92、93年考研翻译英译汉试题_英译汉教程翻译答案

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1992年考研翻译英译汉试题

“Intelligence” at best is an aumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear.(71)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or claify them.But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems.An intelligence test is a rough

measure of a child’s capacity for learning the kinds of things required in school.It does not measure character，social adjustment，physical endurance，manual skills，or artistic abilities.It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes.(72)To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the aement of the intelligence of any subject is eentially a comparative affair.(73)Now since the aement of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison.It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin.Any test performed involves at least three factors: the

intention to do one’s best，the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do，and the intellectual ability to do it.(74)The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.In school populations in our culture these aumptions can be made fair and reasonable，and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly.Its value lies，of course，in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction.No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test;what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”.(75)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be aumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they poeed.1992年考研翻译英译汉参考译文(全文翻译)

智力充其量只是一个假设性的概念，因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。71）人们对智力所指有哪些不同表现，比对这些表现如何解释或分类，看法更为一致。但是一般认为智力好的人是能够迅速领会思想、区分事物、进行逻辑推理并运用文字和数字符号来解决问题的人。智力测验只是粗略衡量一个儿童的学习能力，尤其是学习学校所要求的不同知识的能力。智力测验并不测定人的品格、社会适应能力、身体耐力、手工技能或艺术才能。智力测试没有这样的任务，因为它并不是为这样的用途而设计的。72）批评智力测试不反映上述情况，就犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。我们要注意的另一件事是，对任何测试对象的智力评估基

本上是比较而言的。73）既然对智力的评估是比较而言的，那么我们就必须确保在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所使用尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。由此而产生一些引起我们关注的问题。进行任何测试至少要包含三个因素：尽力考好测试的意向，了解要做事情所需要的知识，以及做这件事情的智能。74）如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。在我们培养的学生中，上述设想可以公平合理。这就完全证明了智力测试的价值。它的价值当然就在于它给预测提供了满意的依据。没有人会对儿童在测试中所取得分数感兴趣。我们感兴趣的是，我们能否从他们测试的成绩中得出结论：这个儿童与其他年龄相同的儿童相比，在完成我们认为需要“一般智力”的任务时，他会做得更好还是更差。75）总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分

1993年考研翻译英译汉试题

(71)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expreion of the neceary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact

explanation.There is no more difference，but there is just the same kind of difference，between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person，as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales，and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.(72)It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other，differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better，perhaps，if I give you some familiar examples.(73)You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of

induction（归纳法）and deduction，that by the help of these operations，they，in a sort of sense，manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws，and that out of these，by some special skill of their own，they build up their theories.(74)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these procees，and that they have to be

acquired by a sort of special training.To hear all these large words，you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;but if you will not be frightened by terms，you will discover that you are quite wrong，and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays，where the author makes the hero expre unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose（散文）during the whole of his life.In the same way，I trust that you

will take comfort，and be delighted with yourselves，on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy

during the same period.(75)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning，of the very same kind，though differing in degree，as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.1993年考研翻译英译汉参考译文（全文翻译）

71）科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给予精确而严密解释的方法。面包师和卖肉者用普通磅秤称东西时的思维活动与化学家用天平和精密的磕码做复杂分析时的思维活动就只有那么一点区别。72）这并不是说面包师或者卖肉的人所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理和工作方法上有所不同，而是说后者是一种更为精确的仪器，所以在计量上比前者更为准确。

也许，我举一些熟悉的例子，你们就会理解得更深了。73）你们都已经多次听说过，科学家是通过归纳法和演绎法工作的；而且从某种意义上来说，他们依靠这种方法试图从自然界归纳出某些自然规律；然后根据这些规律，用自己某些特殊的本领，建立起他们自己的理论。74）人们认为，普通人的思维活动无法与科学家的思维活动相比，这些思维活动必须通过特殊的训练才能获得。听到这些大字眼，你们可能会认为，科学家的大脑与普通人不同。但如果你们不被这些大字眼吓倒的话，就会发现自己大错特错了，发现自己日常生活中每时每刻都在使用这些可怕的测量工具。

莫里哀的戏剧作品有一则故事，很有名，主人公知道自己一生中说过的话都可以算作散文后，欣喜若狂。同样，我相信你们发现自己一生中一直用归纳法和演绎法工作，会觉得很欣慰的。75）大概这里不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串的思维活动，这些思维活动与科学家探索自然现象的原因时所经历的思考活动在复杂程度上虽然不同，但性质上却是完全相同的。