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一.五指不同名,拇指最不灵

英语和汉语对手指的称呼既有差别又有相似之处。现介绍如下:

thumb: 大拇指。与汉语相映成趣的是,英语的all(fingers and)thumbs也表示“笨手笨脚”的意思,例如:

(1)I'm all fingers and thumbs this morning.I don't seem to be able to button up my shirt.今天早上我的手怎么这么笨呢,好像连衬衫都扣不上了。

(2)He was so excited that his fingers were all thumbs and he dropped the teacup.他激动得手都不好使了,竟把茶杯摔了。

forefinger: 又称index finger,即食指。前缀fore-表示“位置靠前的”(placed at the front),所以从排位上说,forefinger应为“第一指”。从功用上看,此手指伸出时有标示或指向的作用。在一些英语工具书中,我们会见到这样的表示“参见”(index)含义的手型符号。

middle finger: 中指。此指居中,名正言顺,且与汉语说法也一致。

ring finger: 无名指。从世界各地的婚俗习惯来说,结婚戒指(wedding ring)戴在这一手指(通常指左手)之上,表示已婚。

little finger:

顾名思义为小指。在美国和苏格兰,人们又赋予它一个爱称,管它叫 pinkie(pinky),后缀-ie(-y)有“小巧可爱”之意。

五指长短不一,各有各的用处,但唯有相互协作才能发挥最大的功能。

二.常用蔬菜水果

1蔬菜

string bean 四季豆

pea 豌豆

green soy bean 毛豆

soybean sprout 黄豆芽

mung bean sprout 绿豆芽

bean sprout 豆芽

kale 甘蓝菜

cabbage 包心菜;大白菜

broccoli 花椰菜

mater convolvulus 空心菜

dried lily flower 金针菜

mustard leaf 芥菜

celery 芹菜

tarragon 蒿菜

beetroot 甜菜根

lettuce 生菜

spinach 菠菜

leek 韭菜

caraway 香菜

preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜

salted vegetable 雪里红

lettuce 莴苣

asparagus 芦荟

bamboo shoot 竹笋

dried bamboo shoot 笋干

carrot 胡萝卜

water chestnut 荸荠

long crooked squash 菜瓜

loofah 丝瓜

pumpkin 南瓜

bitter gourd 苦瓜

cucumber 黄瓜

white gourd 冬瓜

gherkin 小黄瓜

yam 山芋

taro 芋头

champignon 香菇

needle mushroom 金针菇

dried mushroom 冬菇

tomato 番茄

eggplant 茄子

potato, spud 马铃薯 lotus root 莲藕

agaric 木耳

white fungus 百木耳

ginger 生姜

garlic 大蒜

garlic bulb 蒜头

green onion 葱

onion 洋葱

scallion, leek 青葱

wheat gluten 面筋

miso 味噌

2、水果:

pineapple 凤梨

watermelon 西瓜

papaya 木瓜

betelnut 槟榔

chestnut 栗子

coconut 椰子

ponkan 碰柑

tangerine 橘子

mandarin orange 橘

sugar-cane 甘蔗

muskmelon 香瓜

shaddock 柚子,文旦

juice peach 水蜜桃

pear 梨子

peach 桃子

carambola 杨桃

cherry 樱桃

persimmon 柿子

apple 苹果

mango 芒果

fig 无花果

water caltrop 菱角

almond 杏仁

plum 李子

honey-dew melon 哈密瓜

loquat 枇杷

olive 橄榄

rambutan 红毛丹

durian 榴梿

strawberry 草莓

grape 葡萄

grapefruit 葡萄柚

lichee 荔枝

longan 龙眼

wax-apple 莲雾

guava 番石榴

banana 香蕉

三、seasoning 调味品

caviar 鱼子酱

barbeque sauce 沙茶酱

tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄酱

mustard 芥末

salt 盐

sugar 糖

vinegar 醋

sweet 甜

sour 酸

bitter 苦

lard 猪油

peanut oil 花生油

soy sauce 酱油

green pepper 青椒

paprika 红椒

star anise 八角

cinnamon 肉挂

curry 咖喱

maltose 麦芽糖 三.海鲜肉类 猪肉pork 猪排chop 五花肉 streaky pork/marbled beef 肥肉fatty meat 瘦肉lean meat 前腿fore leg 后腿hind leg 猪蹄pettitoes 脚爪hock & foot 蹄筋sinew 软骨gristle 牛肉beef roast(烤牛肉?)小牛肉veal 碎牛肉ground beef 牛排steak 牛腿肉silverside(最好的牛腿肉)牛腰肉sirloin(牛里脊肉)羊肉mutton 鹿肉venison 羊排lamb chop 羊腿gigot 鸡腿drumstick 鸭翅膀duck wing 腊肉preserved ham 香肠sausage 鱼圆fishball 虾皮dried small shrimps 海蜇jelly fish 蚝oyster(牡蛎)

三文鱼/鲑鱼salmon(大马哈鱼)鲈鱼weever 鳝eel(海鳗)金枪鱼tuna 带鱼hairtail

海参sea cucumber(黄瓜)明虾prawn(对虾)

虾仁peeled(去皮的)prawns 龙虾lobster 小龙虾crawfish 扇贝/鲜贝scallop 鲍鱼abalone 海带kelp 蛤clam(蚶)

蛏子razor(剃刀)clam 虾子shrimp’s egg 鱼子roe

凤尾鱼anchovy 鳕鱼cod 鲳鱼pomfret 青鱼herring 鲭mackerel

淡菜moule(贻贝)

沙丁鱼pilchard /sardine 海螺whelk 蚌muel(贻贝,淡菜)海扇cockle 比目鱼plaice(鲽鱼)墨鱼cuttlefish(乌贼)旗鱼swordfish 四.烹饪工具,餐具

refrigerator 冰箱automatic rice cooker 电饭锅steamer 蒸锅oven 烤箱grill 烧烤架 toaster 烤面包机egg beater 打蛋器ice crusher 刨冰机food proceor 食品加工机 paper towel 纸巾apron 围裙tableware 餐具plate 盘子dish 碟子bowl 碗 cupboard 碗橱dining table 餐桌larder 食品柜drop-leaf table 可以折叠边缘的桌子chopping board 案板cutlery tray 装餐具的容器

coffee pot 咖啡壶 coffee cup 咖啡杯 paper towel 纸巾 napkin 餐巾 table cloth 桌布 tea-pot 茶壶 tea set 茶具 tea tray 茶盘 caddy 茶罐 dish 碟 plate 盘 saucer 小碟子 rice bowl 饭碗 chopsticks 筷子 soup spoon 汤匙 knife 餐刀 cup 杯子 gla 玻璃杯 mug 马克杯 picnic lunch 便当 fruit plate 水果盘 toothpick 牙签 盘 Plates 餐盘 Plate 椭圆形盘 oval platter 蔬菜盘 vegetable dish 色拉盘 salad plate 调味盘 relish dish 甜点盘 deert plate 水果盘 fruit plate 垫盘 service plate 托盘 tray 碗 Bowls 饭碗 rice bowl 汤碗 soup bowl 甜食碗 deert bowl 色拉碗 salad bowl 瓷碗 porcelain bowl 搪瓷碗 enamel bowl 常见调料及辅料的中英文名称

cilantro = coriander leaf = Chinese parsley = culantrillo = koyendoro = Mexican parsley = yuen-sai = green coriander = coriander green 芫荽叶,香菜叶,胡荽

mint 薄荷

Peppermint = brandy mint 胡椒薄荷,薄荷油 betel 萎叶 basil 罗勒,紫苏

mitsuba = trefoil = honewort 北柴胡,车轴草

bay leaf = bay laurel leaf = laurel leaf = sweet bay laurel leaf 香叶,月桂叶 oregano = wild marjoram = pot marjoram 牛至 rosemary 迷迭香 rosemary 欧芹

sage 鼠尾草,洋紫苏,茜紫 savory 香薄荷 thyme 百里香 tarragon 龙嵩, 龙嵩叶

fenugreek leaves = holba = methi leaves 葫芦巴 vanilla 香草,香子兰

horseradish 山葵,辣根(青芥辣的原料)

allspice = toute-epice = Jamaica pepper = myrtle pepper = pimiento = pimento = clove pepper = newspice 多香果,众香子

cardamom = cardamon = green cardamom 小豆蔻

caia cinnamon = caia = Chinese cinnamon = Chinese caia = false cinnamon 桂皮 cinnamon 肉桂 clove 丁香

cumin = comino = cummin = jeera 孜然,孜然芹, 孜然芹果 dill seed = dillseed 莳萝籽,土茴香、野小茴,fennel seed = fennel = sweet cumin 茴香籽 mace 肉豆蔻

mustard seeds 芥菜籽 poppy seeds 婴粟籽 saffron 藏红花

sesame seeds;benne seeds = goma 芝麻,胡麻籽,白芝麻 black sesame seeds 黑芝麻

star anise = anise = whole anise = Chinese star anise = Chinese anise 八角,八角茴香,大茴香 Szechwan peppercorn = Sichuan peppercorn = Szechuan peppercorn = anise pepper = brown peppercorn = Chinese aromatic pepper = Chinese pepper = flower pepper = sancho = Japanese pepper = Japan pepper = wild pepper = fagara pepper 花椒

white pepper = white peppercorns 白胡椒 black pepper = black peppercorns 黑胡椒

Chinese five-spice powder = five-spice powder = five-fragrance powder = five heavenly spices = five perfumes = five-flavored powder 五香粉

coarse salt = coarsely-ground salt = coarse-grain salt = gros sel 粗盐 fine salt = finely-ground salt = fine-grain salt = fin sel 细盐 sea salt = bay salt 海盐 iodized salt 加碘盐

table salt = cooking salt = granular salt 餐桌盐 Chinese sugar = Chinese rock sugar = rock sugar 冰糖 dark brown sugar 红糖

fructose = granulated fructose = fruit sugar = levulose 果糖

granulated sugar = sugar = white sugar = sucrose = refined sugar = table sugar 砂糖 malt sugar = maltose = genuine maltose 麦芽糖 maple sugar = maple sprinkles 枫糖 beet sugar 细白糖,棉白糖 cane sugar 蔗糖 sugar cane 甘蔗

sugar substitute, artificial sweetener 代糖 marshmallow 棉花糖 corn syrup 玉米糖浆 maple syrup 枫蜜, 糖枫汁

orgeat = orzata = almond syrup 杏仁糖浆 ginger juice 姜汁 garlic juice 蒜汁 rose eence 玫瑰香精

Chinese chives = gow choy = garlic chives = ku chai 小香葱,细香葱

green onion = scallion = bunching onion = shallot(in Australia)= spring onion(in Britain)= Chinese onion = stone leek = cibol 青葱,大葱

ramps = ramp = wild leek = Tenneee truffle 野韭菜 spring onion 春葱(有大葱头的葱)

标准英语与chinglish 于是Chuck开始意识到,中国的英语教师、英语课本、甚至英语词典肯定存在问题,否则不可能发生这种事情。在中国五年的任教期间,Chuck收集了大量的Chinglish说法,从中挑选出一组最常见的,编写了上面提到的那篇长文。下面就是这些Chinglish说法,其中每行第一部分是汉语说法,第二部分是Chinglish说法,第三部分则是英语的标准说法。

① 欢迎你到...② welcome you to...③ welcome to...① 永远记住你 ② remember you forever ③ always remember you(没有人能活到forever)

① 祝你有个...② wish you have a...③ I wish you a...① 给你 ② give you ③ here you are

① 很喜欢...② very like...③ like...very much

① 黄头发 ② yellow hair ③ blond/blonde(西方人没有yellow hair的说法)

① 厕所 ② WC ③ men's room/women's room/restroom

① 真遗憾 ② it's a pity ③ that's too bad/it's a shame(it's a pity说法太老)

① 裤子 ② trousers ③ pants/slacks/jeans

① 修理 ② mend ③ fix/repair

① 入口 ② way in ③ entrance

① 出口 ② way out ③ exit(way out在口语中是crazy的意思)

① 勤奋 ② diligent ③ hardworking/studious/conscientious

① 应该 ② should ③ must/shall

① 火锅 ② chafing dish ③ hot pot

① 大厦 ② mansion ③ center/plaza

① 马马虎虎 ② so-so ③ average/fair/all right/not too bad/OK(西方人很少使用so-so)

① 好吃 ② delicious ③ good/nice/tasty/appetizing(delicious在中国被滥用)

① 尽我最大努力 ② try my best ③ try/strive(try的本意就是try my best)

① 有名 ② famous ③ well-known/renowned/legendary/popular(famous在中国被滥用)

① 滑稽 ② humorous ③ funny/witty/amusing/entertaining

① 欺骗 ② to cheat ③ to trick/to play a joke on/to con/to deceive/to rip off

① 车门 ② the door of the car ③ the car's door

① 怎么拼? ② how to spell? ③ how do you spell?

① 再见 ② bye-bye ③ bye/see you/see you later/later(bye-bye有些孩子气)

① 玩 ② play ③ go to/do(play在中国被滥用)

① 面条 ② noodles ③ pasta(noodles有些孩子气)

① 据说 ② it is said ③ I heard/I read/I was told

① 等等 ② and so on ③ etc.① 直到现在 ② till now ③ recently/lately/thus far

① 农民 ② peasant ③ farmer

① 宣传 ② propaganda ③ information

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