英国文化 名词解释_英国文学史名词解释
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1.The Kiwi
It is the name of one of the native birds in New Zealand.It is flightle.In colloquial English the Kiwi,capitalized,is also used to refer to a New Zealander.2.The Open Polytechnic in New Zealand
It is the largest educational institution in New Zealand.Most of its students study part-time.It offers more than 700 courses in a wide range of subjects.Multimedia learning is one of its characteristics.3.The Bill of Rights in the USA
It consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.It guarantees freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech,the right to aemble in public places,the right to own weapons and so on.4.“The Wizard of Menlo Park”
It refers to Thomas Alva Edison.He was the most famous of all American inventors.Among his many important inventions are electric lamp,phonograph,motion pictures and so on.As he was so clever and talented and his workplace were located in Menlo Park,New Jersey,he earned the title.5.Martin Luther King Jr.A black Baptist minister,he was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of the 1960s.In 1963,King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream”speech.As a civil rights leader,King worked not only to end racial discrimination and poverty,but also to raise the self image of the black.Due to his strong belief in non-violent peaceful protest,King was awarded the Nobel Peace-Prize in 1964.He was aainated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.6.The Strategy of Preemption in the USA
President Bush put forward the strategy of preemption.By preemption,when it determined that a country which is repreive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of ma destruction or has the potential to have such weapons,the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the US is attacked.This has come to be known as the Bush doctrine.7.Early Jazz Music
It appeared in the southern New Orleans at the end of the 19 century.It was a blend of folk music,work chants,spirituals,marches,and European claical music.Instruments are used as a trumpet,a trombone,and percuion instruments like the drum,banjo,and guitars.Jazz developed into the 1920’s with two different styles,namely,the Chicago style jazz and the New York style.8.The Canadian Identity
It refers to something which is distinctively Canadian,different from other countries,and the very reason for making Canada so special.For example,two official languages of English and French can be considered as part of the Canadian identity.9.The Canadian Mosaic
Canada is a nation of immigrants.When it is described as a mosaic,it means that the immigrant groups do not have to throw off their old customs,languages and traditions.This resembles a mosaic of different cultures which overlap but do not overwhelm each other.10.The Inuit
The Inuit used to be called the Eskimo who lives in far north of the arctic climate by hunting.Today,some of these people still live this way;while others make a living through selling carvings and handicrafts.th
