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高危险性体育项目的安全管理
The Safety Management of High-risk Sports Events--With Mountain Climbing in China as a Case 陶宇平 Tao Yuping 成都体育学院户外运动教研室
Office of Outdoor Sports,Chengdu Sport University 中国四川省成都市武侯区体院路2号 邮编610041 No.2 Tiyuan Road,Wuhou District,Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China Postcode: 610041 电话（手机）：*** Mobile Phone: *** 电子邮箱:taoyuping8848@yahoo.com.cn
E-mail:taoyuping8848@yahoo.com.cn
研究目的：高危险性体育项目是指专业性强、技术要求高、直接关系人身安全且危险可能性发生率较高的的体育项目。高危险性体育项目惊险、刺激，观赏性强，深受广大群众所喜爱，也体现着一个国家一个民族的拼搏精神。可是，一旦危险事故发生必然会带来人员伤亡、财产损失和投资的浪费，甚至会影响到社会的安定团结。
Research Purpose: High-risk sports events refers to strongly profeional and technically demanding sports items,which are directly related to personal safety and have a high incidence of danger.High-risk sports events are thrilling and attractive so they are popular with the maes and also embody the national fighting spirit.However, once an accident happens, it will be bound to result in casualties,property lo and investment waste and will even influence our country's stability and unity.为避免和减少体育事故的发生以及造成的伤害和损失，保证高危险性体育项目安全健康地发展，这就需要逐步建立、完善高危险性体育项目安全保障体系，全面展开预防为主、积极应对、有效救援等各项工作。
In order to avoid and decrease accidents as well as injuries and lo arising from sports,and ensure the sound development of high-risk sports events, the security system of high-risk sports events must be gradually established and improved, and all the work such as focusing on prevention,actively tackling problems and rescuing effectively must be carried out comprehensively.我国的高风险性体育项目起步较晚，但在自然环境中进的登山、攀岩、攀冰、徒步、漂流、探洞、山地自行车、划船等多项独具魅力的高风险性体育项目吸引了越来越多的爱好者和参与者，成为全民健身中日益引人注目的、受欢迎的体育项目。
On the one hand, although high-risk sports events in China start relatively late, a variety of fascinating high-risk sports events such as mountain climbing, rock climbing, ice climbing,hiking,drifting,cave exploring,mountain cycling and rowing have attracted more and more attention of fans and players and have become striking and popular sports items in the nationwide fitne campaign.另一方面，这些体育项目开展中安全事故发生的概率增大，危难事件逐年增加，出现的人员伤亡、财产损失、投资浪费的现象也呈逐年上升趋势。尤其是我国的西部，群山巍峨、山川秀丽、沟壑纵横、江水奔流，是户外运动的天堂，也自然成为了高危险性体育项目山难的多发地区，安全保障问题更成为社会各界日益关注的焦点。本研究以中国登山户外运动为例具有鲜明的典型性。
On the other hand, when these sports events are conducted widely, the accidents rate increases correspondingly,dangerous events increase year by year and there is an upward trend in casualties, lo of property and investment waste these years.Especially the west of China with towering mountains, gullies, torrents and beautiful scenery, is outdoor sports' paradise.So naturally it becomes a major area of accidents brought by high-risk sports events, and subsequently safety and security has been paid more and more attention to.This study taking mountain climbing as a case is conducted with typicality.研究方法： Research Methods: 数据统计法：大量收集检索国内外相关资料；对2000年以来中国的登山户外运动山难事故进行统计分析；对国内2000年前的年相关资料进行对比分析；
Mathematical Statistics: extensively collect related materials at home and abroad;conduct statsical analysis of accidents happening in outdoor events at home since 2000;make a contrastive analysis of related materials at home before 2000
实地调查法：对我国体育事故高发项目和高发地区进行实地调研；访谈老专家，求得他们的指导帮助，交流心得体会，汇总情况；
Field Investigation: investigate and study projects and areas where accidents happen frequently;interview with experienced experts,turn to them for help, communicate and summarize information;实践检验法：将相关理论运用于实践，检验理论的科学性、对策的实效性、方法的可靠性。
Practice Test: put related theories into practice to examine whether these theories are scientific,methods are effective and reliable.归纳总结法：从获得的材料中进行归纳总结，从中探寻事物发展的客观规律；在已掌握的基本规律上演绎、推导产生新的理论，并努力构建理论框架、完善理论体系；
Induction and Summary: sum up the acceible materials to explore the objective law of development of things;deduce new theories on the basis of existing basic laws and seek to construct theoretical frame and perfect theoretical system;研究结果：构建安全保障理论框架，形成安全保障系统，完善应急救援机制
Research Results: construct security theoretical frame ,form security system and improve emergency rescue mechanism 研究结论/研究结论与建议：
Research Conclusions and Suggestions 1．在高危险性体育项目中，事故发生有规律可循，是可以认识的，事故的伤亡率可以降低；In high-risk sports events accidents happen in a regular way and can be foreseen ,so the casualty rate can be reduced.2．系统的高危险性体育项目安全保障的理论、制订相应的对策和措施、迅速有效的应激反应能够为高危险性体育项目提供一定的安全保障，促使我国高危险性体育项目安全健康有序地发展，提升高危险性体育运动项目的发展水平。
The systematized security theory of high-risk sports events, formulated corresponding methods and measures,and quick and effective reaction ,which can provide certain safety and security for high-risk sports events , prompt the safe, sound and orderly development of high-risk sports events in our country and promote the development level of high-risk sports events.
