One child policy_onechildpolicy

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On China’s One-Child Policy

During the period of Chairman Mao in China, with the economy development and the improvement of people’s living standard, infant mortality declined from 227/1000 births in 1949 to 53/1000 in 1981, and life expectancy dramatically increased from around 35 years in 1949 to 65 years in 1976.So population was increasing.But the government encouraged families to have as many children as poible because of Mao's belief that population growth empowered the country, more people, more productive power, so the population grew dramatically from around 540 million in 1949 to 940 million in 1976.Beginning in 1970, citizens were encouraged to marry at later ages and have only two children.Although the fertility rate began to decline significantly, future population growth was predicted to be huge.Therefore, in order to prevent overpopulation, the one child policy was announced by Chinese leaders.It was planned in 1977, and it was carried out nationwide in 1979.The one-child policy was introduced to promote one-child families and forbids couples from having more than one child in urban areas.This policy had helped a lot in reducing population.The fertility rate in China fell from 2.63 births per woman in 1980 to 1.61 in 2009 and Chinese government said it had three to four hundred million fewer people in 2008 with the one-child policy, than it would have had otherwise.Along with the reduction of population growth, some social and development problems that may be caused by overpopulation were prevented or modified, for example the burden of social services like health, education, was reduced.What’s more, it had contributed a lot to economic development.The original intent of the one-child policy was economic, to reduce the demand of natural resources, maintaining a steady labour rate, reducing unemployment caused from surplus labor, and reducing the rate of exploitation.It did help.However, the one-child policy also has many disadvantages.First, the forced abortion and its regulation on how many children a family can have are against humanity.Second, the “four-two-one” problem is becoming more and more conspicuous as the policy moves on.The young couple of the family has to support five people including their parents and child, which makes them have too much family burden.Third, since there’s only a child in the family, parents tend to give more love and attention to their child and even over-indulge the child which is really bad for a child’s later development.Fourth, as there is no penalty for twins, so many couples are seeking for medical measures to give birth to twins.It is against nature in some degree, and it may do harm to both the mother and the children.From my point of view, giving birth to children is one of the basic human rights, so people should be able to make a decision by themselves to have how many children.The increase of population in our country may be large but as people’s education being improved, their thoughts are changing.One day, we will move into the western population structure and people are not willing to have children or only have one child.So it will be a matter of time.