农村水库建设质量管理控制_农村公路建设质量管理

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一.坝体填筑施工质量控制

1.开工前进行的坝料实验

按照这些实验结果，由监理、设计、业主、施工单位共同确定了大坝的填筑施工参数，为确保大坝填筑施工的质量提供了有力保障，最终确定的各坝料填筑施工参数见表1。

2.坝体填筑质量控制

⑴.粘土料填筑质量控制

①.粘土料填筑前，在清除压板水泥浆、乳皮的基础上涂刷浓泥浆，与压板接触部位用粘土回填后采用K85轮式装载机碾压8遍，局部边角辅以人工夯实，对跨心墙的施工路口，采用了经常变换位置，并在铺筑下层之前清除破坏的粘土的措施。

②.坝上含水量控制

Ⅰ.控制方法

及时上料，及时碾压。当遭遇不利天气或暂时不能填筑下层时，用振动平碾静压4-6遍，以避免粘土料水分的蒸发或被雨水浸泡。待再填筑时，将静压层翻松后根据其含水量的大小进行洒水或翻晒处理，直到符合设计要求为止。为使粘土层紧密结合成为一个整体，在每层上料前，根据粘土含水量的大小，对结合面进行适当洒水，并刨毛处理。

Ⅱ.处理方法

对施工未控制好或上了坝的粘土来不及静压即遭雨水浸泡等原因致使粘土料的含水量偏大时，主要采取挖除、现场翻晒等方法，直到其含水量满足设计要求时，才能进行下一步的填筑。每填筑一层粘土均由质安部实验室采用干密度和含水率测定及试坑灌水法测定，如果达不到设计指标，则必须采取措施处理。如果由于含水率过大导致干密度偏小，则将粘土进行翻晒，直到含水率符合设计指标，再进行碾压直到达到设计干密度；如果由于含水率过小导致干密度偏小，则将粘土翻开进行人工洒水，直到含水率符合设计指标，再进行碾压直到达到设计干密度。如果由于碾压遍数不够导致干密度不够，则采取补压措施直到达到设计干密度，⑵.堆石料、过渡料填筑质量控制

堆石料选用Ⅱ号堆石料场爆破开采料，大块石在料场解小，级配满足要求的合格料准许上坝，严格按实验确定的参数采用进退错距法压实，现场施工人员根据测量放样点插标杆控制坝料分区线。为了保证岸坡接触带的压实质量，振动碾沿岸坡方向碾压8遍填筑工在大坝与期渡汛断面间施工时用推土机推掉Ⅰ期渡汛断面上的松散层或用PC400反铲扒渣至碾压密实层，然后回填，对结合处、边角处用13.5t振动平碾加强压实8遍，坝体上下游边坡采用PC400反铲消除平顺，反滤过渡料大部分直，接取用Ⅰ号堆石料场和沟挤压破碎料，另外一部分从Ⅰ号堆石料场和下游侧山坡的挤压破碎带取细粒料与Ⅰ号堆石料场粗粒料掺配使用，上坝前需进行级配实验，级配合格的过渡料准许上坝，严格按实验确定的参数采用进退错距法压实，对粘土料与堆石料结合部位加强压实8遍.二.农村水库工程中的常见问题

1.计划性差

对于工程建设没有进行整体规划、科学论证，就盲目的开工，缺乏计划性。在工程施工的过程中，随意性较强，任意修改设计，致使施工的过程中容易出现质量问题。在施工中，发现质量问题，又必须对问题进行临时补救，不仅增加了不必要的成本投入，而且延长了工期，还无法保证工程的质量。

2.建设程序不全

工程的前期工作准备不充分，对于施工场地的周围没有进行详细的调查了解，只是凭借别人的讲述来设计图纸，致使在施工的过程中，很多程序无法按照设计图纸实施。这样就需要对设计图纸进行修改，与原始的意愿出现背离。不仅无法保证工程的质量，还延长了工期进度。很多工程都是建设方直接将其委托给施工单位，有些施工单位不具备施工资质，施工技术差，施工人员素质参差不齐，在施工过程中层层转包，缺乏有力的监督管理和处罚，直接导致工程的质量出现安全隐患。

三.农村水库建设质量管理措施

1.施工前期准备

首先，前期的准备工作包括根据设计图纸和工期要求，编制合理的施工组织设计，材料、机械设备的筹备，以及与项目有关的施工及管理人员进场等。其次，根据施工图纸，规划施工现场，做好控制桩的埋设与校核工作，并对应控制的工程尺寸进行测量控制，此过程中可加密控制桩，并妥善保管，以保证工程达标。最后，施工前还需要对既定的料场进行施工阶段勘查，主要确定土料的储量及质量，是否能供应施工并满足要求。

2.加强对水库施工材料的控制

在农村水库施工过程中，要想施工质量安全可靠，首先应该加强水库施工材料的控制，原材料、构配件等是工程建设的基本物资，同时也是工程质量的物质基础保证。建筑材料如果不符合工程的规范要求，施工质量就无法得到保证。加强建筑材料的质量监控，是对施工质量的重要保证。进行建筑材料的质量监控时，一是要加强技术措施，确保采购人员具备一定的专业知识及质量鉴定水平，能够对是否符合工程质量要求的建筑材料做出明确的判断；另外要加强管理措施，保证采购的建筑材料均符合工程质量的要求标准；材料的接收、运输及存储的各个环节也都应该管理到位，不合格的材料坚决不用避免误用，尽可能的降低不必要的材料成本，控制好材料的质量。

3.优化水库工程施工管理制度

在水利工程的施工过程中要建立一套完善的管理制度，在材料检验、图纸审核以及工程验收等环节要有科学合理的程序，工程的技术人员要明白自身在工作中的职责，树立安全意识和大局意识，依照制度做好本职工作的同时在工作的开展过程中要详细完整地记录施工日志，以便日后开展检查工作，在进行水库图纸的绘制中，要严格地对图纸进行绘制，同时复核人员要进行仔细的查验，发现问题之后尽快地做出修改，避免在施工中造成更大的损失。在水库施工结束之后，要将图示这技术资源进行归档，进行妥善的管理，以便日后进行查验。

4.加大对农村水库建设的资金投入

农村水库建设是一项十分宏大的工程，但因为工程的施工环境比较复杂，施工所需要的周期比较长，对于工程的质量要求也比较高，所以充足的资金是整个水库工程能够顺利开展的重要保障，这就需要加大对于水库工程的资金投入。在开展施工的过程中，如果资金不足就会影响到施工人员的情绪，也会影响到材料的购买，这对于水库工程的施工进度和施工质量会产生一定的负面影响，严重影响了水库建设的顺利开展。

四.结语

施工质量控制是高质量的水库工程的基本保证，因此在农村水库工程的建设中，应确保工程的顺利施工，同时要注重施工人员的培训和强化制度建设，保障施工的质量。只有建造质量合格的水库才能够为水资源的调配和农业生产奠定良好的基础，进而更好地发挥水库促进经济发展的积极作用。

A dam filling construction quality control 1.The dam material experiment carried out before construction According to these results, the supervision, the design, the owner, the construction unit to determine the parameters of dam filling construction, in order to ensure the quality of dam filling construction provides a powerful guarantee, ultimately determine the dam filling construction parameters are shown in table 1.2.The quality of dam filling control(1).Clay material filling quality control.Clay material before filling in the clear platen slurry, milk skin coating thick mud, on the basis of contact with the clamp part used after clay backfilling K85 wheel loader rolling 8 times, supplemented by artificial ramming local corner, intersection for acro the heart wall construction, adopted frequently shift, and clear before paving the lower damage of clay.(2).The dam water control Ⅰ.Control method Timely feeding, rolling in a timely manner.When bad weather or temporarily not filling the, with flat vibration grinding static preure 4-6 times, to avoid the clay material moisture evaporation or by rain water.Stay again when filling, the static preure layer after scarifying sprinkler or make proceing according to the size of its moisture content, until meet the design requirements.To make clay layer together as a whole, in front of the material in each layer, according to the size of the clay content, sprinkler, combined with the surface properly and debristling proceing.Ⅱ.Proceing method Control of construction is not good or too late static preure on the dam clay were soaking rain water content of the reason of clay, such as the large, mainly by such means as invisible, field to turn, until its moisture content meet the design requirements, to take the next step of filling.Each filling a layer of clay are using dry density and moisture content by the quality of laboratory measurement and test pit irrigation method, if can not meet the design index, measures must be taken to deal with.If small dry density due to moisture content is too large, the clay to make, comply with the design target, until the moisture content for roller compacted dry density until you reach design;If small dry density due to moisture content is too small, the artificial water turn clay, until the moisture content comply with the design index, then roller compacted dry density until you reach design.If caused by the rolling pa is not enough dry density, the fill preure measures until you reach design dry density, 2.Quality control of rockfill, transition material filling With Ⅱ heap heap stone quarry mining blasting material, the stone in the small yard solutions, grading meet the requirements of qualified material allowed on the dam, in strict accordance with the experiment in a fault distance method is used to determine the parameters for compaction, on-site construction personnel according to the survey lofting point benchmarking control dam material partition line.In order to ensure the quality of geological contact zone of compaction, vibration grinding along slope direction rolling 8 times filling work between dam and period DuXun section construction phase Ⅰ DuXun bulldozers to put off the section on loose bed or with PC400 backhoe to compaction is grilled slag layer, and then backfill, the corners of junction, reinforced with 13.5 t flat grinding vibration compaction 8 times, dam upstream and downstream slope PC400 backhoe eliminate smooth, filter material transition most straight, after taking Ⅰ heap quarry and channel extrusion materials, the other part number from Ⅰ heap of quarry and downstream slope extrusion fracture zone take fine aggregate with Ⅰ number of quarry coarse material blending, use the grading experiments before the dam, grading qualified transition is allowed on the dam, in strict accordance with the experiment of parameters in a fault distance method is used to compaction, of clay and combination of rockfill area strengthen compaction 8 times.2.Rural common problems in reservoir engineering 1.Planning poorly For engineering construction to the overall planning, scientific reasoning, is blind, lack of planning.In the proce of engineering construction, optional the gender is strong, arbitrarily modify the design, the construction proce prone to quality problems.In construction, found the quality problem, and must to temporary remedial problem, not only increased the unneceary costs, and extended the time limit for a project, is also unable to guarantee the quality of engineering.2.Construction procedure is not complete Engineering prepare adequately for the early work, for the construction site around without detailed investigation to understand, just come with others about design drawings, cause in the proce of construction, many programs to implement according to the design drawings.So you need to modify drawings, and the original intention a divergence.Not only can not guarantee the quality of engineering, has also extended the time limit for a project schedule.A lot of construction engineering is directly to entrust the construction unit, some construction units do not have qualifications, poor construction technology, construction personnel quality is uneven, layers of subcontracting in the construction proce, the lack of effective supervision and management and punishment, as a direct result of the quality of the project appear safe hidden trouble.3.Rural reservoir construction quality control measures 1.The preparation of construction First, that the preparation work including in accordance with the requirements of design drawings and the construction period, the establishment of the reasonable construction organization design,www.daodoc.com www.daodoc.com the preparation of materials, machinery and equipment, related to the project and the construction and management approach, etc.Secondly, according to the construction drawings, planning the construction site, to do a good job of embedding and checking control piles, and corresponding control engineering measure size control, the proce can be encrypted control piles, and properly keep, to ensure that engineering standards.Finally, the construction also needs to established yard before construction stage of exploration, mainly determine the reserves and the quality of earth material, whether can supply construction and meet the requirements.2.To strengthen the control of reservoir construction materials In the proce of the reservoir construction in the countryside, to construction quality and safety of reliable, first of all, we should strengthen the control of reservoir construction materials, raw materials, components, such as is the basic engineering construction materials, is also the material basis for the engineering quality guarantee.Building material if is not in conformity with the specification requirements of the project and the construction quality cannot be aured.Strengthen the quality control, construction materials is very important to ensure construction quality.For building materials quality control, one is to strengthen technical measures, to ensure that procurement staff have certain profeional knowledge and quality appraisal level, whether to be able to meet the requirements of the project quality building materials make clear judgment;In addition to strengthen management measures to ensure that procurement of construction materials are in line with the requirements of project quality standards;Material receiving, transportation and storage of each link also should be management in place, resolute don't have to avoid misuse, unqualified material as far as poible to reduce unneceary cost of materials, good control the quality of the material.3.The optimized reservoir project construction management system In water conservancy project construction proce to build a set of perfect management system, the material inspection, drawing review and acceptance of work to be scientific and reasonable proce, engineering and technical personnel to understand their duties in the work, set up the safety consciousne and the general situation consciousne, in accordance with the system completes the labor of duty at the same time in the proce of work to complete construction log records in detail, in order to carry out inspection work in the future, in reservoir drawings, drawing, to strictly to draw drawings, at the same time reviewer must carry on careful inspection, found the problem as soon as poible after a change, to avoid causing a greater lo in the construction.After the end of the reservoir construction, to illustrate the technical resources to be archived, the management of properly so that the inspection in the future.4.Increase the funding for the construction of the reservoir in rural areas Rural reservoir construction is a very ambitious project, but because of engineering construction environment is complicated, the cycle is long, construction need for engineering quality requirement is high also, so sufficient funds is the important guarantee of the reservoir project can go smoothly, it's need to increase funding for reservoir engineering.In carrying out the proce of construction, if insufficient funds will affect the construction personnel, will also affect the material www.daodoc.com www.daodoc.compurchase, for the reservoir engineering construction progre and construction quality will produce certain negative influence, the serious influence the construction of the reservoir smoothly.4.Conclusion Construction quality control is the basic guarantee of high quality reservoir project, therefore in the construction of rural reservoir project, should ensure the smooth construction of the project at the same time to pay attention to the training and strengthening the system construction of construction personnel, ensure the quality of construction.Is only able to build quality qualified reservoir for the deployment of water resources and agricultural production, which has laid a good foundation to exert better reservoir positive role to promote the development of the economy.