燃烧系统论文：火电厂锅炉燃烧优化方法分析与研究_锅炉燃烧优化调整研究

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燃烧系统论文：火电厂锅炉燃烧优化方法分析与研究

【中文摘要】目前我国仍以火电为主,火电在电力装机比重分别高达70%多,发电量比重分别高达80%多,火电厂耗煤占全国煤炭消耗量的50%以上,这就直接导致火电企业排放二氧化硫占全国排放量45%,排放的二氧化碳占全国碳排放量的40%。因此,火电企业,在低碳经济发展中面临着严峻的节能减排压力。锅炉燃烧过程,是一个极其复杂的物理化学反应过程。在火力发电厂的运行中,由于电网负荷、燃料成分含量等各种实际因素的影响,所以锅炉和机组的实际运行状态在不断的进行调整。在确保锅炉蒸汽的品质、产量和安全运行的同时,实现锅炉的经济运行,就必须要对锅炉的送煤、给水、给风等运行参数进行实时的优化调整和控制。目前国内一些电厂所采用的调节控制大多无法根据锅炉燃烧的特点达到最佳的运行工况。而且随着机组负荷变化,运行效率变化也非常大,很难保持机组运行在最佳运行状态。随机组长期运行,如果还是按原来运行控制基准,运行人员也会表现出不适应机组变化。基于种情况,锅炉的燃烧优化控制系统备受研究人员的关注。而火力发电厂要实现节能降耗,减少污染排放,加强锅炉燃烧侧的优化控制则是最行之有效的方法之一。本文研究了锅炉燃烧优化系统的两项关键技术:模型预测技术和最优搜索技术。并且参照一些国外的先进锅炉燃烧优化系统,讨论实时闭环控制的锅炉燃烧优化系统的软件结构及其技术特点。

【英文摘要】At present,China is still dominated by thermal

power.,and is about 75% of the total of Generation.But thermal power consumption accounts for more than 50% of national coal consumption.Led to emiions of sulfur dioxide is about 45% of the country’s total.While the emiions of carbon dioxide accounts for about 40% of the total.Therefore, thermal powers are facing greater preure of energy saving in the low-carbon economy.Combustion proce is a very complex physical and chemical reactions.The actual state of the boiler and crew is in the constant adjustment because of the change of grid load and so on when power plant is in operation.Therefore, to ensure that the steam quality, production and safe operation, and achieve the boilers and other equipment in the economic operation at the same time, we must optimize and adjust the operating parameters of the boiler which is in operation.Currently used by the regulation control are often not fully control for the characteristics of boiler operating the best conditions.Moreover, with the unit load changing , the change in efficiency operating is also very large, which can not keep unit operating in the best running curve.Over time, the original operational control basis will change ,and the experience of operating personnel will not meet the unit changes.In this case, optimization control system of the

boiler combustion has been more and more attented.In order to achieve saving energy, reducing pollution of thermal power , enhancing optimal control of combustion side of unit is one of the most direct and effective method.In this paper,we desgu two key technologies boiler combustion Optimization System: prediction model technology and optimal search technology.And reference to overseas advanced combustion optimization system discu the software architecture and technical characteristics of the real-time closed-loop control of the boiler combustion optimization system.【关键词】燃烧系统神经网络遗传算法目标函数【英文关键词】combustion control system neural networks genetic algorithm objective function 【目录】火电厂锅炉燃烧优化方法分析与研究5-6绍9-10Abstract6

第1章绪论9-15

摘要1.1 背景介1.3 燃烧优化闭1.2 锅炉燃烧优化现状10-11环控制技术11-13键点13

1.4 成功实施燃烧优化闭环控制软件的关

第2章锅炉燃烧特性的2.2 电站锅炉燃烧过1.5 本章小结13-15

2.1 概述15神经网络模型15-30程建模的要求15-1717-19

2.3 人工神经网络基本原理

2.3.2 2.3.1 人工神经网络的数学模型17-18人工神经网络的特点18-192.4 BP 神经网络模型设计

19-242.4.1 BP 神经网络模型19-22

2.4.3 模型的层数22-232.4.5 代价函数和激励函数232.5 BP 算法的改进24-25

2.4.2 模型的输2.4.4 模型的拓2.4.6 学习2.6 BP 网络的泛

2.8 入与输出22扑结构23速率23-24化能力25-26本章小结29-30术30-43简介31-3233-34骤35-36

2.7 神经网络模型的训练过程26-29