虚拟语气的基本用法_虚拟语气的几种用法
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虚拟语气的基本用法。
一、虚拟语气的使用范围：
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。
二、虚拟语气的判断：
1.if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句，反之为非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种：
(1)与过去事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”，主句用“should(would, could, might)+ have + 过去分词”。例如：
If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.如果昨天没有下大雨，我们就能玩网球了。
(2)与现在事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用过去式，系动词用were，主句的谓语用“should(would, could, might)+ 动词原形”。例如：
If I were in your position, I would marry her.如果我是你，我就娶她为妻。
(3)与将来事实相反的假设。结构为：从句的谓语动词用“should(were to)+ 动词原形”，主句用“should
(would, could, might)+ 动词原形”。例如：
If you should mi the chance, you would feel sorry for it.如果你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
(1)wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气：根据从句的意义来判断。
A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如：
I wish they were not so late.要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。
B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如：
I wished he hadn't done that.我真希望那件事不是他做的。
(2)表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，其中should 可以省去。例如：
I insisted that he(should)go with us.我坚持让他和我们一起去。
注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。例如：
He insisted that she was honest.他坚持认为她是诚实的。
3.主语从句中的虚拟语气。
(1)It be + 形容词 + that...(should)...。用于该句型的形容词有：neceary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising等。例如：
It's natural that he should feel hurt.他感到疼是很正常的。
(2)It be + 过去分词 ＋ that...(should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如： desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。例如：
It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month.真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。
(3)It is time(about time / high time)that...+(过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如：
It is high time I went home now.= It is high time I should go home.我该回家了。
(4)表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气，其谓语动词为：should + 动词原形，连接从句的that不能省略。例如： My suggestion is that we should go there at once.我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。
4． 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。这时，如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如：
If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend.→ Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend.如果她早到五分钟，她就会看见她的老朋友了。
（3）虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如 If I were you, I should study English.一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下：
从句（条件句）
主句（结果句）
与现在事实相反的假设
动词过去式
Be一般用were Should Would +动词原形
Could Might
与过去事实相反的假设
Had +分词 Should Would + have+ 过去分词
Could Might
与将来事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小 1）should+ 动词原形
2）were to+动词原形 Should Would + 动词原形
Could Might
例如：If he were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二.错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。
If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.三．含蓄条件句
1.有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。
如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.2.假设的条件通过上下文表现出来。
I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day.Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.3.表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。
（1）省去条件从句 You could have washed your clothes yourself.（你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事实是：你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。）
（2）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me!(如果我的祖母和我在一起多好啊！)事实是：祖母已不在世。
四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
① “wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；
表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；
表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。如：
I wish I were better-looking.要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。
I wish I had met the film star just now.我要是刚才遇到那位电影明星该多好啊！
I wish I would be a solider.我想当一名军人。
【考例】
How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden!(上海 2002春)A.has B.had
C.will have D.had had 【答案】B。
② 在表示建议、要求、愿望、命令、坚持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等动词后面的宾语从句，或这些动词的同源名词后面所跟的同位语从句或表语从句中，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，其中在美国英语中，should常省略。如：
The young man insisted that I(should)go with his fellows.这个年轻人坚持要我同他的同伴们一起去。
The doctor advised that he change his job.医生建议他换工作。
【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.(福建 2010)A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustn’t allow D.couldn’t allow 【答案】A。
③ 在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常常用过去时来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：
— Shall I open the window? 我可以把窗户打开吗? — I’d rather you didn’t.我觉得还是不要。
【考例】
George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he more on its culture.(江苏2010)A.focus B.focused
C.would focus D.had focused 【答案】B。
④ 在It is +形容词(important, neceary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising)+that从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。如：
It is natural that she(should)do so.很自然她应该这样做。
【考例】
— Don’t you think it neceary that he to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is he has refused to.(江苏2005)A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that
C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 【答案】B。
五、虚拟语气在状语从句中的应用 1.if only的条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所接虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同。如：
If only the player had had more courage!这位选手再多有一些勇气就好了。
If only Daisy would go with me!黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!【考例】
Look at the trouble I am in!If only I your advice.(上海 2003春)A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 【答案】C。
2.as if(as though)方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。
(1)as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。
当说话者所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：
It sounds as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。
(2)as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况。
当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：
① 从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：
He talks as if he knew where she was.他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。
② 从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。如：
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.他说起罗马来好像他以前去过似的。
③ 从句表示将来发生的可能性不大，谓语动词用“would(could, might)＋动词原形”。如：
It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
3.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）以in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语多用could/might+动词原形，在口语中常用can/could+动词原形
She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用（should）+动词原形。
She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.六．其他形式的虚拟语气
1.It’ s time that句型中的虚拟语气
在It’ s time that句型中，从句谓语通常用一般过去时或should+动词原形(should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该做某事了”。如：
It’s high time that we were off.是我们该走的时候了。
2.在would/had rather, would(just)as soon, would sooner和 would prefer结构中，也用虚拟语气。共同特点是：从句中动词用一般过去时，表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时，则表示过去的情况。
I’d rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had told me the truth yesterday.I would rather have bought the dictionary.3.表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它”。如：
May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风！
May your youth last forever!祝你青春永驻！
■强化训练■
1._______ more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree.A.If the driver were
B.Had the driver been
C.Should the driver be
D.If the driver would have been 2._______the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday.A.In spite of
B.But for
C.Because of D.As for
3.Look at the terrible situation you are in!If only you_______ my advice!
A.listen to
B.would listen to C.had listened to
D.have listened to
4.Had Henry received two more votes in the last election, he _______our monitor now.A.must have been B.would have been C.were
D.would be 5.If the athlete won today, he_______ eight races in a game.A.would have won B.won
C.must have won
D.did have won
6.It is time that our mayor _______ measures to protect the poor in the street.A.takes
B.took
C.has taken
D.taking 7.If I had read the report, I _______ you all about it now.A.would tell
B.will tell
C.have told
D.would have told 8.— It’s a pity you didn’t won the competition.—_______I had had more practice.A.If only B.As if C.If not D.As with Key: 1-5 BBCDA
6-8 BAA
as if 从句用虚拟语气，当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时......
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if的用法：表示条件，意思是如果；表示虚拟，意思是假如；表示是否的含义，和whether相同用法，连接宾语从句。扩展资料具体用法：1.(表示条件)如果 ,主句用将来时,if从句用现在时表示将来He......
一、考查虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法是其最基本的用法，也是高考最可能涉题的用法。为了便于理解和记忆，我们虚拟语气在虚拟条件从中的用法分为三类......
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