Madame Bovary 2_第2章医学模式

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Madame Bovary

Madame Bovary is Gustave Flaubert's first published novel and is considered his masterpiece.The story focuses on a doctor's wife, Emma Bovary, who has adulterous affairs and lives beyond her means in order to escape the banalities and emptine of provincial life.Though the basic plot is rather simple, even archetypal, the novel's true art lies in its details and hidden patterns.Flaubert was notoriously a perfectionist about his writing and claimed always to be searching for the right word.Emma is the novel's protagonist and is the main source of the novel's title(Charles's mother and his former wife are also referred to as Madame Bovary).She has a highly romanticized view of the world and craves beauty, wealth, paion, and high society.It is the disparity between these romantic ideals and the realities of her country life that drive most of the novel, most notably leading her into two extramarital love affairs as well as causing her to accrue an insurmountable amount of debt that eventually leads to her suicide.Emma's husband, Charles Bovary, is a very simple and common man.Charles adores his wife and finds her faultle, despite obvious evidence to the contrary.He never suspects her affairs and gives her complete control over his finances, thereby securing his own ruin.Despite Charles's complete devotion to Emma, she despises him as he is the epitome of all that is dull and common.When Charles discovers Emma's

deceptions after her death he is devastated and dies soon after, but not before frittering away the very last of the aets remaining after his bankruptcy by living the way he believed Emma would have wanted him to live.The book, loosely based on the life story of a schoolfriend who had become a doctor, was written at the urging of friends, who were trying(unsuccefully)to “cure” Flaubert of his deep-dyed Romanticism by aigning him the dreariest subject they could think of, and challenging him to make it interesting without allowing anything out-of-the-way to occur.Although Flaubert had little liking for the styles of Balzac or Zola, the novel is now seen as a prime example of Realism, a fact which contributed to the trial for obscenityFlaubert, as the author of the story, does not comment directly on the moral character of Emma Bovary and abstains from explicitly condemning her adultery.This decision caused some to accuse Flaubert of glorifying adultery and creating a scandal.The Realist movement used verisimilitude through a focus on character development.Realism was a reaction against Romanticism.Emma may be said to be the embodiment of a romantic;in her mental and emotional proce, she has no relation to the realities of her world.She inevitably becomes diatisfied since her larger-than-life fantasies are impoible to realize.Flaubert declared that much of what is in the novel is in his own life by saying “Madame Bovary, it's me”.Madame Bovary, on the whole, is a commentary on the entire self-satisfied, deluded, bourgeois culture of Flaubert's time period.His contempt for the bourgeoisie is expreed through his characters: Emma and Charles Bovary lost in romantic delusions;absurd and harmful scientific characters, a self-serving money lender, lovers seeking excitement finding only the banality of marriage in their adulterous affairs.All are seeking escape in empty church rituals, unrealistic romantic novels, or delusions of one sort or another.Long established as one of the greatest novels ever written, the book has often been described as a “perfect” work of fiction.