四级精读强化_四级精读
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Paage 1
Sporting activities are eentially forms of hunting behavior.Viewed biologically, the modern foot-baller is in reality a member of a hunting group.His killing weapon has turned into a harmle football and his prey into a goal-mouth.If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey.To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look back at our forefathers.They spent over a million years evolving as cooperative hunters.Their very survival depended on succe in the hunting-field.Under this preure their whole way of life, even their bodies, became greatly changed.They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers.They cooperated as skillful male-group attackers.Then about ten thousand years ago, after this immensely long period of hunting their food, they became farmers.Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, was put to a new use-that of controlling and domesticating their prey.The hunt became suddenly out of date.The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs.The risks and uncertainties of the hunt were no longer eential for survival.The skills and thirst for hunting remained, however, and demanded new outlets.Hunting for sport replaced hunting for neceity.This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation.Instead the sportsmen set off to test their skill against preys that were no longer eential to they survival.To be sure, the kill may have been eaten but there were other simpler ways of obtaining a meaty meal.1.The author uses the example of the football game to tell us ____.A)sporting activities are forms of biological developments
B)the difference between sports and hunting
C)the reason why man used to go in for hunting
D)sporting activities have actually evolved from hunting 来自
2.In hunting what is equivalent to a goal-mouth in football match is ____.A)a killing weapon
B)a hunting field
C)a prey
D)a member of a hunting group
3.According to the author, our ancestors survived as hunters for over a million years basically through their ____.A)common sense
B)cooperation
C)farming knowledge
D)adventures
4.The world “activity”(Line 2, Para.5)refers to ____.A)sporting activities
B)domesticating wild animals
C)growing crops
D)hunting
5.Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this paage?
A)Sporting activities satisfy the desire of modern men to practice hunting skills which the forefathers developed for survival.B)It is farming that brings human into close contact with nature.C)Sporting activities are vital to human existence because they excuse humans from risks and uncertainties.D)It is farming that makes hunting completely out of date and unneceary.There has been a lot of unfair and biased criticism of families who welcome foreign students into their homes.I should like to tell you of my own personal experiences, which are not so different from my neighbors’ experience, I might add.A host family is sent students by school or college and their homes are regularly inspected by the accommodation staff.If a home is below the required standard, the family is removed from the school’s accommodation list.Apart from this, the host family is obliged to follow certain rules, as laid down by the school.The problem is that the host family cannot inspect students or refuse to accept the ones who look dirty, unreliable or noisy.And they don’t seem to follow any rules at all in their behavior to the host family.We are often treated like servants or hotel staff, which is rude and bad manners.The fee paid to a host family only just covers the actual cost of providing meals etc.A hoste is lucky to make more than a pound or two “profit” on each student.One has to remember that she has to wash their clothes, allow them to have hot baths, pay for their lighting and the heating in their bedrooms, and cope with damage to furniture, bedding and carpets.Another thing is that most of them do not want to be part of the family.They prefer to be out with other students causing annoyance to local residents in the town center.They remain in their bedrooms all morning and afternoon if they can, resting before the evening so that they can go out until the early hours of the morning.Bedrooms like pigsties(猪圈).Food, empty bottles and waste paper all go under the bed.When taken to task the reply is invariably that they don’t understand or that the school has told them they may do as they wish.Not only that, but we have to put up with their complaints about the food, the weather and even our TV programs.It’s time foreign students were taught to be polite and to behave properly, as well as how to speak English!
1.The author’s attitude towards foreign students as mentioned in the paage is ____.A)critical
B)questioning
C)approving
D)objective
2.By “biased”(Line1, Para.1)the author means ____.A)supreme
B)partial
C)preferableD)prejudiced3.Which of the following is mentioned in the second paragraph?A)The accommodation standard is set up by the staff of a hotel
B)A host family usually has no alternative but to accept the student aigned
C)A student is sometimes treated rudely, like a servant
D)A host family may reject any student candidate who looks undesirable
4.The paage tell us ____.A)foreign students keep good terms with their hostees
B)foreign students come to stay with their host families to learn English
C)a hoste does not make much profit because she has to buy new furniture
D)the local TV programs are very popular among foreign students
5.The main purpose of the author in writing this paage is ____.A)to criticize foreign students for not sharing housework with their hostees
B)to suggest that a new accommodation standard be laid down
C)to complain about the irresponsibility of foreign students
D)to give an account of his personal experiences with foreign students
Paage 3
In 1993.New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage(饮料)containers.Within a year.Consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and gla and plastic bottles.Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and gla as raw materials for new products.But because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场).The problem was not limited to New York.Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled(回收利用)in the United States.The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies acro the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish.A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value.Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depre prices for used materials.Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling.In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option.For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $100 per ton.Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.1.What regulation was iued by New York State concerning beverage containers?
A)Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles
B)Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C)A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D)Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.2.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to ________.A)end up somewhere underground
B)be turned into raw materials
C)have a second-life value
D)be separated from other rubbish
3.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is ________.A)to sell them at a profitable price
B)how to turn them into useful things
C)how to reduce their recycling costs
D)to lower the prices for used materials
4.Recycling ahs become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because ________.A)local governments find it easy to manage
B)recycling ahs great appeal for the joble
C)recycling causes little pollution
D)other methods are more expensive
5.It can be concluded from the paage that ________.A)rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials
B)local governments in the U.S.can expect big profits from recycling
C)recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally
D)landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal
Priscilla Ouchida’s “energy-efficient” house turned out to be a horrible dream.When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three-bedroom home in California.Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks, the house was equipped with small double-paned(双层玻璃的)windows and several other energy-saving features.Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however.Priscilla’s eyes burned.Her throat was constantly dry.She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep.It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illne.Experts finally traced the cause of her illne.The level of formaldehyde(甲醛)gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers.The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall-to-wall carpeting.The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nation’s drive to save energy.The problem itself isn’t new.“The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along,” says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland.“Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases.”
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones.Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didn’t worry much about unsealed cracks.Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour.As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom build up to dangerous levels.1.It can be learned from the paage that the Ouchidas’ house ________.A)is well worth the money spent on its construction
B)is almost faultle from the point of energy conservation
C)failed to meet energy conservation standards
D)was designed and constructed in a scientific way
2.What made the Ouchidas’ new house a horrible dream?
A)Lack of fresh air.B)Poor quality of building materials.C)Gas leakage in the kitchen.D)The newly painted walls.3.The word “accentuate”(Line 4, Para.3)most probably means “________”.A)relieve
B)accelerate
C)worsen
D)improve
4.Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?
A)Because indoor cleanline was not emphasized.B)Because energy used to be inexpensive.C)Because environmental protection was given top priority.D)Because they were technically unavoidable.5.This paage is most probably taken from an article entitled “________”.A)Energy Conservation
B)Houses Building Crisis
C)Air Pollution Indoors
D)Traps in Building Construction
