经济学家解读中央经济工作会议_中央经济工作会议解读

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经济学家解读中央经济工作会议

中国年度中央经济工作会议是个神秘的会议。为期三天的会议不对媒体开放，会上政府领导人说的话也从不对外公布。因此，会后国有媒体上发表的会议公报常常会被外界仔细研读，以便找出未来政策走向的蛛丝马迹。中央经济工作会议据信是中国领导层最重要的经济决策会议。

今年会议释放出的主要信息是，向公众保证通过银行贷款和政府支出刺激经济的政策会继续下去。不过，会议也发出这样的信号──政府将采取比今年更严厉的措施限制刺激计划带来的任何过度现象。对文件进行了研读之后，会发现政府的政策在几个具体领域发生了变化。以下列出了分析人士们认为会议揭示的政府要优先考虑的新问题：

遏制通胀

会议提到商品房供给和农业产能的扩大，暗示政府可能会主要依靠供给相关政策来限制资产价格和农产品价格的上涨。尽管这些措施长期来看应会发挥成效，却不太可能阻止短期内价格的上涨。

──中国国际金融有限公司，哈继铭

调整支出重点

他们希望把中国V型复苏变成更均衡、更坚实的增长。此外，把刺激支出的重点从新增建设转向教育和医疗，这被视为是实现这一目标的重要方法。如果中国国内生产总值(GDP)增速超过10%、通货膨胀超过3%，政府将会加大政策调整的力度。──汇丰银行(HSBC)，屈宏斌

刺激消费

现行的家电和汽车下乡增值税补贴会继续下去，同样，对二手车“以旧换新”的补贴也会继续，这和市场预期一致。政府还将继续增加对低收入人群的退休金和收入补贴。我们认为还会推出更多的措施，形式可能包括普遍涨工资、退休金覆盖面扩大、鼓励服务性消费。这符合我们的预期，我们认为2010年家庭消费的增长将好转。──瑞士银行(UBS)，汪涛

住房保障措施

在出口行业增长恢复到一定水平之前，政府尚未准备采取严厉措施给房地产市场降温。──德意志银行(Deutsche Bank)，马骏

鼓励城镇化

户籍制度将部分放宽（但不会取消），以便加快城镇化的步伐。我们认为，在通常是定大方向的中央经济工作会议上宣布这样一项具体的积极政策调整值得欢迎。我们认为，这不会造成农村居民立刻大量流入城镇。相反，我们认为，短期内，这更多的是赋予已经住在城镇的农村流动人口永久居住权，让他们可以享受城镇居民的福利，比如医疗和教育。长远来看，政策的调整很可能会推动城镇化过程；城镇化是30年来推动中国经济增长的最重要的大趋势之一。

──高盛(Goldman Sachs)，宋宇和乔虹

避免政策走向急转

公报提到有必要调整增长结构的平衡，这是积极的信号。公告中没有提到愿意容忍GDP增速放缓，也没有提到推出更切实的经济改革。

──苏格兰皇家银行(Royal Bank of Scotland)，贝哲民(Ben Simpfendorfer)

China's annual Central Economic Work Conference, supposedly the leadership's most important gathering for decision making on the economy, is a mysterious event.The three days of proceedings are closed to the pre, and what government leaders say there is never disclosed.So the communiqué that is published afterward in the state media is always closely read for hints of what policies may be on the way.(The full text of the Chinese-language communiqué can be read here.)

The main meage this year was to reaure the public that policies to stimulate the economy through bank lending and government spending would continue.That reaurance, however, was mixed with signs that the government would take a tougher line than this year on any excees from the stimulus.And a close reading of the document shows some shift in government policies in several specific areas.Here's a summary of what analysts think the conference revealed about these new priorities:

Controlling inflation.'The conference mentioned the expansion of commercial housing supply and agricultural production capacity, implying it may rely primarily on supply policies to rein in the growth of aet prices and agricultural product prices.While these measures should be effective in the long run, they are unlikely to prevent prices from rising in the short term.'Qu Hongbin, HSBC.Stimulating consumption.'The current VAT subsidies on home appliances and small automobiles to rural areas will continue, as will the 'cash for clunkers' deal, in line with market expectations.The government will also continue to increase pension and income subsidies to the poor.We think additional measures could come in the form of a broad-based wage increase, an expansion of pension coverage, and the promotion of services consumption.These are in line with our forecast that the growth of household consumption will pick up in 2010.'Jun Ma, Deutsche Bank

Encouraging urbanization.'The family registration system will be partially relaxed(though not abolished)to speed up the pace of urbanization.We believe the announcement of such a concrete positive policy change like this at an otherwise often tone-setting conference should be welcomed.We do not think this will lead to an immediate and large movement of rural residents to cities.Instead, over the short term, we see it more as about granting rural migrants who are already living in cities the right to live there permanently and enjoy the benefits of urban residents, such as healthcare and education.Over the longer term, this change will likely facilitate the urbanization proce which has been one of the most important mega trends driving growth over the past three decades.'Ben Simpfendorfer, Royal Bank of Scotland.-Andrew Batson

* Andrew Batson, * Central Economic Work Conference, * GDP