仁爱版八年级英语上册语法_仁爱初三英语上册语法

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UNIT 1 Topic 1 语法精讲 be going to＋动词原形

1.表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象，判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人，也可是物。例如：

There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。（已有告示）

I feel terrible.I think I'm going to die.我感到难受极了，我想我快不行了。

Look at those black clouds！It's going to rain.看看那些乌云！天快要下雨了。

2.表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定，即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如：

He isn't going to see his elder brother tomorrow.他明天不准备去看他哥哥。

Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up.玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。

3.只是单纯地预测未来的事，此时可与will互换。例如：

I think it is going to/will rain this evening.我认为今晚要下雨。

注意：

（1）be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如：

He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.他正努力学习，准备参加考试。（不能用will替换）

—Can somebody help me？ ——谁能帮我一下吗？

—I will.——我来。（不能用be going to替换）

（2）在if之后，通常不用will表示预言，但可以用be going to表示意图。例如：

If you are going to go to the cinema this evening，you'd better take your coat with you.你若今晚去看电影，最好带着外套。

be going to也常可以用于主句之中。例如：

If you invite Jack，there's going to be trouble.如果你邀请杰克，那就要惹麻烦了。

如果表示将来的意愿，will可用于条件从句。此时will为情态动词。例如：

If you will learn to play football，I'll help you.如果你想学踢足球，我可以帮你。课堂小测

1、Be careful.The train ____d.A.will come B.C.comes D.is coming 2.Look at those clouds.It ___a__ soon, I'm afraid.A.is going to rain B.is raining C.will rain D.won't rain 3.The radio says it ____c__ the day after tomorrow.A.is going to snow B.is snowing C.will snow D.snows 4._b___ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ? A.Will…does B.is going to do C.is…doing D.Shall… do

UNIT 1 Topic 2 语法精讲

UNIT 1 Topic 3 语法精讲

随堂测试

1、There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.will be going to B.will going to be

C.is going to be D.will go to be()2.Charlie ________ here next month.A.isn’t working B.doesn’t working C.isn’t going to working D.won’t work()3.He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A.will be;is B.is;is

C.will be;will be D.is;will be()4.There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have

C.will have D.is going to be()5.–_____ you ______ free tomorrow? – No.I _____ free the day after tomorrow.A.Are;going to;will

B.Are;going to be;will

C.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be()6.Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.A.will gives B.will give

C.gives D.give

UNIT 2 Topic 1 语法精讲

UNIT 2 Topic 2 语法精讲

UNIT 2 Topic 3 语法精讲

情态动词用法总结：

情态动词的语法特征：1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生；2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词

2）成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。

If that is the case, we may as well try

三、比较have to和must

1)两词都是'必须’的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He had to look after his sister yesterday.3）在否定结构中： don't have to 表示“不必”

mustn't 表示“禁止”，You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。

四、must表示推测

1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。

2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。

You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）

He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。

比较：

He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里。

He must stay there.他必须呆在那。

3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。

I didn't hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

——Why didn't you answer my phone call?

——Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5)否定推测用 can't。

If Tom didn't leave here until five o’clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。

五、表示推测的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1）情态动词+动词原形。

表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。

表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。

3）情态动词+动词完成时。

表示对过去情况的推测。

We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。

The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。

Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。

5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn’t表示。

Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。

六、should 和ought to

should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。

——Ought he to go?

——Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。

七、had better表示“最好”

had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

had better do sth

had better not do sth It is pretty cold.You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。

You had better have come earlier.八、would rather表示“宁愿”

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。

还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.= I would stay here rather than go home.九、will和would

注意：

1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。

Would you like to go with me?

2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。

Would you like some cake?

3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。

Won't you sit down?

十、情态动词的回答方式

问句肯定回答否定回答

Need you…? Yes, I must.No,I needn't

Must you…? /don't have to.十一、带to 的情态动词

带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must)，be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?

She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。典型例题

Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told

答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。

十二、比较need和dare

这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1)实义动词： need（需要, 要求）

need + n./ to do sth

2)情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。

Need you go yet? Yes, I must./ No, I needn't.3)need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：

need doing = need to be done

随堂测试

1.—Must I finish my homework today？

—No，you _______.A.can’t B.needn’t.C.mustn‘t.D.may not 2.—_______ I speak to Mary？

— Mary Speaking.A.Must B.Need C.May D.Shall 3.This math problem is too hard.Nobody _______ do it.A.may not B.may C.can‘t D.can 4.—Can you speak Japanese？

—No，I _______.A.can‘t B.mustn’t C.may not D.needn‘t

5.You _______ stop when the lights are red.A.may B.can C.should D.must 6.You _______ play football in the street.It‘s dangerous.A.can‘t B.shouldn’t C.mustn‘t D.wouldn’t

UNIT 3 Topic 1 语法精讲

UNIT 3 Topic 2 语法精讲

随堂小测

()1.What a friendly person _______!We all like talking with him.A.is it B.is he C.it is D.he is()2._______ swimming in this river!A.How great fun B.What great fun C.How a great fun D.What a great fun

()3._______ sad news it is!We must try our best to help them out of trouble.A.What a B.What C.How a D.How()4.What _______ fine weather we have these days!A.a B.the C./ D.an()5._______ lovely day!Let’s go for a walk.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a()6._______ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road!A.What B.What a C.How D.How a

UNIT 3 Topic 3 语法精讲

随堂小测

1.My brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell, was riding B.fell, were riding C.had fallen, rode D.had fallen, was riding 2.Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.A.slipped, was looking B.had slipped, looked C.slipped, had looked

D.was slipping, looked 3.The last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.A.had seen, was picking B.saw, picked C.had seen, picked

D.saw, was picking 4.I don ' t think Jim saw me;he ___ into space.A.just stared

B.was just staring C.has just stared

D.had just stared

5.I first met Lisa three years ago.She ___ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked

B.was working

UNIT 4 Topic 1 语法精讲

随堂测试

1.Which leon is __________(difficult)in Book 2? 2.Alice writes _____________(carefully)than I.3.This story is ____________(interesting)than that one.4.That was one of _________(exciting)moments in 2008.5.This kind of food must be ________(delicious)than that one.6.Beihai park is one of ____________(beautiful)parks in Beijing.7.Who’s ________(careful), Tom,Jim or Kate? 8.That is ________(easy)of all.9.He is __________(clever)boy in the cla.10.John is ________(short)than Tom.UNIT 4 Topic 2 语法精讲

UNIT 4 Topic 3 语法精讲

特别注意以下几种反意疑问句

1.陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little, never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外）

eg.They are unhappy, aren’t they?

2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something, nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附加疑问句的主语应用they。

eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________?

2)Everyone is here, ____________?

3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：will you? 但注意：

Let’s … , shall we?

Let us … , will you?

4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用needn’t.eg.I must finish my work now, _________?

5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be结构来完成。