talk 答案：A。推理判断题。由倒数第3段的“Jeremy Paxman...argues that the English weather is truly fascinating”和倒数第2段第2句but in uncertainty可推知答案。
12．According to the author, English weatherspeak is similar to primates' social cleaning in that they are both ________.－slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim, the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's light－skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave－holding cla.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to mi：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy paage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black－face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awarene that they did not.Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him.And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its
C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.【要点综述】 本篇为说明文，谈到马克·吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。
65．B 推理判断题。由第二段的“Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.”可知，马克·吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealt directly with slavery)，因此B项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文章没有提及；C项与题干无关，答非所问；D项文章没有提及。
66．D 推理判断题。根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry Finn定位到第三段。由“More recently the book has been attacked because of …many occurences of the word nigger.”可知答案。A项中的target readers错误，文章没有说到；B项不符合文意；C项中的impolite language范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。
67．C 细节理解题。由第四段的末句“…the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities…”可知答案。A项中的in detail文章没有提及；B项中的The slave's voice与文章的the character of Jim不一致；D项文章没有提及。
68．C 推理判断题。由第六段可知，举这个例子是为了说明奴隶的社会地位是由生活环境决定的，而不是人的自然本性。
69．D 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的前面一句可知：没有理由认为马克·吐温把这些表演当作表现现实，后句紧接着解释：马克·吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断攻击说明了他敏锐的意识，而这些是shows所没有表达出来的，可见they应该就是指代shows。
70．A 作者意图题。末段首先提出一个疑问，然后通过论据否定了这个观点，最后总结了一下自己的观点：And Twain…may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice …than any other novelist in the past century，可见作者要反驳的是末段首句所表达的疑问，只有A项符合，其他各项只是对具体例子的说明。
(2011·海淀第二学期期末，D)
The Child Ego State The Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed
A.blame ourselves B.avoid stre C.keep up with everything D.accept challenges 答案：B。推理判断题。由第3段中间的“We may well use that person...Then on hearing the new permiions to relax and take some time out...”可推知答案。
15．According to the paage，the Child ego state ________.A.exists in one's childhood B.shows one's wisdom C.limits one's thoughts D.influences one's actions 答案：D。推理判断题。
16．The underlined word“this” in the last paragraph refers to ________.A.“I want some fun” C.the Child ego state
B.“My Child wants some fun” D.structural analysis 答案：A。词义猜测题。答案在于文章最后两句，由尾句中的but saying “I” reminds us...可知代词this指代的是上句的“I want some fun”而不是“My Child wants some fun”。
