英语专业修辞学_较全英语修辞学方法

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Simile and metaphor

Simile:

A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.The comparison is purely imaginative, that is, the resemblance between the two unlike things in that one particular aspect exists only in our minds, in our “inward eye” and not in the nature of the things themselves.To make the comparison, words like as, as…so…, and like are used to transfer the quality we aociate with one to the other.For example: Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day.(E.B.White)(An aociation between the rapidity with which records were broken and the rapidity of ripe apples being blown down on a windy day.)

Metaphor:

A metaphor is in a sense a condensed simile, differing from the latter only in form and artistry.It requires greater ability on the part of the reader to perceive the hidden aociation, the insight into persons, things or ideas that implied.For example: Jim was a fox.The difference between simile and metaphor:

In a simile, the words like, as, as..so..are used to make comparison, as in:

(1)Jim was as cunning as a fox.(2)The world is like a stage.In metaphor, however, the comparison would appear simply as:

(1a)Jim was a fox.(2a)The world is a stage.In a simile the particular aspect of the point of resemblance between two unlike elements is given, in a metaphor nothing is stated.Taking the sentence(1)as an example, we can see that the aspect of cunningne in both man and fox is compared, but in sentence(1a), this aspect is not indicated.