山东省中医药大学博士考试英语复习重点_期末考试英语复习整理
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中国医药学 traditional Chinese medicine;TCM
中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine
临床经验clinical experience
辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation 本草materia medica /medicinal herbs养生health-cultivation 医疗实践medical practice
治疗原则therapeutic principles
寒凉药物herbs cold and cool in nature 滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire 瘀血致病diseases caused by blood stagnation 先天之精congenitaleence
气的运动变化 movement and changes of qi 形与神俱inseparability of the body and spirit 神明 spirit/mental activity
脏腑zang-organs and fu-organs/viscera 功能活动functional activities
形神统一unity of the body and spirit 阴阳失调imbalance of yin and yang
正邪相争 struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors
治未病prevention of disease 五脏five zang-organs 六腑six fu-organs
经络系统system of meridians and collaterals 形神统一unity of the body and spirit 有机整体organic wholene
表里关系 exterior and interior relation 开窍opening into
生长化收藏 five element function 脉象pulse conditions
邪正关系the states of pathogenic factors and healthy qi 自然现象 natural phenomena 哲学概念 philosophical concept 对立统一 unity and opposites
相互消长 mutual waning and waxing 阴阳属性 nature of yin and yang 生理功能 physiological functions 病理变化 pathological changes 临床诊断 clinical diagnosis
有机整体 organic wholene/entirety
正邪斗争struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic factors
五行学说 theory of five elements 运动变化 motion and variation 条达舒畅 free development
相生相克mutual(inter-)generation and mutual(inter-)restriction
生我”“我生” to be generated and to generate传变transmiion of disease
母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ
子病犯母 disease of the child-organ affecting the mother-organ
肝肾精血不足 insufficiency of kidney and liver eence and blood
肝阳上亢hyperactivity of liver yang 1．中国医药学有数前年的历史，是中国人民长期同疾病作斗争的经验总结。TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.2．中医学在古代唯物论和辩证法思想的影响和指导下，通过长期的医疗实践，逐步形成并发展成为独特的医学理论体系。Under the influence and guidance of claical Chinese materialism and dialectics, TCM has gradually evolved into a medical system with unique theory through long term medical practice.3．中医学是研究人体生理、病理以及疾病的诊断和防治的一门科学TCM is a science that studies the physiology and pathology of the human body as well as diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.4．《黄帝内经》总结了春秋战国以来的医疗成就和治疗经验，确立了中医学的独特的理论体系，成为中医药学发展的基础。Huangdi Neijing(Huangdi’s Canon of Medicine)has summed up the medical achievement and the treatment experience since the Spring-Autumn Period and Warring States, establishing the unique theoretical system of TCM, and laying the foundation for the development of TCM.5．《难经》内容十分丰富，补充了《黄帝内经》的不足，成为后世指导临床实践的理论基础。Nan Jing is rich in content, supplementing what Huangdi Neijing lacks and serving as the theoretical basis for the clinical practice of the latter generations 1．中医学在其形成过程中受到了古代唯物论和辩证法思想的深刻影响。During the long course of its development and practice, TCM has been under the influence of claical Chinese materialism and dialectics.2．中医学认为世界是物质的，是阴阳二气相互作用的结果。TCM holds that the world is material and is the result of the interaction of yin and yang.3．天地合气，命之曰人。The existence of human beings depends on the interaction between the celestial qi and terrestrial qi.4．中医学认为精气是生命的本原物质，这种精气先身而生，具有遗传性。According to TCM, eence is the eential substance for life.Such an eential substance exists prior to the formation of the body and is hereditary.5．父母之精气相合，形成胚胎发育的原始物质。The combination of the parental eence is the primary substance for the formation of fetus.1．中医理论体系的基本特点是整体观念和辨证论治。TCM is characterized by the concept of organic wholene and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.2．中医学认为人体是一个有机的整体。Tradition Chinese medicine holds that the human body is an organic whole.3．人体各个组成部分在功能上相互为用，在病理上相互影响。The components of human body functionally depend on each other and pathologically affect each other.4．整体观念贯穿于中医生理、病理、诊法、辨证和治疗的各个方面。The concept of holism permeates through all the fields in TCM, including physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment.5．人体某一局部区域内的病理变化往往与全身脏腑、气血、阴阳的盛衰有关。The pathological changes in certain part or region of the human body are usually related to the conditions of viscera, qi and blood as well as yin and yang in the whole body.11.地区气候的差异在一定程度上也影响着人体的生理活动。The geographical difference may also affect to some extent the physiological activities of human body.12.四时气候的变化是生物生长化收藏的重要条件之一。The change of the seasons is one of the important factors affecting the sprouting, growth, transformation, reaping and storing of life.13．辨证论治是中医认识疾病和治疗疾病的基本原则，也是中医的基本特点之一。Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the basic principle for understanding and treating disease in TCM and also one of the basic characteristics of TCM.14．证是机体在疾病发展过程中的某一阶段的病理概括。Syndrome is a pathological summarization of a disease at a certain stage of its development.15．辨证和论治是诊治疾病过程中相互联系不可分割的两个方面。Syndrome differentiation and disease treatment are two inseparable parts in diagnosing and treating disease.1．阴阳是中国古代这些的一对范畴。Yin and yang are two categories in claical Chinese philosophy.2．阴阳的对立和消长是宇宙的基本规律。The opposition and waning-waxing of yin and yang are the basic laws in the universe.3．阴阳是自然界相互关联的某些事物和现象对立双方的概括。Yin and yang refer to two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in the natural world.4．世界是物质性的整体，是阴阳二气对立统一的结果。The world is a material integrity and is the result of the unity of opposites of yin and yang.5．宇宙间一切事物的发生、发展和变化都是阴阳对立统一矛盾运动的结果。The occurrence development and changes of all things in the universe result from the unity and opposition between yin and yang.1.人生有形，不离阴阳Man has a physical shape which is inseparable from yin and yang.2.对于人体的生理功能，中医学也是用阴阳学说加以概括说明TCM explains and summarizes the physiological functions of human body according to the theory of yin and yang.3.功能属于阳，物质属于阴Function pertains to yang while substance to yin.4.如果阴阳不能相互为用而分离，人的生命也就终止了The separation of yin and yang will lead to the end of life.5.阴阳的协调平衡是健康的表现The balance and harmony of yin and yang are the manifestations of health.1．木、火、土、金、水是不可缺少的物种最基本的物质。Wood, fire, earth, metal and water are the most eential and indispensable materials.2．任何事物都不是孤立的、静止的，而是在不断的相生、相克的运动中维持着协调平衡。Nothing in the world is solitary and static.In fact everything in the universe maintains harmonic balance through constant mutual generation and restriction.3．中医理论体系在形成过程中，受到古代五行学说的深刻影响。The theoretical system of TCM has been under the influence of claical theories of the five elements.4．五行理论主要用以分析各种事物的五行属性和研究事物之间相互联系的基本法则。The theory of five elements is mainly used to analyze the properties of the five elements of various things according to the five elements and study the basic law of the inter-relation between things.11.肾主水而归属于水。Kidney governs water, thus pertains to water.12．相生是指一事物对另一事物具有促进、助长和资生的作用。Inter-generation means that one kind of object generates, strengthens or brings forth another one.13．相克是指一事物对另一事物的生长和功能具有抑制和制约的作用。Restriction means that one kind of object restricts and controls the functions of another one.14．事物之间的相生相克关系维持了自然界的生态平衡和人体的生理平衡。Inter-generation and restriction between objects maintain the ecological equilibrium in nature and the physiological balance in the human body.15．木生火，“生我”者为木；火生土，“我生”者为土。Since wood generates fire, it is the mother of fire;because fire generates earth, earth is the child of fire.1．五行学说以五行的特性来说明五脏的生理功能。The theory of elements is used to explain the physiological function of the five zang-organs according to the properties of the five elements.2．心阳有温煦之功能，故以心属火。Since heart yang functions to warm the body , the heart pertains to fire.3．五脏的功能活动不是孤立的，而是互相联系着的。The functional activities of the five zang-organs are not solitary , but interrelated.4．肝藏血以济心。The liver stores the blood to provide for the heart.5．脾气散精，上归于肺。The spleen distributes the eence upwards to the lung.11．五行学说也可以用以确定治疗原则和制订治疗方法。The theory of five elements also can be used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.12．相克传变包括“相乘”和“相侮”，均属于不正常的相克。Restricting transmiion includes “over-restriction” and “reverse-restriction” , both of which are abnormal activities of restriction.13．如面见青色，喜食酸味，脉见弦象，可以诊断为肝病。For example , the signs of bluish complexion , preference for sour taste and taut pulse may suggest liver disease.14．滋水涵木法是滋养肾阴以养肝阴的方法。Enriching water to nourish wood is a therapeutic method used to nourish kidney yin to tonify liver yin.15．益火补土法是温肾阳以补脾阳的一种方法 Boosting fire to supplement earth is a therapeutic method used to warm kidney yang to supplement spleen yang.
