【听力原文+精校译文】THE MAKING OF A NATION #010 The French and Indian War_九年级听力原文及翻译

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THE MAKING OF A NATION #10-The French and Indian War VOICE ONE: This is Rich Kleinfeldt.VOICE TWO: And this is Sarah Long with the MAKING OF A NATION, A VOA Special English program about the history of the United States.(THEME)Today, we tell about the conflicts among the nations in Europe during the eighteenth century and how they affected North America.VOICE ONE: During the Eighteenth Century, Spain, France and Britain controlled land in North America.Spain controlled Florida.France was powerful in the northern and central areas.Britain controlled the east.All three nations knew they could not exist together peacefully in North America.The situation could only be settled by war.十八世纪，西班牙、法国和英国控制了北美洲的土地。西班牙控制的佛罗里达州。法国在北部和中部地区势力强大。英国控制东部。这三个国家都知道他们不能在北美洲和平共处。局势只有通过战争才能解决。

The powerful European nations already were fighting each other for land and money all over the world.These small wars continued for more than one-hundred years.They were called King William's War, Queen Anne's War, King George's War and the French and Indian War.强大的欧洲国家已经在世界各地争夺土地和金钱。这些小规模战争持续了一百多年。他们被称为King William的战争，阙恩安讷的战争，King George的战争和法国和印第安的战争。

VOICE TWO: The French and Indian War was fought to decide if Britain or France would be the strong power in North America.France and its colonists and Indian allies fought against Britain, its colonists and Indian allies.法国和印度的战争是为了决定英国或法国是否将成为美国北部的强国。法国及其殖民者和印度盟友与英国、殖民者和印度盟友进行了斗争。

The war began with conflicts about land.French explorers had been the first Europeans in the areas around the Great Lakes and the Ohio and Miiippi rivers.France had sent traders and trappers to these territories and had established trading centers there.战争开始于土地冲突。法国探险家是大湖区和俄亥俄河和密西西比河沿岸地区的第一批欧洲人。法国派到这些领土的商人和使用，建立了交易中心。

Britain claimed the same land.When the king gave land in North America to someone, the land was considered to extend from east coast to west coast, even though no one knew where the west coast was.The land along the east coast had become crowded, and settlers were moving west.White people were destroying the Indians' hunting areas.And Indians became worried that they would lose the use of their land.英国声称拥有同样的这片土地。当国王把北美洲的土地交给某人时，这块土地被认为是从东海岸延伸到西海岸，尽管没有人知道西海岸是什么地方。东海岸的土地变得拥挤，居民们向西迁移。白人正在破坏印第安人的狩猎区。印第安人担心他们会失去土地的使用权。VOICE ONE: The Indian tribes may have been able to resist the people moving west if they had been united.But their own conflicts kept the Indian groups apart.When Britain and France started fighting each other, some Indians helped the British.Others helped the French.如果印第安人团结在一起的话，他们也许能够抵抗向西移动的人们。但他们自己的冲突使印度集团分裂。当英国和法国开始互相争斗时，一些印第安人帮助英国人。其他人帮助法国人。The French settlers lived mainly in what was called New France.Today it is part of Canada.Life there was different from life in the British colonies to the south.There was no religious freedom, for example.All settlers in French territories had to be French and belong to the Roman Catholic Church.So, many French people who belonged to Protestant churches settled in the British colonies.法国殖民者主要生活在被称为新法兰西的地方。今天它是加拿大的一部分。那里的生活与英国南部殖民地的生活是不同的。没有宗教自由，例如。所有在法国领土的定居者都必须是法国人，属于罗马天主教会。因此，许多属于新教教堂的法国人定居在英国殖民地。France also did not like the fact that the British paid the Indians high prices for animal furs.France was more interested in the fur trade than in settling the land.The British hurt the French traders' busine when they bought fur from the Indians.法国也不喜欢英国人给印第安人高价购买动物皮毛这一事实。法国对皮毛贸易更感兴趣，而不是定居土地。英国人从印第安人那里买毛皮衣服时损害了法国商人的生意。VOICE TWO: One of the French trading forts was built in the area where the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is today.The French called it Fort Duquesne(Doo-kane).The British claimed it was in Virginia and that the land belonged to them.In Seventeen-Fifty-Four, the governor of Virginia sent a twenty-one-year-old colonist named George Washington to tell the French to get out.This was the same George Washington who would later become the first President of the United States.一个法国的贸易堡垒建于区，匹兹堡市，宾夕法尼亚是今天。法国称它为迪凯纳堡垒（斗凯恩）。英国人声称这是在Virginia，那片土地属于他们。17504，Virginia州州长派遣1201岁的殖民者乔治·华盛顿告诉法国走出。这就是后来成为美国第一任总统的乔治·华盛顿。The French refused to leave Fort Duquesne.So Washington and one-hundred-fifty men tried to force them out.They attacked a group of Fenchmen and killed ten of them.The French and Indian War had begun.法国拒绝离开Fort Duquesne。因此，华盛顿和一百五十名男子试图迫使他们离开。他们袭击了Fenchmen的一批十人死亡。法国和印度的战争已经开始。VOICE ONE: British troops under the command of General Edward Braddock joined George Washington at Fort Duquesne.The British general expected to fight the way battles were fought in Europe.There, troops lined up on open fields and fired their weapons as they marched toward each other.The French and Indians did not fight this way.They hid in the woods.They wore clothes that made them difficult to see.They shot at the British from behind trees.The British had more troops than the other side.But the French and Indians won the battle of Fort Duquesne.General Braddock was killed.英军Edward Braddock将军的指挥下参加了乔治·华盛顿在Fort Duquesne。英国将军预计将在欧洲作战。在那里，军队列队在开阔的田野上，当他们向对方行进时开火。法国人和印第安人并不是这样战斗的。他们躲在树林里。他们穿的衣服让人看不清。他们从树背后向英军射击。英国的兵力比另一边的多。但法国和印地安人赢得迪凯纳堡垒战斗。布拉多克将军被杀。VOICE TWO: Most of the French and Indian War was fought along two lakes in an area of New York state near the border with Canada.大部分的法国和印度战争是在靠近加拿大边境的纽约州的一个地区进行的。

One was Lake George.The other, Lake Champlain.Lake Champlain north of Lake George.It reaches almost all the way to the city of Montreal in Canada.一个是乔治湖。另一个，尚普兰湖。乔治湖北部的尚普兰湖。它几乎一直延伸到加拿大的蒙特利尔市。

These lakes provided the best way to move troops and supplies during the French and Indian war.Few roads existed in North America at that time.The military force which controlled the lakes and rivers controlled much of North America.在法国和印度战争期间，这些湖泊提供了移动部队和补给的最佳方式。那时北美洲很少有道路存在。控制着湖泊和河流的军事力量控制了北美洲的大部分地区。VOICE ONE: The French had military bases in the cities of Quebec and Montreal.The British had military bases along New York's Hudson River.The area between them became the great battle ground.法国人在魁北克和蒙特利尔的城市有军事基地。英国在纽约哈德逊河沿岸有军事基地。他们之间的地区成了伟大的战场。

Fighting increased after the British defeated the French near Lake George in the last months of Seventeen-Fifty-Five.The French then built a new military base to control Lake Champlain and the surrounding area.在17505个月的最后一个月英国打败了乔治湖附近的法国后，战斗增加了。法国人建立了一个新的军事基地来控制尚普兰湖及其周围地区。

The French military base was at the southern end of Lake Champlain.They built a strong camp, the kind called a fort.hey called it Fort Carillon [car-ee-own].法国军事基地位于尚普兰湖的南端。他们建造了一个坚固的营地，叫做堡垒。嘿，称它为卡里永堡[汽车EE自己]。

The fort would control Lake Champlain and the area needed to reach the northern part of Lake George.The fort was designed to provide a strong defense against attack.The French built two big walls of logs, several meters apart.The area between the walls was filled with dirt.Later, a strong stone front was added.Troops inside the walls were well protected.The British built a similar fort at the southern end of Lake George.They called it Fort William Henry.堡垒将控制尚普兰湖和需要到达乔治湖北部的地区。这个堡垒是为了防御进攻而设计的。法国人建造了两堵大墙，相隔几米。墙之间的区域积满了灰尘。后来又加了一块坚固的石面。城墙内的部队受到很好的保护。英国人在乔治湖南端建造了一座类似的堡垒。他们称之为威廉堡亨利。VOICE TWO: France sent one of its best military commanders to take command of its troops in America.His name was the Marquis de Montcalm.General Montcalm attacked several British forts in Seventeen-Fifty-Seven.One of these was Fort William Henry on Lake George.The British commander was forced to surrender.法国派出一支最好的军事指挥官在美国指挥军队。他的名字是Montcalm侯爵。蒙特卡姆将军袭击几个英国城堡17507。其中之一就是乔治湖上的威廉堡亨利。英军司令被迫投降。General Montcalm promised that the British troops would be treated fairly if they surrendered.But the Indian allies of the French did not honor the surrender agreement.They began to kill British soldiers and settlers.No one is sure how many people died.It could have been more than one-thousand.蒙特卡姆承诺，如果他们投降，英国军队将公平对待。但法国的印度盟友没有遵守投降协议。他们开始杀害英国士兵和定居者。没有人确定有多少人死亡。可能已经超过一千了。VOICE ONE: In Seventeen Fifty-Eight, a strong British force attacked Fort Carillon on Lake Champlain.General Montcalm was the French commander.Fort Carillon was strong enough that the smaller French force was able to defeat the bigger British force.The British withdrew, but attacked again the next year.This time the British commander was General Jeffery Amhurst.17508，一个强大的英国军队进攻尚普兰湖城堡。蒙特卡姆将军是法国的指挥官。卡里永堡是足够强大，法国部队小能够打败大英国的力量。英国人撤退了，但第二年又发动了进攻。这一次英国指挥官Jeffery Amhurst将军。

Amhurst was succeful.The British defeated the French.They changed the name of Fort Carillon to Fort Ticonderoga.It became an important military center in the French and Indian War.Fort Ticonderoga would also become important later, during America's war for independence.铜是成功的。英国打败了法国人。他们把卡里永堡到提康德罗加堡的名字。它成为法国和印度战争中的一个重要军事中心。提康德罗加堡也后来变得很重要，为美国独立战争期间。VOICE TWO: The French and Indian war ended after the British defeated the French in Quebec.Britain and France signed a treaty ending the war in Paris in Seventeen Sixty-Three.The British had won the French and Indian War.They took control of the lands that had been claimed by France.法国和印度战争结束后，英国打败了法国在魁北克。英国和法国签署了一项在17603年底结束巴黎战争的条约。英国人赢得了法国和印度的战争。他们控制了法国声称拥有的土地。Britain now claimed all the land from the east coast of North America to the Miiippi River.Everything west of that river belonged to Spain.France gave all its western lands to Spain to keep the British out.Indians still controlled most of the western lands, except for some Spanish colonies in Texas and New Mexico.英国现在声称从北美洲东海岸到密西西比河的所有土地。那条河以西的一切都属于西班牙。法国把所有的西部土地都给了西班牙以保护英国人。除了德克萨斯和新墨西哥的一些西班牙殖民地外，印第安人仍然控制着大部分的西部土地。VOICE TWO: Today, you can still visit the two forts htat were so important in the French and Indian War.Little of the orginial buildings have survived.However, both have been re-built using the original designs.The area surrounding both forts is very beautiful, including the two lakes, Lake George and Lake Champlain.今天，你仍然可以访问两个堡垒htat如此重要，在法国印第安人战争。小的大海建筑幸存下来。然而，这两个都是使用原始设计重新构建的。两个堡垒周围的区域非常美丽，包括两个湖，乔治湖和尚普兰湖。

Many people spend their holidays in this area enjoying the outdoors.The area includes one of America's national historical parks, Saratoga.It also inludes the Lake George Beach State Park.Few people who visit the area stop to remember the terrible fighting that took place there two-hundred fifty years ago.许多人在这个地区度假，享受户外活动。该地区包括美国国家历史公园之一，萨拉托加。它还包括乔治湖海滩州立公园。访问该地区的人很少会停下来回忆二百五十年前发生的可怕的战斗。(THEME)VOICE ONE: Today's MAKING OF A NATION program was written by Nancy Steinbach and Paul Thompson.This is Rich Kleinfeldt.VOICE TWO: And this is Sarah Long.Join us again next week for another Special English program about the history of the United States.