自然主义_新自然主义

2020-02-28 其他范文下载本文

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NATRUALISM

As a literary form, naturalism first appeared in France in the middle of 19th century.It tends to expre the idea in the natural way----as it exactly is, more truthful than realism.It first appeared in America at the beginning of 20th century, mostly written about the lower cla about their hopelene, misfortunes and sadne in this cold world.Social Background

The industrialism produced financial giants as well as proletariats with their fate out of their control.The poor life went bad to worse.The desperation in life made the philosophy of Herbert Spencer---the predestination, became popular.The influence of Darwinism----the survival of the fittest, put human into the animal world.Literary Background

Living in this cold Godle world, there was no freedom in any sense, live is to survive.Howellsian realism was too restrained to tell the truth of the harsher reality.In the 90s, French naturalism, with its new way of writing and new technique appealed to the young writers.Features

A description of the development of industrial civilization, and a psychological eence of capitalism society.Reconstruction of literature, focus on new truthfulne,----the changing fromidealization and humanization to material and social tool of human beings.Eager to aert one’s identity, to define oneself against the social and natural force.Writers and Works

Frank Norris

1.Mcteague, the first full-bidied American naturalistic novel, the manifesto of naturalism

2.the wheat trilogy:the Octopus, the Pit, the Wolf,but the last was not finished.Writers and works

Stephen Crane

Maggie, a Girl of Street,---the first naturalism novel in America.The Red Badge of Courage

The Blue Hotel, and The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky,----short novels

The Black Rider and Other Poems, and War is Kind----poetry collection

Writers and Works

Theodore Dreiser

Sister Carrie

Gennie Gerhardt

The Financier, the Titan, the “ Genious”