海洋的可持续发展_海洋与可持续发展

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1.The ocean, which covers 71 percent of the earth's surface, is a basic component of the global bio-support system.It is also a treasure house of resources and an important regulator of the environment.It is inevitable that the development of human society will come to depend more and more on ocean.2.In the coming 21st century,mankind will have a new opportunities to develop and utilize the ocean.Upholding the principles of the international marine law as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, maintaining the wholesomene of the oceans, protecting the marine environment and guaranteeing the sustainable utilization of marine resources and maritime safety have become common norms for all the people in the world to abide by, and a collective miion for all mankind to undertake.3.As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attached great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state’s development strategy.It is constantly strengthening comprehensive marine management, steadily improving its marine-related laws, and actively developing science, technology and education pertaining to the oceans.China has made positive contributions to international ocean development and protection by participating positively in UN marine affairs, promoting cooperation between countries and regions and conscientiously carrying out its obligations in this field.4.The year 1998 has been designated by the United Nations as the International Ocean Year, and on this occasion the Chinese government would like to introduce the progre of China's work in this particular field to the world.5.China has a population of 1.3 billion.Its amount of land natural resources per capita is lower than the world’s average level.According to the official statistics: China has a land area of 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking the third place in the world, but the land area per capita is only 0.008 square

kilometers, much lower than the world’s 0.3 square kilometers per capita.The annual amount of fresh water resources is 2800 billion cubic meters nationwide in recent years, making it’s the 6th in the world, but the amount per capita is only one fourth of the world’s average level.China has rich land mineral resources, but the amount per capita is le than half of the world’s amount per capita.As a major developing country with a long coastline, China must takemarine exploitation and protection as a long strategic task.before it can achieve the sustainable development of its national economy.6.China has a mainland coastline of over 18000 kilometers, with more than 5000 islands are over 500 square meters, and the island’s coastline is over 14000 kilometers.As the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea defines, China also exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction over the vast continental shelf and exclusive economic zone.Located in medium and low latitudes, China’s sea areas are comparatively advantageous in natural environment and resource conditions.China’ sea area has abundant marine species, of which 20278 species have been identified.Fishing grounds developed in China’s sea areas covered an area of 818,000 square sea miles.The shallow seas and tidelands in China have a total area of 13.33 million hectares.According to the current scientific level, 2.6 million hectares of water surface are suitable for the raising of aquatic products.So far, 938,000 hectares are being utilized for this purpose.Scattered in these offshore waters are more than 30 sedimentation basins, with a total area of nearly 700,000 sq km.It is estimated that there are about25 billion tons of oil resources and 8.4 trillion cubic meters of natural gas in these basins.More than 160 bays are spread along China's coasts, plus the deep-water stretches of coast with a total length of several hundred kilometers.There are over 1500 tourist entertainments along the coastline, which are suitable for marine tourism.China’s sea areas are also rich in sea water resources and regenerable marine energy resources.