How to draft the Conclusion lecture_howtojobshare译文

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9.5 Drafting Your Conclusion

9.5.1 A general introduction to “Conclusion”

 A thesis conclusion should draw the paper to a logical and definite end. The thesis conclusion is often considered the most important. Thesis conclusions come before such thesis components as the appendices

and the bibliography. Thesis conclusions summarize what has been presented in the thesis and

might also make recommendations for future study. Without the thesis conclusion, the thesis is merely a compilation of previous

research and current study results on a particular topic. A conclusion should

 stre the importance of the thesis statement, give the eay a sense of completene, and

 leave a final impreion on the reader.9.5.2 Goals that the conclusion of a thesis should try to achieve

 Talk about whether or not the research project that you undertook achieved

its aims.In order to do so, you should

     Talk about recommendations. the reader a sense of what the future could be like in terms of   Close your thesis paper by summarizing everything that has come before.Try to

 Explain in simple terms the way in which the project ended

 Relate it to the greater environment of the world at large

 Leave the reader with the ability to draw his or her own conclusions from

what you have described.9.5.3 Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

1.There is one kind of conclusion that just restates the thesis and is usually

painfully short.It does not push the ideas forward.People write this kind of conclusion when they can't think of anything else to say.2.Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don't want to give everything away too early in your paper.The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discuion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument(thesis)stated up front.3.Another kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but

while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic.4.Still another kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or

thought of but couldn't integrate into the main paper.9.5.4 Strategies for Writing a Conclusion

Conclusions are often the most difficult part of an eay to write, and many writers feel that they have nothing left to say after having written the paper.A writer needs to keep in mind that the conclusion is often what a reader remembers best.Your conclusion should be the best part of your paper.A.Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion.

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 Return to the theme or themes in the introduction.Synthesize, don't summarize。Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading.Propose a course of action, a solution to an iue, or questions for further study.Point to broader implications.B.Strategies to avoid

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 Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.Including evidence(quotations, statistics, etc.)that should be in the body of

the paper.Some popular ways of concluding a paper:

 Restating the thesis statement

Provides a retrospective view that summarizes the major points in the paper and explains their significance

 The most common type of conclusion

 The main idea is said again but in different words

 Reinforces the main points the writer tries to make in the paper.

 Offering a solution

For a paper which focuses on a problem or several problems, it is a good way to end it by offering some poible solutions. Providing evaluations

The paper can conclude with an evaluation of significant effects, a description and analysis of the results.Hence drive home the key points of the paper. Looking to the future

The paper can conclude with some predictions.To sum up, a conclusion is more than a summary.It should

1)Confirm the thesis sentence and the central miion of your study.If

appropriate, give a statement in support or nonsupport of an original

enthymeme or hypothesis.2)Discu and interpret the findings.Give answers.Now is the time to draw

inferences and to emphasize a theory, and to find relevance in the details

of the results.3)Offer suggestions for action and for new research based on the theoretical

implications of the study.After the thesis conclusion has been drafted, it is always neceary to revise it.Keep these questions in mind while revising the Conclusion:

 Does the conclusion agree with what I said about the theme in the introduction? If your conclusion does not match your introduction, then you must change your conclusion. Have I made reference to the most important points in the paper? If you have left one or more important points out, you should expand your conclusion. Is my conclusion supported by my evidence? If you find that your conclusion is not justified in the body of your paper, you must change your conclusion so that it does not claim more than your paper has demonstrated.