青少年田径后备人才培养现状和发展对策_田径选修课现状

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青少年田径后备人才培养现状和发展对策

中文

田径项目历来受到各省的高度关注，它既是全运会中金牌最多的项目，又是衡量一个省、市、区体育运动综合实力高低的重要标准。建国以来，经过四川体育工作者几代人的不懈努力，四川田径运动竞技水平取得了辉煌的成绩，每个时代都涌现出了一批纵横田坛的优秀选手。但是，从2005年第十届全运会起，四川田径总体水平出现了较大的滑坡，短跑、跳跃等优势项目的竞争实力明显减弱，其他一些项目甚至没有运动员参加比赛。2009年第十一届全运会上，四川田径的整体状态依然低迷，昔日声名显赫的女子短跑一蹶不振。田径重点项目教练员流失严重，一线运动员短缺，二线运动员青黄不接，青少年后备人才培养不力。

本文全面调查分析了四川省青少年田径后备人才的培养现状，从四川青少年田径后备人才的基本情况、教练员队伍现状、训练和比赛情况、文化学习及日常管理等方面入手，研究剖析了四川省青少年田径后备人才培养体制的发展与现状，对四川青少年田径后备人才的培养提出了相应的对策和依据，为进一步推动四川省田径运动的发展提供参考。

本文以参加2008、2009年四川省中学生田径比赛的52个参赛队，2008年四川省“新苗杯”青少年田径比赛的31个参赛队，以及四川奥林匹克田径学校（华阳中学）的教练员和www.daodoc.com运动员共650人为研究对象，采用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，对四川省青少年田径后备人才的培养现状及相关问题进行了调查分析后，得出以下论文结论：

1、四川省青少年田径后备人才数量近年来呈增长趋势，人才主要来自农村和乡镇。

2、四川省青少年田径后备人才总体参加训练时间短，运动专项基础差，可塑性还很强，大部分人每年参加比赛的次数少。

3、四川省田径教练员选拔后备人才的方法仍然以主观经验为主，缺乏客观量化的评价指标。

4、四川省田径教练员目前培养人才的主要目标仍然是专业运动员。

5、四川省青少年田径后备人才教练员中，年青教练所占比例较高，训练指导能力和执教经验有待进一步提高，学历层次整体水平较低，职称结构状况整体不高，每年参加培训学习机会少。

6、四川省青少年田径后备人才训练经费来源单一，主要依靠政府拨款；训练场地器材基本满足训练需求。

7、四川省青少年田径后备人才对文化学习重要性的认可度较高，但文化学习成绩差；运动员与教练员对自身的影响力都评价较高；日常管理中教练员占主导地位。

译文

Track-and-field is always paid high attention by each Province.It is not the top item for gold brand in sports meeting of entire country, but also a important criteria for evaluating the capability of local sports.From 1949,after several general of Sichuan sports workers’ endeavor, Sichuan Athletics sports had good achievement, there are excellent players from each period.but from 2005, the overall Track-and-field level has being decreased, especially for Running,Jump, etc, Also there is no attendee for some item.In the sports meeting of 2009, Sichuan Athletics sports still in low level, Because Women Running can not recover after a setback, the trainer of critical item lost, short of back up and young players,etc This article systematically investigates the actuality of in support person, trainers status, training and competition, learning and daily management, Analyse and research the training status of the young support players, and figure out the countermeasure, also it is the reference for future development of Sichuan Athletics sports.This article use “ Track-and-field Sports meeting of Sichuan Middle school student in 20082009”,Sichuan ”Young plant” call an Track-and-field Sports meeting in 2008 which include 31 playing teams, students and drillmasters from Young Athletes Huayang Middle school total 650 people as the investigate objects，Introduce methods of literature information, visiting and discuion, questionnaire, statistics and logic analysis, etc.Following are the conclusions：

1、The number of Track and Field support sporters in Sichuan Province increased, Most of the players are come from country side or small town.2、The training for the Track and Field support sporters is too short, weak of Profeional skills, need more training, also the players didn’t attend enough competitions.3、The selecting rules of Track and filed support sporters are too subjective, not evaluate by impersonal criterias.4.Sichuan Province Track and Filed coaches are only care about the

profeional athletes.5.Most of the coach of Sichuan Province Track and Field are too young, need to improve the training experience and ability.Also they have not enough training opportunities and have low diploma.