中国专有词汇的英语翻译_中国特有词汇英文翻译

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中国专有词汇的英语翻译

1、中国意念词(Chinesenees)

八卦 trigram

阴、阳 yin, yang

道 Dao(cf.logo)

江湖(世界)the jianghu World(the traits’ world)

e.g.You can’t control everything in a traits’ world.(人在江湖,身不由己)

道 Daoism(Taoism)

上火 exceive internal heat

儒学 Confucianism

红学(《红楼梦》研究)redology

世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia

开放 kaifang(Chinese openne to the outside world)

大锅饭 getting an equal share regardle of the work done

伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded

不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on „

合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people

乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge

铁交椅 iron(lifetime)post’s;guaranteed leading post

脱贫 to shake off poverty;anti-poverty

治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline2、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)

国庆节 National Day

中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival

春节 Spring Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival

儿童节 Children’s Day

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

妇女节 Women’s Day

泼水节 Water-Splashing Day

教师节 Teachers’ Day

五四青年节 Youth Day

3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

馄饨 wonton

锅贴 guotie(fried jiaozi)

花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal

盒饭 box lunch;Chinese take-away

米豆腐 rice tofu

魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles

冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples,etc.)

火锅 chafing dish

八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding

粉丝 gla noodles

豆腐脑 jellied bean curd4、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)

中国 电信 China Telecom

中国 移动 China Mobile

十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan

中国电脑联网 Chinanet

三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project

希望工程 Project Hope

京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway

扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project

菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project

温饱工程 Decent-Life Project

安居工程 Economy Housing Project

扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign

西部大开发 Go-West Campaign

5、特有的一些汉语词汇

禅宗 Zen Buddhism

禅 dhyana;dhgaya

混沌 chaos

道 Daosim, the way and its power

四谛 Four Noble Truth

八正道 Eightfold Path

无常 anity

五行说 Theory of Five Elements

无我 anatman

坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation

空 sunyata

虚无 nothingne

双喜 double happine(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)

小品 witty skits

相声 cro-talk

噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt

夜猫子 night people;night-owls

本命年 this animal year of sb.处世之道 philosophy of life

姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage)

还愿 redeem a wish(vows)

6、具有文化特色的现代表述

大陆中国 Mainland China

红宝书 little red book

红色中国 socialist China

四化 Four Modernizations

终生职业 job-for-life

铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

大锅饭 communal pot

关系户 closely-related units

外出打工人员 migrant workers

关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment7、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)

宣纸 rice paper

衙门 yamen

叩头 kowtow

孔子Confucius

牌楼 pailou;pai-loo

武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)

功夫 kungfu ;kung fu

中庸 the way of medium(cf.Golden Means)

中和 harmony(zhonghe)

孝顺 to show filial obedience

孝子 dutiful son

家长 family head

三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence(humanity), righteousne, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

八股文 eight-legged eays

多子多福:The more sons/children, the more bleing/ great happine

养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age

8、近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译

基层监督 gra-roots supervision

基础税率 base tariff level

婚介所 matrimonial agency

婚外恋 extramarital love

婚纱摄影 bride photo

黑心棉 shoddy cotton

机器阅卷 machine scoring

即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

价格听证会 public price hearings

甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team

家政服务 household management service

加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

假帐 accounting fraud

叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矫情 use lame arguments

渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence

借调 temporarily transfer

扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption

9.北京奥组委公布千余种中国菜的英文名称

为更好地迎接奥运会,北京市外办组织专家对中国菜单译文进行了审核。2007年1月底,北京市餐饮饭店中的数千种菜品、酒水将拥有统一规范的“英文名”。

“Scrambled Egg with Tomato”(西红柿炒鸡蛋)、“Egg plants with Garlic Sauce”(鱼香茄子),明年1月底,北京市餐饮饭店中的数千种菜品、酒水将拥有统一规范的“英文名”。据了解,北京市首次针对餐饮菜单规范英文译法的工作目前已基本完成,数千种菜品、酒水的英文翻译将从12月20日开始对外公布,邀请市民参与补充建议。

等待市民评判补充的北京市餐饮英文菜单涉及冷菜、热菜、羹汤、主食、小吃、西餐、甜品、中国酒、洋酒、饮料等多个品类,数千种菜品酒水,仅饮料目前已搜集到的就有两百多种。北京市餐饮菜单的英文译法计划在明年1月底推出,届时不仅北京市旅游局计划向全市星级酒店餐厅推广,而且还将为计划推出双语菜单的餐饮企业提供参考。

以下内容摘自《北京市餐饮业菜单英文译法》(讨论稿)部分中国菜的英文译名。

主食、小吃类部分:

(1)X.O.炒萝卜糕

Turnip Cake with XO Sauce

(2)八宝饭

Eight Treasure Rice

(3)白粥

Plain Rice Porridge

(4)XO酱海鲜蛋炒饭

Stir-fried Rice with Aorted Seafood in XO Sauce

(5)鲍鱼丝金菇焖伊面

Stir-fried Noodles with Mushrooms and Shredded Abalone

(6)鲍汁海鲜烩饭

Boiled Seafood and Rice with Abalone Sauce

(7)鲍汁海鲜面

Seafood Noodles with Abalone Sauce

(8)北京炒肝

Stir-fried Liver Beijing Style

(9)北京鸡汤馄饨

Wonton in Chicken Soup

(10)北京炸酱面

Noodles with Bean Paste

(11)碧绿鲜虾肠粉

Fresh Shrimps in Rice Flour Noodles with Vegetables

(12)冰糖银耳炖雪梨

Stewed Sweet Pear with White Fungus

(13)菜脯叉烧肠粉

Steamed Rice Rolls with Preserved Vegetables

(14)菜盒子

Stir-fried Crispy Cake Stuffed with Vegetable

(15)菜肉大馄饨

Pork and Vegetable Wonton

(16)菜肉饺子

Dumplings Stuffed with Minced Pork and Vegetable

(17)参吧素菜卷

Sweet Dumplings Stuffed with Cream and Mixed Fruits

(18)草菇牛肉肠粉

Steamed Rice Noodle Rolls with Mushrooms and Minced Beef

(19)叉烧包

Barbecued Pork Bun

(20)叉烧焗餐包

Barbecued Pork Dumpling

(21)叉烧酥

Cake with Barbecued Pork

(22)炒河粉

Sauteed Rice Noodles

(23)炒面

Sauteed Noodles with Vegetables

(24)陈皮红豆沙

Minced Red Bean Paste with Orange Peel

(25)豉油蒸肠粉

Steamed Rice Rolls with Black Bean Sauce

(26)豉汁蒸凤爪

Steamed Chicken Feet with Black Bean Sauce

(27)豉汁蒸排骨

Steamed Spare Ribs with Black Bean Sauce

(28)春菇烧麦

Steamed Dumplings Stuffed with Mushroom

(30)葱油拌面

Mixed Noodles with Spring Scallion, Oil and Soy Saucewww.daodoc.compulsory education(义务教育)miscellaneous fees(杂费)

boarding schools(寄宿制学校)distance education(远程教育)

secondary vocational schools(中等职业学校)incorporated villages(行政村)

unincorporated villages(自然村)

After years of effort(经过多年努力)

basic cost of living allowances(最低生活保障)autonomous regions(自治区)

free our minds(解放思想)

keep pace with the times(与时俱进)

Chinese socialism(中国特色社会主义)social harmony(社会和谐)

special administrative regions(特别行政区)prudent fiscal policy.(稳健的财政政策)

boosting domestic demand(扩大内需)cutting-edge(前沿)

displaced residents((三峡)移民)

non-publicly funded schools(民办学校)

school year(学年)

communicable diseases(传染病)

social safety net(社会保障)

discharged military personnel(退伍军人)

pyramid schemes(传销)pilot project(试点)

Income Tax(所得税)

futures market(期货市场)

high value-added(高附加值)high-end(高端)

cutthroat competition(恶性竞争)combat corruption(反腐)

hand over foot(大手大脚)plug up loopholes(堵塞漏洞)

Chinese People's Armed Police(武警)

starting point and objective(出发点和落脚点)

socialist market economy(社会主义市场经济)Scientific Outlook on Development(科学发展观)harmonious socialist society(社会主义和谐社会)tailor measures to suit local conditions(因地制宜)South-to-North Water Diversion Project(南水北调)administrative examination and approval(行政审批)follow a realistic and pragmatic approach(实事求是)exercise activities for the general public(全民健身活动)large-scale development of the western region(西部大开发)proceing industry for agricultural products(农产品加工业)municipalities directly under the central government(直辖市)primary, secondary and tertiary industry(第一第二第三产业)deliver a good report to the people.(向人民交出满意的答卷)socialist cultural and ethical progre(社会主义精神文明建设)

give full play to the initiative of each.(充分发挥各自的积极性)registering the third consecutive annual increase(连续三年增加)physically and mentally challenged persons(残疾人,肢残和智残)

resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.(资源节约型和环境友好型社会)ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development.(让全体人民共享改革发展的成果)

11.各种蔬菜的英语名字...极为实用

leek 韭菜

caraway/coriander 香菜 spinach 菠菜 cabbage 卷心菜

chinese cabbage 白菜 celery 芹菜 cre 水芹

cauliflower 菜花 lettuce 生菜/莴笋

mustard leaf 芥菜/芥末 romaine 生菜

shepherd's purse 荠菜 water shield 莼菜 kale 甘蓝菜 rape/cole 油菜

mater convolvulus 空心菜 dried lily flower 金针菜 tarragon 蒿菜 agar-agar 紫菜 greens 青菜

day-lily buds 黄花菜 turnip 白萝卜 carrot 胡萝卜

summer radish 水萝卜 potato 土豆 tomato 番茄 cucumber 黄瓜 loofah 丝瓜 pumpkin 南瓜 bitter gourd 苦瓜 white gourd 冬瓜 string bean 四季豆 pea 豌豆

lentil/ hycacinth bean 扁豆 soy 大豆

marrow bean 菜豆

mung bean 绿豆 soybean 黄豆 kidney bean 芸豆 green soy bean 毛豆 soybean sprout 黄豆芽 mung bean sprout 绿豆芽 bean sprout 豆芽 lotus root 莲藕 garlic 蒜

garlic sprout 蒜苗/苔 green pepper 青椒 hot pepper 辣椒 marrow 西葫芦 onion 洋葱 scallion 葱 chive 香葱

sweet pepper 甜椒 toon 香椿

water chestnut 荸荠 yam 山药 lily 百合water caltrop 菱角 lotus seed 莲子 taro 芋头

cabbage mustard 芥兰 cane shoots 茭白 ginger 姜

dried ginger 干姜 asparagus 芦笋

bamboo sprout 竹笋

winter bamboo shoots 冬笋 mushroom 蘑菇

edible fungus/agaric 木耳 tremella 银耳

black mushroom 冬菇 champignon 香菇 buton mushroom 草菇 needle mushroom 金针菇 asparagus 芦荟 eggplant 茄子

tender leaves of chinese toon 香椿 fennel 茴香

chinese chives 韭黄 corn 玉米

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