Hot topic2_百变hot
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十八届三中全会双语辞典
中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议，于2013年11月9日至12日在北京举行。全会听取和讨论了习近平受中央政治局委托作的工作报告，审议通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》。习近平就《决定（讨论稿）》向全会作了说明。
指导思想（guidance）：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导（to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development）。
总目标（general objective）：完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化（to improve and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics and push on with modernization of the country's governing system and capabilities）。
时间表（timetable）：到2020年，我国在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果，形成系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型（Decisive results must be achieved in key sectors, and a well-developed, scientific, procedure-based and effective framework must be in place by 2020 to ensure institutions in all sectors be more mature）。
改革重点（key of the reform）：经济体制改革时全面深化改革的重点，核心是处理好政府和市场的关系，使市场在资源配置中发挥决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用（Economic reform is key, and the core solution is the proper relationship between the government and the market, leaving the market to play the decisive role in allocation of resources）。
新设机构（newly established institutions）：中央全面深化改革领导小组(a central leading team for “comprehensively deepening reform”)，负责改革总体设计、统筹协调、整体推进、督促落实(in charge of designing reform on an overall basis, arranging and coordinating reform, pushing forward reform as a whole, and supervising the implementation of reform plans)；国家安全委员会（state security committee），完善国家安全体制和国家安全战略，确保国家安全(improving systems and strategies to ensure national security)。
改革要点（main points of the reform）：
1.坚持和完善基本经济制度(to keep to and improve the basic economic system)：增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力(to enhance the vitality of the state-owned sector of the economy and its capacity to leverage and influence the economy)，激发非公有制经济活力和创造力(Development in the non-public sector will be encouraged which will in turn stimulate vitality and creativity in the whole economy)。
2.加快完善现代市场体系(to speed up the improvement of modern market system)：完善主要由市场决定价格的机制(to improve the market price mechanism)。
3.加快转变政府职能(to speed up the transformation of government functions,)：建设法治政府和服务型政府(to establish a law-based and service-oriented government)。
4.深化财税体制改革(to deepen the reform of fiscal and tax system)：完善立法、明确事权、改革税制、稳定税负、透明预算、提高效率(to improve related legislation, ascertain government bodies' responsibilities, reform the taxation system, stabilize tax burden, ensure budgeting is transparent and efficiency improved)。
5.健全城乡一体化体制机制(to improve institutions and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban and rural development)：赋予农民更多财产权利(to grant farmers more property rights)，推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置(to enhance equal exchange of factors of production between urban and rural areas and balance allocation of public resources between them)。
6.构建开放型经济新体制(to build a new open economic system)：放宽投资准入，加快自由贸易区建设（to relax investment acce and speed up construction of free trade zones)。
7.加强社会主义民主政治制度建设(to improve the construction of socialist democratic political system)：发展基层民主(to develop graroots democracy)。8.推进法治中国建设(To build China under the rule of law)：确保依法独立公正行使审判权检察权(to ensure independence and fairne in prosecuting bodies and courts under the rule of law)。
9.强化权力运行制约和监督体系（to strengthen the restriction and supervision system of power operation）：健全惩治和预防腐败体系，建设廉洁政治，努力实现干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明(to improve the establishment of a system of combating corruption through both punishment and prevention, promote political integrity and see to it that officials are honest, the government is clean, and political integrity is upheld)。
10.推进文化体制机制创新(to promote innovation in cultural institutions and mechanisms)：完善文化管理体制，建立健全现代文化市场体系(to improve the cultural management system and establish a modern cultural market system)。
11.推进社会事业改革创新(to accelerate reform and innovation in social sectors)：深化教育领域综合改革，健全促进就业创业体制机制，建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度，深化医药卫生体制改革(to deepen overall education reform, improve the institutions and mechanisms of employment and starting busine, build a fairer and more sustainable social welfare system, deepen reform of the medical and health system)。
12.创新社会治理体制（to innovate the social management system）：创新有效预防和化解社会矛盾体制(to innovate a system that can effectively prevent and solve social contradiction)。建立国家安全委员会(to establish the state security committee)。
13.加快生态文明制度建设(to speed up the building of ecological civilization system)：实行资源有偿使用制度和生态补偿制度(to establish a system of compensation for the use of natural resources and the subsequent impact on the ecosystem)。
14.深化军队和国防改革(to deepen the reform of army and national defense)：深化军队体制编制调整改革(deepening reform of army establishments, pushing forward army policy adjustments)。
15.加强和改善党对全面深化改革的领导（the CPC must strengthen and improve its leadership in comprehensively deepening reform）：中央成立全面深化改革领导小组(The Communist Party of China(CPC)will set up a central leading team for “comprehensively deepening reform”)。
6.中国宣布划设东海“防空识别区”
China has established its first air defense identification zone in accordance with Chinese law and international practices to safeguard its sovereignty, the Ministry of National Defense announced on Saturday.中华人民共和国国防部周六宣布，中国根据中国法律和国际惯例划设首个防空识别区，以捍卫国家主权。
Air defense identification zone（ADIZ）就是“防空识别区”，指一国基于空防需要所划定的空域，目的在于为军方及早发现、识别和实施空军拦截行动提供条件。此次划设的东海防空识别区的全名为East China Sea Air Defense Identification Zone。
国防部声明规定了东海防空识别区航空器识别规则（Aircraft Identification Rules），位于东海防空识别区飞行的航空器，必须提供以下识别方式：飞行计划识别（flight plan identification）、无线电识别（radio identification）、应答机识别（transponder identification）、标志识别（logo identification）。
中国公布划设东海防空识别区后，中国空军进行了首次空中巡逻（air patrol）。此次空军出动两架大型侦察机（large scout）执行空中巡逻任务。同时，出动了预警机（early warning aircraft）和多型战斗机（fighter），实施支援掩护和指挥保障。
7.上海自由贸易试验区 Shanghai pilot free trade zone China will officially launch the pilot free trade zone in Shanghai on Sept 29, taking a solid step forward to boost reforms in the world's second-largest economy.中国将于9月29日正式挂牌成立上海自由贸易试验区，朝着改革的方向迈出了坚实的一步。
Shanghai pilot free trade zone（上海自由贸易试验区）总面积近29平方公里，范围涵盖上海市外高桥保税区（Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone）、外高桥保税物流园区（Waigaoqiao Free Trade Logistics Park）、洋山保税港区（Yangshan Free Trade Port Area）和上海浦东机场综合保税区（Pudong Airport Comprehensive Free Trade Zone）等4个海关特殊监管区域。自由贸易试验区内的外商投资企业（foreign-funded enterprises）、中外合资企业（Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures）以及中外合作企业（Chinese-foreign contractual joint ventures）将暂停行政审批（administrative approval），改为备案制度。
有关自由贸易区的英文表述，我们通常会看到free trade zone(FTZ)和free trade area(FTA)。这两者的区别是：free trade zone(FTZ)是根据本国（地区）法律法规在本国（地区）境内设立的区域性经济特区，区内贸易政策由本国（地区）自行制定；而free trade area(FTA)则是根据多个国家（地区）之间协议设立的包括协议国（地区）在内的经济体，协议成员之间的贸易往来可享受一定的优惠政策，而这些优惠政策需各方共同协商制定。因此，商务部等部门2008年专门提出将FTZ和FTA分别译为“自由贸易园区”和“自由贸易区”，以示区分。
8.我国将“渐进式延迟退休年龄” Raising the retirement age in progreive steps
Raising the retirement age in progreive steps is in line with China's labor market realities and should be prioritized, an official said Tuesday.一位官员周二称，渐进式延迟退休年龄与我国劳动力市场的现状是相符合的，并且应该优先实现。
“渐进式延迟退休年龄”的英文表达是raising the retirement age in progreive steps，或者progreively raising the retirement age。推行这一政策，一是考虑到现在国民的life expectancy（预期寿命）延长了，而且average intensity of labor（平均劳动强度）也比以前小多了。
2012年，中国的size of working population（劳动人口规模）首次出现了下降。中国的劳力成本低一直是传统的竞争优势，但现在shrinking labor pool（缩水的劳动力储备）使这一demographic dividend（人口红利）开始消退。
9.月球车“玉兔” Moon rover Yutu
China launched the Chang'e-3 lunar probe with the country's first step toward deep space exploration.moon rover aboard early on Monday, marking a significant 周一凌晨，中国发射了承载首辆月球车的嫦娥三号月球探测器，这标志着我国向深空探测又迈进了重要的一步。
Moon rover就是“月球车”。看过英国电影《月球》的人都会很熟悉月球车，片中的主角宇航员每天都要开着月球车行驶在月球表面进行探测。不过中国此次送往月球的是一辆无人驾驶车，名字叫“玉兔”。
携带“玉兔”月球车的嫦娥三号探测器将是我国首个soft land on the surface of an extraterrestrial body（在地外天体软着陆）的宇宙飞船，也是本世纪发射的首个moon lander（登月舱）。
嫦娥三号顺利进入earth-moon transfer orbit（地月转移轨道），为manned lunar orbit miion（载人绕月飞行）和manned lunar landing（载人登月）打下坚实基础。
钓鱼岛是中国的固有领土
Diaoyu Dao, an Inherent Territory of China
钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是中国领土不可分割的一部分。无论从历史、地理还是从法理的角度来看，钓鱼岛都是中国的固有领土，中国对其拥有无可争辩的主权。Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands are an inseparable part of the Chinese territory.Diaoyu Dao is China's inherent territory in all historical, geographical and legal terms, and China enjoys indisputable sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao.日本在1895年利用甲午战争窃取钓鱼岛是非法无效的。第二次世界大战后，根据《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》等国际法律文件，钓鱼岛回归中国。无论日本对钓鱼岛采取任何单方面举措，都不能改变钓鱼岛属于中国的事实。长期以来，日本在钓鱼岛问题上不时制造事端。2012年9月10日，日本政府宣布“购买”钓鱼岛及附属的南小岛、北小岛，实施所谓“国有化”。这是对中国领土主权的严重侵犯，是对历史事实和国际法理的严重践踏。
Japan's occupation of Diaoyu Dao during the Sino-Japanese War in 1895 is illegal and invalid.After World War II, Diaoyu Dao was returned to China in accordance with such international legal documents as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation.No matter what unilateral step Japan takes over Diaoyu Dao, it will not change the fact that Diaoyu Dao belongs to China.For quite some time, Japan has repeatedly stirred up troubles on the iue of Diaoyu Dao.On September 10, 2012, the Japanese government announced the “purchase” of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated Nanxiao Dao and Beixiao Dao and the implementation of the so-called “nationalization”.This is a move that groly violates China's territorial sovereignty and seriously tramples on historical facts and international jurisprudence.中国坚决反对和遏制日本采取任何方式侵犯中国对钓鱼岛的主权。中国在钓鱼岛问题上的立场是明确的、一贯的，维护国家主权和领土完整的意志坚定不移，捍卫世界反法西斯战争胜利成果的决心毫不动摇。
China is firmly opposed to Japan's violation of China's sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao in whatever form and has taken resolute measures to curb any such act.China's position on the iue of Diaoyu Dao is clear-cut and consistent.China's will to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity is firm and its resolve to uphold the outcomes of the World Anti-Fascist War will not be shaken by any force.一、钓鱼岛是中国的固有领土
二、日本窃取钓鱼岛
三、美日对钓鱼岛私相授受非法无效
四、日本主张钓鱼岛主权毫无依据
五、中国为维护钓鱼岛主权进行坚决斗争 I.Diaoyu Dao is China's Inherent Territory II.Japan Grabbed Diaoyu Dao from China III.Backroom Deals Between the United States and Japan Concerning Diaoyu Dao are Illegal and Invalid IV.Japan's Claim of Sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao is Totally Unfounded V.China has Taken Resolute Measures to Safeguard its Sovereignty over Diaoyu Dao
