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一.五指不同名,拇指最不灵
英语和汉语对手指的称呼既有差别又有相似之处。现介绍如下:
thumb: 大拇指。与汉语相映成趣的是,英语的all(fingers and)thumbs也表示“笨手笨脚”的意思,例如:
(1)I'm all fingers and thumbs this morning.I don't seem to be able to button up my shirt.今天早上我的手怎么这么笨呢,好像连衬衫都扣不上了。
(2)He was so excited that his fingers were all thumbs and he dropped the teacup.他激动得手都不好使了,竟把茶杯摔了。
forefinger: 又称index finger,即食指。前缀fore-表示“位置靠前的”(placed at the front),所以从排位上说,forefinger应为“第一指”。从功用上看,此手指伸出时有标示或指向的作用。在一些英语工具书中,我们会见到这样的表示“参见”(index)含义的手型符号。
middle finger: 中指。此指居中,名正言顺,且与汉语说法也一致。
ring finger: 无名指。从世界各地的婚俗习惯来说,结婚戒指(wedding ring)戴在这一手指(通常指左手)之上,表示已婚。
little finger:
顾名思义为小指。在美国和苏格兰,人们又赋予它一个爱称,管它叫 pinkie(pinky),后缀-ie(-y)有“小巧可爱”之意。
五指长短不一,各有各的用处,但唯有相互协作才能发挥最大的功能。
二.常用蔬菜水果
1蔬菜
string bean 四季豆
pea 豌豆
green soy bean 毛豆
soybean sprout 黄豆芽
mung bean sprout 绿豆芽
bean sprout 豆芽
kale 甘蓝菜
cabbage 包心菜;大白菜
broccoli 花椰菜
mater convolvulus 空心菜
dried lily flower 金针菜
mustard leaf 芥菜
celery 芹菜
tarragon 蒿菜
beetroot 甜菜根
lettuce 生菜
spinach 菠菜
leek 韭菜
caraway 香菜
preserved szechuan pickle 榨菜
salted vegetable 雪里红
lettuce 莴苣
asparagus 芦荟
bamboo shoot 竹笋
dried bamboo shoot 笋干
carrot 胡萝卜
water chestnut 荸荠
long crooked squash 菜瓜
loofah 丝瓜
pumpkin 南瓜
bitter gourd 苦瓜
cucumber 黄瓜
white gourd 冬瓜
gherkin 小黄瓜
yam 山芋
taro 芋头
champignon 香菇
needle mushroom 金针菇
dried mushroom 冬菇
tomato 番茄
eggplant 茄子
potato, spud 马铃薯 lotus root 莲藕
agaric 木耳
white fungus 百木耳
ginger 生姜
garlic 大蒜
garlic bulb 蒜头
green onion 葱
onion 洋葱
scallion, leek 青葱
wheat gluten 面筋
miso 味噌
2、水果:
pineapple 凤梨
watermelon 西瓜
papaya 木瓜
betelnut 槟榔
chestnut 栗子
coconut 椰子
ponkan 碰柑
tangerine 橘子
mandarin orange 橘
sugar-cane 甘蔗
muskmelon 香瓜
shaddock 柚子,文旦
juice peach 水蜜桃
pear 梨子
peach 桃子
carambola 杨桃
cherry 樱桃
persimmon 柿子
apple 苹果
mango 芒果
fig 无花果
water caltrop 菱角
almond 杏仁
plum 李子
honey-dew melon 哈密瓜
loquat 枇杷
olive 橄榄
rambutan 红毛丹
durian 榴梿
strawberry 草莓
grape 葡萄
grapefruit 葡萄柚
lichee 荔枝
longan 龙眼
wax-apple 莲雾
guava 番石榴
banana 香蕉
三、seasoning 调味品
caviar 鱼子酱
barbeque sauce 沙茶酱
tomato ketchup, tomato sauce 番茄酱
mustard 芥末
salt 盐
sugar 糖
vinegar 醋
sweet 甜
sour 酸
bitter 苦
lard 猪油
peanut oil 花生油
soy sauce 酱油
green pepper 青椒
paprika 红椒
star anise 八角
cinnamon 肉挂
curry 咖喱
maltose 麦芽糖 三.海鲜肉类 猪肉pork 猪排chop 五花肉 streaky pork/marbled beef 肥肉fatty meat 瘦肉lean meat 前腿fore leg 后腿hind leg 猪蹄pettitoes 脚爪hock & foot 蹄筋sinew 软骨gristle 牛肉beef roast(烤牛肉?)小牛肉veal 碎牛肉ground beef 牛排steak 牛腿肉silverside(最好的牛腿肉)牛腰肉sirloin(牛里脊肉)羊肉mutton 鹿肉venison 羊排lamb chop 羊腿gigot 鸡腿drumstick 鸭翅膀duck wing 腊肉preserved ham 香肠sausage 鱼圆fishball 虾皮dried small shrimps 海蜇jelly fish 蚝oyster(牡蛎)
三文鱼/鲑鱼salmon(大马哈鱼)鲈鱼weever 鳝eel(海鳗)金枪鱼tuna 带鱼hairtail
海参sea cucumber(黄瓜)明虾prawn(对虾)
虾仁peeled(去皮的)prawns 龙虾lobster 小龙虾crawfish 扇贝/鲜贝scallop 鲍鱼abalone 海带kelp 蛤clam(蚶)
蛏子razor(剃刀)clam 虾子shrimp’s egg 鱼子roe
凤尾鱼anchovy 鳕鱼cod 鲳鱼pomfret 青鱼herring 鲭mackerel
淡菜moule(贻贝)
沙丁鱼pilchard /sardine 海螺whelk 蚌muel(贻贝,淡菜)海扇cockle 比目鱼plaice(鲽鱼)墨鱼cuttlefish(乌贼)旗鱼swordfish 四.烹饪工具,餐具
refrigerator 冰箱automatic rice cooker 电饭锅steamer 蒸锅oven 烤箱grill 烧烤架 toaster 烤面包机egg beater 打蛋器ice crusher 刨冰机food proceor 食品加工机 paper towel 纸巾apron 围裙tableware 餐具plate 盘子dish 碟子bowl 碗 cupboard 碗橱dining table 餐桌larder 食品柜drop-leaf table 可以折叠边缘的桌子chopping board 案板cutlery tray 装餐具的容器
coffee pot 咖啡壶 coffee cup 咖啡杯 paper towel 纸巾 napkin 餐巾 table cloth 桌布 tea-pot 茶壶 tea set 茶具 tea tray 茶盘 caddy 茶罐 dish 碟 plate 盘 saucer 小碟子 rice bowl 饭碗 chopsticks 筷子 soup spoon 汤匙 knife 餐刀 cup 杯子 gla 玻璃杯 mug 马克杯 picnic lunch 便当 fruit plate 水果盘 toothpick 牙签 盘 Plates 餐盘 Plate 椭圆形盘 oval platter 蔬菜盘 vegetable dish 色拉盘 salad plate 调味盘 relish dish 甜点盘 deert plate 水果盘 fruit plate 垫盘 service plate 托盘 tray 碗 Bowls 饭碗 rice bowl 汤碗 soup bowl 甜食碗 deert bowl 色拉碗 salad bowl 瓷碗 porcelain bowl 搪瓷碗 enamel bowl 常见调料及辅料的中英文名称
cilantro = coriander leaf = Chinese parsley = culantrillo = koyendoro = Mexican parsley = yuen-sai = green coriander = coriander green 芫荽叶,香菜叶,胡荽
mint 薄荷
Peppermint = brandy mint 胡椒薄荷,薄荷油 betel 萎叶 basil 罗勒,紫苏
mitsuba = trefoil = honewort 北柴胡,车轴草
bay leaf = bay laurel leaf = laurel leaf = sweet bay laurel leaf 香叶,月桂叶 oregano = wild marjoram = pot marjoram 牛至 rosemary 迷迭香 rosemary 欧芹
sage 鼠尾草,洋紫苏,茜紫 savory 香薄荷 thyme 百里香 tarragon 龙嵩, 龙嵩叶
fenugreek leaves = holba = methi leaves 葫芦巴 vanilla 香草,香子兰
horseradish 山葵,辣根(青芥辣的原料)
allspice = toute-epice = Jamaica pepper = myrtle pepper = pimiento = pimento = clove pepper = newspice 多香果,众香子
cardamom = cardamon = green cardamom 小豆蔻
caia cinnamon = caia = Chinese cinnamon = Chinese caia = false cinnamon 桂皮 cinnamon 肉桂 clove 丁香
cumin = comino = cummin = jeera 孜然,孜然芹, 孜然芹果 dill seed = dillseed 莳萝籽,土茴香、野小茴,fennel seed = fennel = sweet cumin 茴香籽 mace 肉豆蔻
mustard seeds 芥菜籽 poppy seeds 婴粟籽 saffron 藏红花
sesame seeds;benne seeds = goma 芝麻,胡麻籽,白芝麻 black sesame seeds 黑芝麻
star anise = anise = whole anise = Chinese star anise = Chinese anise 八角,八角茴香,大茴香 Szechwan peppercorn = Sichuan peppercorn = Szechuan peppercorn = anise pepper = brown peppercorn = Chinese aromatic pepper = Chinese pepper = flower pepper = sancho = Japanese pepper = Japan pepper = wild pepper = fagara pepper 花椒
white pepper = white peppercorns 白胡椒 black pepper = black peppercorns 黑胡椒
Chinese five-spice powder = five-spice powder = five-fragrance powder = five heavenly spices = five perfumes = five-flavored powder 五香粉
coarse salt = coarsely-ground salt = coarse-grain salt = gros sel 粗盐 fine salt = finely-ground salt = fine-grain salt = fin sel 细盐 sea salt = bay salt 海盐 iodized salt 加碘盐
table salt = cooking salt = granular salt 餐桌盐 Chinese sugar = Chinese rock sugar = rock sugar 冰糖 dark brown sugar 红糖
fructose = granulated fructose = fruit sugar = levulose 果糖
granulated sugar = sugar = white sugar = sucrose = refined sugar = table sugar 砂糖 malt sugar = maltose = genuine maltose 麦芽糖 maple sugar = maple sprinkles 枫糖 beet sugar 细白糖,棉白糖 cane sugar 蔗糖 sugar cane 甘蔗
sugar substitute, artificial sweetener 代糖 marshmallow 棉花糖 corn syrup 玉米糖浆 maple syrup 枫蜜, 糖枫汁
orgeat = orzata = almond syrup 杏仁糖浆 ginger juice 姜汁 garlic juice 蒜汁 rose eence 玫瑰香精
Chinese chives = gow choy = garlic chives = ku chai 小香葱,细香葱
green onion = scallion = bunching onion = shallot(in Australia)= spring onion(in Britain)= Chinese onion = stone leek = cibol 青葱,大葱
ramps = ramp = wild leek = Tenneee truffle 野韭菜 spring onion 春葱(有大葱头的葱)
标准英语与chinglish 于是Chuck开始意识到,中国的英语教师、英语课本、甚至英语词典肯定存在问题,否则不可能发生这种事情。在中国五年的任教期间,Chuck收集了大量的Chinglish说法,从中挑选出一组最常见的,编写了上面提到的那篇长文。下面就是这些Chinglish说法,其中每行第一部分是汉语说法,第二部分是Chinglish说法,第三部分则是英语的标准说法。
① 欢迎你到...② welcome you to...③ welcome to...① 永远记住你 ② remember you forever ③ always remember you(没有人能活到forever)
① 祝你有个...② wish you have a...③ I wish you a...① 给你 ② give you ③ here you are
① 很喜欢...② very like...③ like...very much
① 黄头发 ② yellow hair ③ blond/blonde(西方人没有yellow hair的说法)
① 厕所 ② WC ③ men's room/women's room/restroom
① 真遗憾 ② it's a pity ③ that's too bad/it's a shame(it's a pity说法太老)
① 裤子 ② trousers ③ pants/slacks/jeans
① 修理 ② mend ③ fix/repair
① 入口 ② way in ③ entrance
① 出口 ② way out ③ exit(way out在口语中是crazy的意思)
① 勤奋 ② diligent ③ hardworking/studious/conscientious
① 应该 ② should ③ must/shall
① 火锅 ② chafing dish ③ hot pot
① 大厦 ② mansion ③ center/plaza
① 马马虎虎 ② so-so ③ average/fair/all right/not too bad/OK(西方人很少使用so-so)
① 好吃 ② delicious ③ good/nice/tasty/appetizing(delicious在中国被滥用)
① 尽我最大努力 ② try my best ③ try/strive(try的本意就是try my best)
① 有名 ② famous ③ well-known/renowned/legendary/popular(famous在中国被滥用)
① 滑稽 ② humorous ③ funny/witty/amusing/entertaining
① 欺骗 ② to cheat ③ to trick/to play a joke on/to con/to deceive/to rip off
① 车门 ② the door of the car ③ the car's door
① 怎么拼? ② how to spell? ③ how do you spell?
① 再见 ② bye-bye ③ bye/see you/see you later/later(bye-bye有些孩子气)
① 玩 ② play ③ go to/do(play在中国被滥用)
① 面条 ② noodles ③ pasta(noodles有些孩子气)
① 据说 ② it is said ③ I heard/I read/I was told
① 等等 ② and so on ③ etc.① 直到现在 ② till now ③ recently/lately/thus far
① 农民 ② peasant ③ farmer
① 宣传 ② propaganda ③ information