高一英语Module 1 Europe外研社知识精讲.doc_外研社高一英语课本
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高一英语Module 1 Europe外研社
【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容：
Module 1 Europe
教学目标：
本模块介绍欧洲某些国家的名称，首都，语言，著名城市和文艺建筑，要求学生进一步了解欧洲概况，学会表达地理位置，最终能以口笔头形式并借助照片，通过杂志，报刊等媒介综合介绍中国某一区域。
单词：
acro boot continental face range landmark gallery situated symbol located architect
project
sculpture
birthplace civilization ancient opposite sign agreement whereabouts govern head representative parliament region geographical feature produce
短语：
because of be known as ever since in terms of on the other hand little by little
重点词语：
acro continental face architect situated project located opposite sign geographical whereabouts produce because of be known as ever since in terms of on the other hand little by little
词语要点归纳： 1.潜点解读
France is Europe's third largest country and faces the United Kingdom acro the English Channel.法国是欧洲第三大国，它与英国隔海（英吉利海峡）相望。acro（1）from one side to the other横越，这边到那边
①The stream is six meters acro.小溪有六米宽。
②There is a bridge acro／over the river.有一座桥横跨河上。
（2）on the opposite side（of）在对面，另一边
③They live acro（the road）from us.他们住在我们对面（即马路对面）。
（3）so as to cro交叉
④The two lines cut acro each other.这两条线交叉。
联想
（同）opposite prep.&adv.对过，在„„的对面，对面的（联）cro vt.& vi.横过，越过
croing n.跨越，横渡，十字路口
辨析：acro，through，over与past acro表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的； through则表示动作是在某一空间进行的； over指从上方跨越而过；
而past指从某物旁边经过。如：
It winds its way from west to east，acro deserts，over mountains，through valleys，till at last it reaches the sea.它（长城）从西向东，越过沙漠，跨过高山，穿过深谷，蜿蜒而行，最后直抵大海。
注意
past是介词，不可与动词pa相混
We walked past the hospital＝We paed by the hospital.我们从医院旁边经过。2.潜点解读
Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediter-ranean Sea.意大利位于欧洲的南部、地中海沿岸。
位置表示法：
A is／lies on the+方位名词+of+B to in 其中介词in表示A地在B地的内部的某一方向上，介词on则表示两地接壤，介词to则表示两地既不从属于某方，也不接壤，彼此分离。如： Shandong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东位于江苏北部。（接壤）
Shandong is in the east of China.山东位于中国东部。（在范围以内）
Shandong is to the north of Zhejiang.山东省位于浙江省北部。（彼此分离，不接壤）Shenzhen is a quickly developing city.It lies the______ south of Guangdong Province and_____ the north of Hong Kong.A.to；in B.on；to C.in；on D.to；on 3.潜点解读
Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.在法国与西班牙之间有一山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
between„and„在„„和„„中间 Between the noise outside and lack of sleep he couldn't concentrate.由于外面的噪音加上睡眠不够，他无法集中精力。
between France and Spain是表地点的介词短语置于句首，应用完全倒装。又如： On the wall hangs a picture.墙上挂着一幅画。
（2004.广东）Of the making of good books there is no end； neither _______ any end to their influence on man’s lives.A.there is B.there are C.is there D.are there 4.潜点解读
Paris is the capital and largest city of France，situated on the River Seine.巴黎位于塞纳河畔，是法国的首都，也是法国的最大城市。situated adj.坐落某处的，位于某处的I saw a lighthouse situated at the mouth of the river.我看到了位于河口的灯塔。
（注：situated即使省略意思仍相同）
联想
（同）located adj.坐落于某处的（派）situation n.立场，状况，位置
The city ______ the Yangtze River.A.situates on B.is situated on C.situates at D.is situated at 5.潜点解读
It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.它是世界上最美丽的城市之一，并且每年有800多万游客来参观。more than超过，多于。如：
China Daily is more than a newspaper.Also it can help us to improve our English.《中国日报》不仅仅是一份报纸，它还有助于我们提高英语水平。The number of students in our school is more than 7,000.我校有7000多名学生。
短语拓展
le than少于 fewer than少于
more and more越来越„„
the more„the more„越„„则越„„
辨析：not more than与no more than not more than指“不超过”；
no more than指“只，仅仅”。例如：
The little boy is not more than 5 years old.这个小男孩不超过5岁。（最大只有五岁）
The little boy is no more than five years old.这个小孩只有5岁。（言年龄小）
注意 not more than可引申为not+比较级+than；
如：He is not taller than I.他不如我高。
He is not as／so tall as I.no more than也可引申扩展为no+比较级+than 如：He is no taller than I.＝He is as short as I.他和我一样不高。
This book is no more interesting than that one.=This book is as uninteresting as that one.这本书跟那本书一样无趣。
As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，___________.A.the more for life are you equipped B.the more equipped for life you are C.the more life you are equipped for D.you are equipped the more for life 6.潜点解读
The city is also famous for its restaurants，cafes and theatres.这个城市也有着著名的旅馆、咖啡馆和剧院。be famous for be well-known for因为„„而出名
France is famous for its fine food and wine.法国以精美的食物和葡萄酒而闻名。
The town is famous for its fine park.这个城镇以漂亮的公园出名。
短语拓展
be famous as／be well-known as作为„„是出名的 The actor is more famous as a writer.那位演员的作家身份较为有名。
注意
be more famous for／as be better-known for／as 辨析：be famous（for）与be well known 两者都表示“以„„而著名”，属同义词组，用法上稍有差别，前者是褒义词，往往是从好的角度来看，有赞扬、赞赏的意味，后者是中性词，没有这层含义。She is well-known _____ her poem and she is also famous ______ an actre.A.for；for B.as；for C.for；as D.by；for 7.潜点解读
„，which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.„，它是由一位名叫安东尼奥·高迪的建筑师设计的。design（1）to draw the plans for设计，控制 Who designed the Sante Fe Opera House? 圣·菲歌剧院是谁设计的?（2）to develop for a certain purpose or use计划，谋划
The weekend party was designed to bring the two musicians together.这次周末聚会的用意是使两位音乐家见面。
（3）a plan，a drawing计划，图案 I don't like the wallpaper design.我不喜欢这壁纸的花样。
联想
designer n.设计师，设计者 designs n.企图，图谋
designing adj.有阴谋的，有企图的 n.设计，畅想，阴谋 designedly adv.故意地，有计划地
（联）designate v.指示，任命，称呼 designation n.指示（派），任命
短语拓展
be designed for／to do专为„„而做（设置）be intended for／to do专为„„而做（设置）by design故意，有意地 by accident偶然地
（2004·重庆）They see you as something of a worrier, _________ problems which don't exist and croing bridges long before you come to them.A.settling B.discovering C.seeing D.designing 8.潜点解读
Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaiance，a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years.佛罗伦萨是一个意大利城市，它因文艺复兴而出名，文艺复兴是一场文艺运动，它发生在十四世纪，持续了300年。
because of，owing to，thanks to因为，由于 I can't go to school because of sickne.我因病不能上学。
The plane arrived late because of the snowstorm.飞机因暴风雪晚点了。联想
（同）owing to多亏，由于 thanks to由于 due to由于，预定
注意 上述这类结构是复合介词，后接名词或代词，或相当于名词的词，它引导的短语通常作状语表示原因，有时也可用作表语。
辨析：because of与because 尽管because of与because都表示原因，“由于，因为”，但须分清的是，because of相当于一个介词短语，其后跟名词、动名词；而because为一从属连词，后跟一完整句子，构成原因状语从句。这一点初学者必须弄清楚。辨析：because of，owing to，due to，on account of，as a（the）result of与thanks to（1）because of意为“因为，由于”。在句中一般用作状语，可置于句首或句末。如： Because of illne，the boy did not go to schoo1.因为生病，这个男孩没有去上学。
They had to stay at home because of a heavy rain.因为一场大雨，他们只好呆在家里。
注意
很少说：His stay at home was because of the rain.但在“He stayed at home；this was because of the rain.”这一句式中属正常使用。
（2）owing to意为“由于，因为”，在句中通常用作状语，可置于句首或句末。如： Owing to my absence, they had to put off the cla meeting till next week.由于我不在，他们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。
Xiao Wang could not come to the ball, owing to a bad cold.因为得了重感冒，小王没能去打（踢）球。
注意
owing to引导的短语必须是修饰全句的，严格讲，置于句末时应用逗号和主句隔开；而because of可以只修饰主句的一部分，放于句末时不用逗号与主句隔开。
（3）due to意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用作表语或定语，但在很多场合，可与owing to通用，作状语。这一用法在现今英美语中也很流行，但不如owing to那么严谨罢了。如：
He was injured due to（owing to）a car accident.他由于一起汽车事故受了伤。
（4）on account of意为“因„„缘故，由于”，它引导的短语在句中通常作状语，可置于句首或句末。如：
The train arrived late on account of a heavy snow.由于一场大雪火车来迟了。
（5）as a（the）result of意为“由于„„的结果”，一般用作状语。如： As a result of the war the lives of many people were lost.由于战争的缘故许多人丧了命。
（6）thanks to这一短语介词，含有“幸亏、多亏、亏得、依赖、依靠、由于、因为”等意思。它引导的短语，可以表达正面意思（近于原意“感谢”），也可用于讽刺口吻中（近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”）。它引导的短语在句中用作状语时，大多放在句首，但也可以置于句末。如：
Thanks to your help，I paed the test.幸亏有你的帮助，我测验及格了。（正面意思）
Thanks to your rotten idea，we went the long way.多亏了你的馊主意，害得我们跑了不少冤枉路。（反面意思）（2004·北京）_______two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend.A.With B.Besides C.As for D.Because of
语法知识：
一、被动语态的基本用法
当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同关系：主动关系或被动关系。在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为主动语态（the Active Voice）。在表示被动关系时（即主语为动作的承受者时），谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态（the Paive Voice）。在被动结构的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。
被动语态的构成：
被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。1）一般现在时
You're wanted on the phone.有人给你打电话。2）一般过去时
The book was finished last week.这书是上周写完的。
二、主谓一致
主谓一致是指：
1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.（1）并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.is B.was C.are D.were 答案B.注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A、C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词，后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
（2）主谓一致中的靠近原则
1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the cla.2）当either„ or„ 与neither„ nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.（3）谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no le than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.（4）谓语需用单数
1）代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。（用复数也可，意思不变。）
Three weeks was allowed for making the neceary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.（5）指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1）在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right.（一切顺利。）
All are present.（所有人都到齐了。）
2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, cla, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around? 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.（6）与后接名词或代词保持一致
1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2）在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than„ of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
【模拟试题】
一、Turn the following words into English form 1.穿过；横过 ______________ 2.皮靴____________ 3.大陆的；大洲的 ___________ 4.面向；面对______ 5.山脉 _________ 6.美术馆__________ 7.海峡 __________ 8.雅典____________ 9.希腊 __________ 10.葡萄牙__________
二、Turn the following phrases into English form 1.离海岸线不远 _____________ 2.在„„的南部__________ 3.因而出名______________ 4.作为而出名_____________ 5.看起来像_______________ 6.山脉________________ 7.在沿海（海岸上）_________ 8.沿着海岸 _____________
三、Fill in the blanks using the correct form 1.The yellow house f_________ to the road is my new home.2.My friend Mark can speak English, French and S_________.3.Italy looks like a b_____ from the map.4.Mrs Andrews got _____ ______ the taxi and ran a_____ Oxford street.th5.G_______ is the country where the 28 Olympic Games.6.As a mountain climber, he has been on the top of the world famous r_______.四、Choose the best answer 1.Rizhao lies _____the southeast of Shandong Province which lies ______the east of Shanxi Province that is______the west of Hebei Province.A.in, on, to B.in ,to, on C to ,in ,on D.to, in, on 2.Our school, which has 8,000 students, ______on the beach of the Yellow Sea.A.is situated B.situate C.situating D.situation 3.Liqun Department Store is ______right in the center of the city.A.located B.locating C.locate D.be locating 4.When and where to build a new factory ______ yet.A.are not decided B.has not decided C.is not decided D.have not decided 5.Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who ______to visit the museum _______asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning.A.are ,are B.is, is C.are, is D.is, are 6.The number of people invited ______fifty ,but a number of them ______absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;was C was;were D were;were 7.Has every one in your cla paed the driving test? No, ____only Tom and I who _____paed it.A.it was;had B.there is;have C.there were;had D.it is;have 8.He is the only one of the children who _____of others behind their backs.A speaks B speak C is spoken D.says 9.Liu Yang who is a boy in Cla 16 _____elected monitor last term and_____ A.is;was B.was, is C.has been, is D.is, has been 10.Guo Jingming who is a 22 years old college student_____his novel City of Fantasy.A.is known as B.is knowing as C.is known for D.is known 11..Much of the country ______by forests, and wood ______and sold all over the world.A.is covering ,is cut B.covers ,is cut C.is covered, is cut D.is covered ,is cutting 12.Our capital _____a harbor city and it _____its beauty and people such as LiuXie, Ding Zhao hong.A.is known as ,is better known for B.is known for , is better known as C.is known as, is well known for D.is known for , is good known as 13.The Red Army overcame many difficulties during the Long March,____ the snow mountain _____the river and _____the forest.A.over , through ,acro B.over ,acro ,though C.acro ,through ,over D.acro ,over ,through 14.The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _____one as she didn’t want to spend too much money on it.A.the le expensive B.more expensive C.the least expensive D.most expensive
五、Reading
（A）
Every day we go to school and listen to the teacher, and the teacher will ask questions.Sometimes, the clamates will ask your opinions of the work of the cla.When you are telling others in the cla what you have found out about these topics, remember that they must be able to hear what you are saying.You are not taking part in a family conversation or having a chat with friends---you are in a slightly unnatural situation where a large group of people will remain silent, waiting to hear what you have to say.You must speak so that they can hear you---loudly enough and clearly enough but without trying to shout or appearing to force yourself.Remember, too, that it is the same if you are called to an interview whether it is with a profeor of your school or a government official who might meet you.The person you are seeing will try to put you at your ease but the situation is somewhat different from that of a ordinary conversation.You must take special care that you can be heard.1.When you speak to the cla, you should speak ________.A.as slowly as poible
B.in a low voice C.loudly
D.forcefully 2.Usually, when you speak to the cla, the cla is ________.A.noisy B.quiet C.having a rest
D.serious 3.The situation in the cla is _________that in your house.A.not very different from
B.sometimes the same as C.sometimes not the same as D.not the same as 4.If you are having a conversation with an official, the most important thing for you is____.A.to show your ability B.to be very gentle C.to make sure that you can be heard D.to put the official at ease 5.The main idea of this paage is _______.A.that we should talk in different ways in different situations B.that we must speak loudly C.that we must keep silent at any time D.that we must talk with the cla
（B）
Today it seems perfectly natural for us to shake hands when we greet someone or say goodbye.But like so many things that we do without thinking such actions at one time probably represented something.For example, in primitive（原始的）life the hand was used to fight enemies, kill animals, and make spears and tools.So when the hand was extended to someone, it showed that the person was not armed or ready for fight.We know that the hand was an important symbol in early religion, probably as a mark of power.The Greeks prayed to their gods with raised hands.Presenting the hands palm to palm was at one time the way an inferior（身份低的）person paid respect to a superior（身份高的）one.Among the Arabs, it was customary at one time to ki the hand of a superior.Later on, polite Arabs began to resist the efforts of people to ki their hands, and sometimes they would end up shaking hands as each tried to prevent the other from showing this mark of “inferiority（下级）”.The early Greeks held out the right hand when they wished to show friendship to a stranger.So we can see that the hand, and what was done with it, was full of meaning to people down through the ages.And while we shake hands without thinking, we are really carrying on a custom that has been handed down to us from ancient times.6.The second paragraph tells us __________.A.the handshake didn’t mean greeting
B.what hands were used to do in primitive life C.the handshake showed men’s kindne D.the handshake showed nothing 7.Human beings first made their living by________.A.hunting B.fishing C.hand D.farming 8.Among the Arabs, at one time,_________.A.people kied each other whenever they met B.men kied the women whenever they met C.le important person kied more important person’s hand D.more important person kied le important person’s hand 9.Generally speaking, in different countries________.A.people shake hands in the same way B.handshake has different meanings C.strangers never have handshake D.people only use handshake to show friendship 10.The phrase “ hand down” in the last sentence means ________.A.put down
B.leave down
C.give down
D.pa down
（C）
For many years Henry had been a journalist.He had worked on many international newspapers and magazines and traveled all over the world.Henry had witneed wars and natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and erupting volcanoes（火山爆发）.He had reported on serious accidents such as major fires and airline crashes.He had seen every kind of terrible crime and strange event there was.He had met and written about some of the most unusual people in the world.In fact, there wasn’t much that Henry had not seen or done.Now he was retired from journalism（新闻业）.He owned a very expensive restaurant and spent his days talking to his wealthy and important customers.He liked to say that nothing surprised him.One day he was sitting at the bar in his restaurant when a big gorilla walked in and asked for a table.Henry showed no surprise.He took the gorilla to a table and handed him a menu.He treated him politely and pretended there was nothing at all strange about having a gorilla in his restaurant.The gorilla looked through the menu and ordered a salad.Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitrees would be too frightened.At last the gorilla finished his salad and asked for the bill.Henry wrote out the bill and handed it to the big animal.The gorilla studied it, shook his head sadly, then gave Henry fifty dollars.“Thank you”, Henry said, and then to make conversation he added, “We don’t get many gorillas in this restaurant.”
“At fifty dollars for a salad,” the gorilla said, “I’m not surprised.” 11.What does the underlined word “witne” mean? A.to see or notice something by being present when it happens B.to be a sign of C.to tell and prove what happened in court D.to feel unhappy with 12.According to the story, Henry had.A.had the most exciting experiences B.told the tallest stories C.made history D.caused accidents 13.One day when a gorilla came into the restaurant, Henry was.A.very surprised by the gorilla B.not disturbed by the gorilla C.very interested in the gorilla D.scared of the gorilla 14.From the sentence “Henry served the gorilla his salad personally, knowing that his waiters and waitrees would be too frightened” you learn that：.A.His staff were not brave people B.Henry didn’t normally serve customers C.The gorilla had eaten there before D.The gorilla was careful with his money 15.The gorilla was.A.angry with the salad B.still hungry after his salad C.not surprised by the cost of the food D.surprised by the prices
试题答案
一、1.acro 2.boot 3.continental 4.face 5.range 6.gallery 7.channel 8.Athens 9.Greece 10.Portugal
二、1.off the coast 2.in the south of 3.be famous for 4.be famous as 5.look like 6.mountain range 7.on the coast 8.along the coast
三、1.facing 2.Spanish 3.boot 4.out of;acro 5.Greece 6.range
四、1—5 B A A C C 6—10 C D A C B 11—14 C A B C
五、1—5 D B D C D 6—10 B B D C A 11—15 C A D C A
