美国医保改革_美国医疗保险改革

美国医保改革由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“美国医疗保险改革”。

美国总统奥巴马23日在白宫签署了耗资高达9380亿美金的医疗保险改革法案，将为此前无医保的约3200万美国人提供医疗保障，可谓1960年代以来美国国内政策的最大转变。下面我们一起来了解一下与医疗保险相关的词汇。health care reform 医疗保险改革

health insurance 医疗保险

health coverage 医保覆盖面

premium 保费

deductible 自付扣除金

uninsured 没有医疗保险的人

under-insured 医保不足的人

indemnity plan/fee-for-service 定额理赔制度（美国最初实行的医疗制度）managed care 管理式医疗

government-funded plans 由政府支持的医保项目

Employer-Provided Insurance 由雇主为雇员提供的保险

fomulary（保险）处方药物表

Medicare 医疗保险制（针对65岁以上老人的老年医保）

Medicaid 医疗援助制（以穷人和伤残者为对象的医疗补助制度）

Medigap 差额医疗保险（填补联邦医疗保险之不足）

pre-existing conditions（投保前已存在的疾病）

comprehensive coverage 全险

hospital-surgical coverage 住院及手术费补偿

catastrophic coverage/major medical insurance 重大疾病险

specified disease policies 定向疾病险

long-term policies 长期护理险，如用于养老院的开支

policy 医保保单

coinsurance 分担保险（指的是投保人对于超过自付额以上那部分医疗费要分担一定金额或比例的费用，通常为20%）

copayment 分担金额（即投保人为每次就诊支付少量费用，虽然通常不超过10美元，但主要还是为了防止投保人滥用医疗资源）

capitation 保险公司每年赔付投保人的总额上限

out-of-pocket maximum 投保人每年自付额的上限

Health Care Reform

After decades of failed attempts by a string of Democratic presidents and a year of bitter partisan combat,President Obama signed legislation on March 23, 2010, to overhaul the nation's health care system and guarantee acce to medical insurance for tens of millions of Americans.It was the largest single legislative achievement of his first two years in office, and the most controversial.Not a single Republican voted for the final version, and

Republicans acro the country campaigned on a promise to repeal the bill.After they took control of the House and expanded their ranks in theSenate in the November elections, action on health care was at the top of their agenda.Both sides agree that undoing the bill completely would be next to impoible, given the Democrats' veto-proof hold on the Senate, and that some parts of it are likely to prove quite popular.But there was also a recognition that Republicans in the Capitol--and perhaps more importantly, in governor's office around the nation--could seriously undermine, slow or whittle away at the bill.A number of lawsuits are also working their way through the federal court system and are likely to end up before the Supreme Court.And inSeptember, a number of

important provisions took effect--just in time for the midterm elections.Insurers are now banned from dropping sick and costly customers after discovering technical mistakes on applications and required to offer coverage to children under 26 on their parents’ policies.The landmark bill signed by Mr.Obama will provide coverage to an estimated 30 million people who currently lack it.Its paage aures Mr.Obama a place in history as the American president who succeeded at revamping the nation's health care system where others, notably Harry Truman and Bill Clinton, tried mightily and failed.The measure will require most Americans to have health insurance coverage;would add 16 million people to the Medicaid rolls;and would subsidize private coverage for low-and middle-income people.It will regulate private insurers more closely,banning practices such as denial of care for pre-existing conditions.The law will cost the government about $938 billion over 10 years, according to the nonpartisan

Congreional Budget Office, which has also estimated that it will reduce the federal deficit by $138 billion over a decade.The victory for Mr.Obama and the Democratic leaders of Congre came after a roller-coaster year of negotiations, political combat, hearings delving into the

minutiae of health care and a near-death political experience after they appeared to have reached the brink of succe.On Nov.7, 2009, the House had approved its bill by a vote of 220 to 215, while the Senate paed an $871 billion bill on Dec.24.But even as the House and Senate worked to merge their bills, their fate was put in jeopardy on Jan.19, 2010, by an upset Republican victory in a special election to fill the Senate seat in Maachusetts held for decades by the late Senator Edward M.Kennedy, depriving the Democrats of the 60th vote needed to block a Republican filibuster of a final bill.Mr.Obama and Democratic leaders in Congre settled on a strategy in which the compromises needed to align the two versions were stripped down to only those measures that fit within a budget reconciliation bill, which under Senate rules could not be filibustered, a move that paved the way for paage.The pivotal moment in the long legislative battle came in a dramatic Sunday evening vote, when the House on March 21 approved, 219 to 212, the health care bill that the Senate had paed in December.Later that week, the House and Senate completed paage of a set of fixes to the bills, compromises worked out as part of the complicated legislative maneuvering that allowed Democrats to achieve their

long-sought goal despite having lost their filibuster-proof 60-vote "supermajority'' in the Senate in January.