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华师附中高二（7）班 刘春幸
Q: What are some general characteristics of Scotland? How did Scotland become part of the union of Great Britain?
A:Scotland is the second largest of the four nations , both in population and in geographical area.Physically, it is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north(The Highlands),and in the south(The Southern Uplands).Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas.The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone.Scotland’s capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forth miles away from Glasgow.It is renowned for its beauty and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the center of the city.Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15 century.Scotland is the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst thenon-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland was not conquered by the Romans , though they did try to , and for a while occupied as far as the edge of the northern highland zone.Nor was most of Scotland conquered by the Anglo-Saxons, although an Angle kingdom was established in the southeast.British Celts displaced from the south by Saxon invasion occupied the area around what is now Glasgow, and in this same period(around the sixth century AD)people from northern Ireland invaded the southwest.They were called the Scots, who gave the modern country Scotland its name.So their original Scottish Celts, were left with the extensive but unproductive highland zone.In the 9 century, Scotland began to experience Viking raids, and it was the preure from this outside threat that led Scottish kings to unify, forming an independent singular Scottish state at just about the same time that Anglo-Saxon England was also unifying.Despite the conflict about the Scottish border, there were close ties between the two countries with extensive intermarriage between the two aristocracies, and even between the royal family.But in 1298, William Wallace made a uprising, unluckily, it was quelled by the English.Only a few years later, the Scots, as a result of winning the Battle of Bannockburn, leading to 300 years of full independence.In 1603, however, Queen Elizabeth the First of England died childle, and the next in line to the throne was James the 6th of Scotland, so he also became James the First ofEngland , uniting the 2 thrones.Though the Scots wanted to maintain its own political identity, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.thth
