Reaction to Gullivers Travels_韩国reaction郭碧婷
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ReadTravels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver
By 王愿 10092310162
As one of the most influent master of satires in the world,as well as a poet and a publicist,Jonathan Swift enjoys a great reputation in writing ironic works criticizing and justifying current social affairs and politics, which is also the main reason why I regard him one as my favorite foreign writers.Born in a poor and immigrant family of Dublin, capital of Ireland, Jonathan Swift was brought up by his uncle.He spent most of his childhood At the Kilkenny School.After he stepped into Trinity College in Dublin, he took limited interests merely in history and poems, instead of humdrum theological and philosophical curriculums.And thus he got his Bachelor‟s degree with the exception from college in his favor.In 1688, he went to Britain to pursue survival from the invasion and occupation of British Army.During the following 10 years since his graduation, due to the relationship, though unwelcome, Swift had managed to be a private secretary in the pretty Moor Park, where he met the owner of Moor Park, Sir William Temple, an experienced politician, and also a philosopher.Over there, he devoted himself into the vast sea of books and he improved greatly.His early two satirical works, The Tale of a Tub and The Battle of the Books, which brought him into notice as the most powerful satirist of the age, were produced there over this time.As time elapses, he left Moor Park and return to Ireland to be ordained as an Anglican minister.During Queen Anne‟s reign, he frequently travelled back and forth between Dublin and London.He involved himself into the trifle of party politics and he was the most powerful satirist of the agethen.Despite his initially becoming active in Whig politics, the party‟s perceived opposition to the Anglican Church led Swift to change allegiance to the Tory cause.But with the acceion of Georg I in 1714, the political landscape changed;The Whig party gained power and Swift lost his political influence.The best position he could be secured and offered was the dean of St.Patrick‟s, Dublin.Thus, Swift left England and returned to Ireland in disappointment, a virtual exile, to live “like a rat in a hole”.Once in Ireland, however, Swift began to turn his pamphleteering skills in support of Irish causes, producing some of his most memorable works: Proposal for Universal Use of Irish Manufacture, Drapier’s Letters, and A Modest Proposal, which earn him the status of an Irish patriot.Actually, in addition to his personal blow of career, other aspects of society also began to anger Swift.Whig policy towards Ireland fuelled and exacerbated Swift‟s anger at the government in London.Great changes in attitudes, outlooks, fashion, and social
trends were taking place during this period;the nascent Enlightenment Movement, building on the empirical foundations laid by Newton, Locke and Bacon, affected all areas of society.Modish and chic theories of individualism and commercialism championed by the Whig pre were anathema or eliminated to claically minded conservatives like Swift.Indeed, these theories may well have seemed a direct attack on the morals and values underpinning Swift‟s notion of civilization.Arguably Gulliver‟s Travels was conceived as a challenge to this new wave thinking1.Also during these disappointing years, he began writing his best known literary masterpiece, Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts,By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships.better known as Gulliver’s Travels.The Travels comprises four parts, which respectively are A Voyage to Lilliput;A Voyage to Brodingnag;A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg and Japan;A Voyage to the Country of theHouyhnhnms.The main character is Doctor Lemuel Gulliver, who is always an adventure-driven guy.On his very first voyage, Gulliver is shipwrecked and washed ashore.He wakes up from coma to find himself bound as a prisoner of a race of tiny people, the tallest of whom is le than 6 inches, who are inhabitants of the island country of Lilliput.After giving aurances of his good behavior, he is given a residence in Lilliput and becomes a favorite of the court.There Gulliver aists the Lilliputians to subdue their neighbors, the Blefuscudians.However, he refuses to reduce the island nation of Blefuscu to a province of Lilliput, displeasing the King and the court.Consequently, Gulliver is charged with treason and sentenced to be blinded.With a kind friend‟s help, he escapes to Blefuscu, where he spots and retrieves an abandoned boat and sails out to be rescued by a paing ship which safely takes him back home, after a three year‟s absence.An insatiated desire for adventure urges Gulliver to start the second voyage.When the sailing ship Adventure is steered off caused by storms and forced to anchors near the land of Brobdingnag to renew its supply of fresh water, Gulliver is abandoned by his companions and captured by a giant, also a farmer, who is 22m tall.And the farmer brings Gulliver home and his daughter cares for him.Fortunately, they treat Gulliver kindly, though usually amused by his tiny size and look upon him as a plaything.Accidently, the Queen of Brobdingnag heard about the tiny plaything and bought Gulliver from the farmer and kept him as a favorite at court, where he discues the state of Europe with the King of Brobdingnag.He has a portable house, actually a box, called “traveling house”.On a trip to the seaside, the box is seized by a giant eagle and dramatically dropped right into the sea.Fortunately, he is picked up by paing human sailors, who take him back to England.Glasgow University Library Special Collections Department(2006 Jan), Travels into several remote nations of the world by Lemuel Gulliver, University of Glasgow, p2-3
On his third voyage, he is a captain.But tragically, in the way he encounters with and is taken by pirates.And he is left behind on a desolate rocky island.Fortunately he is rescued by the flying island of Laputa, a kingdom devoted to the arts of music and mathematics but unable to use them for practical ends.Laputa‟s method of throwing rocks at rebellious surface cities also seems the first time that aerial bombardment was conceived as a method of warfare.Then he has a visit at the Academy of Lagado, where he gives his suggestions for improvement with acceptance gracefully.The subsequent details of adventures are far too numerous to describe in detail, so I skip it.Four months later, he sets out another voyage as he is bored with his employment as a surgeon, also as the last chapter of the book.Unfortunately, this time his men conspire against him, and confine him a long time to his cabin, and set him on shore in an unknown island.He comes first upon a race of hideous deformed and savage humanoid creatures to which he conceives a violent antipathy.Shortly thereafter he meets a horse and comes to understand that they call themselves Houyhnhms, and that they are the rulers, while the deformed creatures called Yahoos are human beings in their base form.Nonethele Gulliver has become a member of the horse‟s household, Gulliver, who is ruled as a danger by an Aembly of the Houyhnhnms, is expelled for him a category of Yahoo.Ironically, after his return to his home in England, he finds him hard to reconcile to live among human beings(Yahoos)and becomes a recluse, remaining in his house, avoiding his family and speaking with the horses in his stables several hours a day.Not merely a juvenile literature, the Travels reflects and insinuates current social affairs and realities with a vivid depiction of four legendary adventures of the main character Gulliver, which masterly disclose the social conflicts existing in England over 18th century and harshly criticizepolitical corruption and evil of that time and lash out at the adverse impacts of invasive war and colonialism.Although on the basis of satire on current court and politicians, the book actually transcends the limitation of time and region.Even so, it would be far too simple to describe this as Swift‟snot exclusive intentions, for his critic was far more wide ranging.Bloom, a scholar, describes the Travels as a discuion of human nature, particularly of political man, while Samuel Holt Monk credits it as „a satire on four aspects of man: the physical, the political, the intellectual and the moral‟.Ending with comment of a scholar :„Swift seems to use different methods of realizing his satire from direct allegory of people and places to intentionally structuring the narrative to best highlight contrast‟.From where I stand, it is art of satire byJonathan Swift.My very respect for Jonathan Swift!
