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A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] SPECIFICATIONS FOR COMPILATION OF GEOLOGICAL REPORTS

FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION AND MINE-CLOSINGSCOPE This document describes the requirements neceary for the acceptance of geological reports of mineral exploration and mine-closing.It includes descriptions of the purpose and content of reports and detail rules and requirements for writing reports.STANDARDIZED CITATIONS  GB/T 12719-1991 SPECIFICATIONS FOR HYDROGEOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION  GB/T 13908-2002 GENERAL RULES OF SPECIFICATION FOR GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF MINERAL  GB/T 17766-1999 CLASSIFICATION FOR MINERAL RESOURCE/RESERVE

 DZ/T 0078-1993 STIPULATION FOR ORIGINAL GEOLOGICAL LOGGING OF SOLID-MINERAL EXPLORATION  DZ/T 0079-1993 STIPULATION FOR COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT AND COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH OF GEOLOGICAL DATA IN MINERAL EXPLORATION THE PROPERTIES AND PURPOSE OF GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION REPORTS OF MINERAL EXPLORATION AND MINE-CLOSING 3.1 The geological exploration report describes the spatial distribution, quality and quantity of the mineral resource/reserve;Discues it's the quality control and degree of confidence;and estimates its economic significance using text and graphical data.The geological exploration report can be used as the foundation for mine construction plans or further exploration.It can also be used as the foundation for examining and commenting on the mineral resource and reserves.3.3 The report mentioned above is also regarded as eential data for the government to manage the mineral resource as well as for research and teaching.THE BASIC RULES FOR THE PREPARATION OF GEOLOGICAL REPORTS OF MINERAL EXPLORATION

4.1 The mineral exploration is divided into four stages as follows: pre-exploration, reconnaiance exploration, detailed prospecting and Advanced exploration.A corresponding geological exploration report must be completed at the end of each stage.Exploration investors evaluate these reports at each sage and decide whether Page 1 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] or not to continue the program.However if a report is not produced at the end of each stage, a detailed report based on overall exploration data must be compiled at the end of the exploration project.For the non-working(Renunciative)exploration block within the exploration lease, the report must be based on previously obtained exploration data.A Geological exploration report based on the obtained data must be compiled even if geological exploration was stopped due to cancellation.4.2 The geological exploration report must objectively, factually and accurately reflect all of the data and results of the exploration activities.4.3 The geological exploration must be combined with feasibility evaluation, and the geological exploration report must include geological exploration and feasibility evaluation.Feasibility study can be divided into three stages as follows: elementary study, pre-feasibility study and feasibility study.Elementary study is directly compiled into report by the exploration team.As far as the pre-feasibility study and feasibility study were concerned, the geological exploration report must quote the key conclusions from the pre-feasibility and feasibility study reports.4.4 It is required that the geological exploration report be pertinent, practical and scientific.Accurate original data and reasonable conclusions are eential to a good geological exploration report.The geological exploration report with charts and tables must be digitized.Computer technology must be used in the evaluation of resource/reserve.It is recommended that computer technology be used to prepare the geological exploration report.4.5 Each stage of the geological exploration program must be conducted according to the requirements of government regulations/specifications.Exploration data must be obtained for each stage.The outline of geological reports attached to this document is suitable only for the detailed exploration stage.For other stages of the exploration project, the exploration report can be adjusted as required but all of obtained data must be reported.REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPILATION OF GEOLOGICAL MINERAL EXPLORATION REPORTS

5.1 The quality of the work and data must be checked and accepted by the exploration investor or by senior company management before the end of geological fieldwork.Any significant problems discovered must be resolved before the completion of geological exploration reports.The preparation of the geological exploration reports cannot commence before the fieldwork is checked and accepted.5.2 Before the completion of the geological exploration reports, the chief editor must prepare an abstract based on appendix A of this document.The chief editor must consider the mineral property, exploration work facts and the requirement from the exploration investors.Any change of the finalized and accepted abstract must get the permiion of the exploration investor first.Page 2 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] 5.3 The chief editor oversees the preparation of the geological exploration report;make the working plan;as well as checking and resolving poible problems to make sure the report can be finished on time.A regular quality-control program must be instituted.5.4 The geological exploration report must contain text, attached tables and appendices.According to the requirements for the busine confidentiality or the requirements of data management of government, the mining leaee can divide the reports into different volumes.5.5 The title of the geological exploration report is standardized as follows: ××Province(City or Municipality)××County（City, Banner, Orefield or Coalfield）××Ore district（Ore block, borefield）××(Mineral type)Deposit××（exploration stage）Report.The accompanying map, map format, map scale etc.will be adopted according to related standard.5.6 Original data obtained during exploration must be pigeonholed according to related technical standards.According to the governmental specification for reserve examination and estimation of mineral resource, the geological exploration report will be submitted for formal examination and comment after preliminary examination.The chief editor must revise the geological reports based on the suggestion arising from the examination and comment report.The copies of approved report must be submitted to the appropriate department in accordance with related specification for geological data management.5.7 The examination and comment report must be attached to the geological exploration reports.Page 3 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version]

Appendix A(Standard appendices)The outline of geological exploration reports for mineral exploration

A.1 Introduction

A.1.1 Exploration Objective and Task A brief presentation of exploration objectives and detailed requirements from exploration investor and the pit planning organization.A.1.2 Location and Acce State the block No;exploration area as well as longitude and latitude of corner points;the position and straight distance to the county-level-city;mine boundary and mining area;current existing or planned railways and roads which pa through or adjacent to the mining area;distance to the nearest station, dock and airport.A.1.3 Physical Geography and Economy of the Exploration Area Characterize he topography and summarize significant geomorphic features, absolute altitude and relative altitude;lowest base level of erosion, waterflow in high-water period and low-water season, as well as highest flood level etc.Based on the representative meteorological data, to state the climatic features, air temperature changes, rainfall, storm intensity, evaporation capacity, relative humidity, wind direction, thunder situation, rainy season, freeze-up and frozen soil layer depth in mining area.Additionally, the geological hazards such as intensity of earthquakes, earth slide and debris flow must be briefly described.Briefly describe the local economy including fuel, electricity power, water supply source, construction material, industry, agriculture, animal husbandry and population etc.Furthermore, water supply source, transmiion-line system of electric power, power supply capacity as well as the distance between the mining area and the water supply source and electric power system.A.1.4 Comment on Previous Work Briefly describe the discovery of the deposit;the geological, geophysical and geochemical work since discovery.Briefly describe previous work including the amount of work and major result obtained;and then make comment on the quality of previous results, exploration and research.The production scale, general situation of production, total mined ore quantity and won resource/reserve.A.1.5 Current Work State the beginning and the end, brief work history, quantity of work completed(shown as insert tables), funds invested/capital, major geological results, deposit type, general geological features, total resource/reserve, earliest producing area of the property and

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[English version] development prospects.Resource/reserve table with the average grade must be inserted in this part of the geological exploration report.A.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY Based on the regional geological investigation data on 1:50000 scale, briefly state the regional structural setting;features and the distribution of major strata, magmatic rocks that are related to deposit genesis;as well as the features and the distribution of main structures related to the deposit.A.3 GEOLOGY OF ORE DISTRICT Detailed description of the strata, structure, magma, metamorphism and alteration of wall rock that influenced the metallogenesis;as well as a description of the ore-hosting layer and the character of the mineralization.A.4 GEOLOGY OF OREBODY/ORE BED A.4.1 Feature of Orebody/Ore Bed General analysis of the features of ore body/bed such as total number of orebodies, total thickne of each orebody, ore-bearing rate, spatial distribution, distribution pattern and correlation.Separately describe the features of major industrial ore body/ bed e.g.ore-hosting rock, dimensional location, configuration(shape), occurrence, length, width, thickne, variability along trend and dip as well as the fault influence after metallogenesis.When a large number of small orebodies are to be described;they may be documented by inserting a table.A.4.2 Ore Property Divide the orebody into zones(oxidized zone, mixed zone and primary zone)according to the ore property, and then separately describe the texture, structure, mineral composition, percentage of economic mineral, as well as the grain size, configuration, distribution modality, crystallizing age, crystallization sequence and coexisting relationship.For the ore, the chemical composition, the content of valuable components, usable components

and harmful components etc.A.4.3 Ore Type and Grade Expatiate the distribution of oxidized, mixed and primary zone.State the ore types, industrial grade and related method/principle for divisiory.For the ore with obvious metallurgical features differing, detailed description must be made for their proportion and spatial distribution.A.4.4 Wall Rock of Ore Body/Bed Page 5 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] State the variety of wall rock in the hanging wall and footwall of major ore bodies/beds, mineral composition;approximate content of usable components, valuable components and harmful components;alteration and the contact relationship with ore body/bed.A.4.5 Metallogeny and Clue for Prospecting Briefly describe metallogeny, ore controlling factors, ore enrichment features and clues for prospecting.A.4.6 Evaluation for Aociated Minerals Evaluate the coexisting minerals and aociated minerals that were explored synchronously.Describe the exploration level, scale, distribution and ore property.A.5 TECHNICAL FEATURES OF ORE PROCESSING A.5.1 Sample type, Sampling Method and Its Representativene Describe the sampling purpose, sampling requirement(including the requirement of variety and quantity from investor or pit planning department), sample variety, sampling method, and quantity of sampling sites.Additionally, describe the representativene in terms of ore type, spatial distribution of samples and sample grade.A.5.2 Experiment Variety, Method and Result Describe the various technical ore-proceing experiments for diversified types of ore;proceing method and mineral dreing method as well as the proceing circuit of experiments.Any results related to the experiments must be described.A.5.3 Evaluation of the Industrial-Utilization-Capability of Ore Based on the results from technical ore-proceing experiments, work out an evaluation for the metallurgical capability and industrial-utilization-capability of the ore;describe the poibility of recycling usable components and the treatment of harmful components;and then put forward a reasonable method to comprehensively utilize coexisting and aociated components.A.6 MINING TECHNICAL CONDITION A.6.1 Hydrogeology A.6.1.1 Simply describe the location of hydrogeological units within the mining area;topography, geomorphy and hydrometeorology;supply, runoff and draining condition of underground water;the lowest base level of erosion of deposit;and the lowest level of draining of shaft.A.6.1.2 Discu the lithology, thickne, distribution and karst fiure of aquiclude or aquifer in the mining influenced area.Describe the water yield property, transmiivity, water head height, water quality, specific water yield, water

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[English version] temperature, water supply condition and relation to adjacent aquiclude;structural fracture zone, weathering fracture zone, development degree, distribution and influence of karst;influence on deposit by surface water and goaf water.A.6.1.3 Predict water yield of pit.Determine water-infilling factors and boundary of hydrogeology.Prepare the hydrogeology model.Select reasonable/appropriate calculation procedure and hydrogeological parameters to calculate the normal water yield and the maximal water yield during different proceing stages;and make a review of the reliability of calculated water yield.Make a recommended water yield for pit planning.A.6.1.4 Evaluation of water supply source.Pre-evaluate pit water draining and poibility of comprehensive utilization;water quality and specific water yield of underground water, surface water, geothermal water and mineral water.Water supply direction must be mentioned if there is no water supply source within mining area.A.6.2 Engineering Geology A.6.2.1 Discu the lithological character, texture type, weathering and alteration degree, physical-mechanical properties;lithology, thickne, distribution, physical-mechanical property and water-physical properties.Prepare a statistics for the PQD value(rock quality designation).Evaluate the features of rock ma.Discu the scale, property, distribution, infillings and degree of cementation for fault/fractured zones that can influence exploitation and working place location.For the underground mines, describe joint scale, joint occurrence, the property of infillings, joint density and defects relationship(bedding, joint fiure, fracture plane etc).Discu the stability of rock ma.Describe the depth of weathering zone and karst zone, as well as the harmful geological phenomena and engineering iues.A.6.2.2 Combine with the poible development plan, comprehensively evaluate the stability of rock in the roof and bottom of ore bodies and engineering geological conditions.Forecast the poible engineering geological problems and put forward methods for the prevention and remedial action.A.6.3 Environmental Geology A.6.3.1 Clarify the earthquake history, earthquake intensity, topographical & geomorphic conditions and features of neotectonic movement.Evaluate the stability of the mining area.Describe currently existing environmental pollution and geologic hazards such as collapse, landslip and debris flow.A.6.3.2 In terms of the poible affect or influence due to physicogeologic proce and mining activities, evaluate the quality of the geological environment of the mining area.A.6.3.3 Prepare a forecast in which an evaluation is made of the poible environmental geological problems that maybe caused by exploitation.Those poible problems include groundwater lowering, mountain/hill chink, landslip, debris flow, land surface lowering/ collapse, pollution of underground water and surface water, radioactive

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[English version] pollution and other harmful-material pollution.Put forward opinions on prevention and remedial action.A.6.3.4(This item only for coal mine)A.6.3.5 For deep-lying deposits and geothermal anomaly deposits;it is neceary to describe the geothermal condition of borefield & deposit;depth, temperature, geothermal gradient and transformation of constant temperature zone;distribution and gradation of high temperature zones;geothermal background;and thermal source.A.6.3.6 For deposit with high radioactive background, it is neceary to discu the radioactive background and change and mark out unwholesome highly radioactive background.A.7 EXPLORATION WORKS AND QUALITY EVALUATION A.7.1 Exploration Methods and Program Planning

Describe exploration types, exploration methods, reasons for choosing specific methods, principles of target selection and program planning.(Numerical computation)Calculate the coefficient of variation for orebody thickne, ore grade, and resource/reserve;otherwise, carry out the analysis by geostatistical methods.Describe the level of quality control and rationality of target selection and program planning.A.7.2 Quality Evaluation of Exploration Programs Describe hole structure, core diameter and reasons for choosing specific core diameter;instruments and philosophy of measurement for the hole azimuth and inclination.Carry out the quality evaluation for the drillhole depth validation, core recovery.Evaluate the method and quality of hole seal.Evaluate the precollar stake and the quality of core management.Simply evaluate the quality of hydrographic observations.Male a quality evaluation for the water sealing and pumping experiment to hydrogeological holes.Evaluate the quality of long-term dynamic observation for underground water.Describe the standard and quality of trenches, drill holes and pitting programs;evaluate their geological results.A.7.3 Quality Evaluation of Topographic Survey and Reconnaiance Geology Survey Simply describe the degree and precision of survey programs;two dimensional coordinates system and altitude system;the method and quality of toposheet drafting.Briefly describe the method and quality of reconnaiance geology survey.A.7.4 Geologic Mapping Work and Quality Evaluation Describe the drafting methods and precision of geological map and cro section.A.7.5 Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Program and Quality Evaluation.Page 8 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] Make a brief description and a quality evaluation of the working methods, work capacity, data treatment methods and geologic interpretation methods of surface geochemical and geophysical exploration.For geological logging;describe working methods, work capacity, geologic interpretation methods, and major results;and then make a quality evaluation.A.7.6 Sampling, Aay and Lithological Determination and Related Quality Evaluation Describe sampling methods, sampling specifications and reasons for choosing specific sampling methods for spectral analysis, bulk analysis, basic analysis and aociation analysis.Describe the working capacity, sample-representativene and system of quality control for results of sampling work.Describe the system of quality control for check aays, and make a quality evaluation.Quality evaluation of lithological determination.For samples of heavy-minerals, individual minerals, isotopic dating and stable isotope analysis, evaluate the quality of sample proceing, analysis and determination.Describe sampling, testing and quality evaluation of water samples and geotech samples.A.8 RESOURCE/RESERVE ESTIMATION A.8.1.Industrial Index of Resource/Reserve Evaluation List the document and related series number for cited industrial index.A.8.2.Reasons for Choosing Specific Method of Resource/Reserve Estimation Discu the rational and basis for the chosen estimation method according to the configuration and occurrence of the orebodies.A.8.3.The Reason for Choosing Specific Parameters for Resource/Reserve Describe the determination, calculation and proceing method for related parameters e.g.acreage, cubage, average grade, block average grade, deposit average grade and average thickne of orebodies.A.8.4 Principle for the Blockout of Orebody or Ore Bed Describe the principle of ore body expansion In terms of geological features of deposit, ore-controlling factors and mineralization character.A.8.5 Claification of Resource/Reserve Claify the resource/reserve by exploration degree, geological reliability, feasibility study, and describe the detailed claification condition and spatial distribution.A.8.6 Estimation Results of Resource/Reserve Describe the estimation results of different kinds of resource/reserve, total resource/reserve, the ratio of different kinds of resource/reserve to total resource/reserve.The estimation Page 9 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] results of resource/reserve can be demonstrated by chart or table inserts.A.8.7 Reliability of Resource/Reserve Estimation Check the estimation results for several blocks by other specific method, and evaluate the reliability in term of checking results.A.8.8 Results of Estimation Method Used in Estimation of the Coexisting or Aociated Minerals A.8.9 Comments(if poible)on Resource/Reserve Estimation

A.9 GENERAL ECONOMICS STUDY OF DEPOSIT EXPLOITATION A.9.1.Discu resource situation, supply and demand, market price and competition ability.A.9.2 Generally describe resource, ore-proceing technical features and technical condition for exploitation.A.9.3 Generally describe water supply, power supply, traffic, material and fuel supply, construction material source and other economic conditions.A.9.4 Simply describe mine scale, mining period and production planning.A.9.5 Simply describe predicted exploitation modality, development modality, mining method, mineral dreing method and circuit.A.9.6 Discu the choice of evaluation method and economic cutoff.A.9.7 Calculation of economic effect and analysis of economic sensibility A.9.8 Simply describe economic benefit, social benefit and environmental protection.A.9.9 Produce an integrated evaluation of the project, determine whether there is investing opportunity or not, whether need to do further exploration etc.A.10 INCLUSION A.10.1 Recapitulative evaluation of the quality control of exploration program as well as the cohesivene and quality of geological report data A.10.2 Sum up the metallogenic disciplinarian and put forward a prospective value for the deposit.A.10.3 Evaluate the mining technical condition and geological environmental iues.A.10.4 Point out the commercial efficiency of deposit exploitation.A.10.5 Sum up the major positive experience and negative experience during the geological program.A.10.6 Put forward related suggestions for future geological exploration.Page 10 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version](Comments: attach photography after conclusion;otherwise, the photography can be binding separately.)

A.11 ATTACHED MAPS A.11.1 Transportation system map A.11.2 Exploration chart showing historical investigations, exploration area and exploration stages with start and finish years.A.11.3 Regional geological map A.11.4 Topographical and geological map(including geological cro section, stratigraphic column, and exploration program location map)A.11.5(This item is invalid)A.11.6 Map of the distribution of control points A.11.7 Geophysical, geochemical exploration and related result map A.11.8 Sampling plan A.11.9 Comparison diagram of ore-bearing strata and ore bed A.11.10 Cro section of exploration lines A.11.11 Longitudinal diagram of ore body/bed A.11.12 Isopach map of ore bed A.11.13 Horizontal cro section or level plan of ore body/bed A.11.14 Chart showing structural controls A.11.15 Ground plan or vertical projection plan of resource/reserve estimation A.11.16 Drill hole columns A.11.17 Sketches of trenches, exploring shafts and adits A.11.18 Map of the distribution of old adits and new adits A.11.19 Geomorphology and quaternary geology map A.11.20 Regional hydrogeology map A.11.21 Hydrogeology map of mining area A.11.22 Engineering geology map of mining area A.11.23 Environmental geology map of mining area A.11.24 Hydrogeology and engineering geology map of drill holes and adits A.11.25 Drill hole hydrogeological experiment result chart

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[English version] A.11.26 Hydrogeology and engineering geology cro section A.11.27 Correlation chart of underground water, surface water, pit water and quantity of precipitation A.11.28 Flow yield calculation chart of pits A.11.29 Water level/preure chart A.11.30 Isopach map of orebody-adjacent-aquifuge A.11.31 Geotech drill hole column A.11.32 Thickne contour map of strong weathering zone A.11.33 Evaluation map of stability of rock ma in levels A.11.34 Zoning map of slope stability of open pit A.11.35 Desquamation calculation and desquamation contour map A.11.36 Isothermal map

A.12 INSERT/ATTACHED TABLE A.12.1 Survey result table(including all kinds of survey work)A.12.2 Drilling quality and hole sealing condition table A.12.3 Sampling and aay results(including all types of analysis and aay);Results of lithological studies such as thin section or whole rock analysis;and heavy-minerals analysis results table A.12.4(Only for coal mine)A.12.5 Rock and ore physical features table, mechanics experiment result table A.12.6 Orebody average grade, average thickne table

A.12.7 Ore avoirdupois and temperature measuring/testing result table A.12.8 Resource/reserve estimation table A.12.9 Block resource/reserve table, orebody resource/reserve table, total resource/ reserve table A.12.10 Drill hole aquifer static level table A.12.11 Drillhole pumping experiment result table

A.12.12 Hydrogeological and engineering geological logging table A.12.13 Dynamic observation of surface water, underground water and pit water A.12.14 Weather data table Page 12 A guide to writing the geological exploration reports

[English version] A.12.15 Weathering zone, fractured zone and thickne of aquifer statistical table A.12.16 flow yield calculation table A.12.17 Water quality analysis result table A.12.18 Soil analysis experiment result table A.12.19 Underground gas testing results table A.12.20 Geothermal survey result table A.12.21 Environmental geological data of mining area

A.13 APPENDIX A.13.1 Experiment report of the technical features of ore proceing A.13.2 Feasibility or pre-feasibility study report A.13.3 Industrial index recommendation report A.13.4 Documents related to choosing industrial index A.13.5 Photocopy of exploration license and exploitation/mining license A.13.6 Certificate declaring validity of the data used in the reports by exploration and exploitation leee A.13.7 Comments on the final report by the investor or senior company A.13.8 Copies of exploration contract, feasibility study contract and supervision contract A.13.9 Busine registration certificate of exploration supervision and supervisor, project supervision report A.13.10 Comments on resource/reserve examination documents from senior company A.13.11 CD with precollar coordinates, downhole survey data, aay results, all survey data and all aay results for trenches, exploration shaft and adit.Page 13