职称英语卫生类押题（定稿）_职称英语考试押题
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Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor
The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unle my family and I don’t eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，”said Xu Li.a 45-year-old local woman.“I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying le.’’
Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3
“Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，”said Dr Tan Binyong，honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College.“It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”
He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：
1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?
D Patients with lung cancer become younger，especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?
B Breast cancer.3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.close
contact with cooking oil fumes?
A Irritated eyes and throat.4.What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?
B Surprised.5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer?
D Personal health and physical condition.第十八篇
Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics
Most older people with so-called typeⅡdiabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2
Aociate Profeor3 Dr.Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthv non-exercising persons.“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups.Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms.At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela was quoted as saying.6
Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise，Dela added.1.How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?
C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin bv B 30 per cent.3.The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included
A elderly non-diabetic men.B elderly type II diabetic men.D both A and B.4.To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?
A To the degree where they begin to sweat.5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.C le understood than
Preventing Child Maltreatment
Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries，especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonethele.international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused.Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causes stre that is aociated with disruption in early brain development.Extreme stre can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural，physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4
Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6
1.The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the paage.C there is a shortage of the profeional date collectors
2.Which of the following statements is true according to the paage?
B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.3.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the paage.B diarrhea
4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?
A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when、he grows up.5.The maltreated chidlren often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the paage.D thev often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents
第三十四篇
Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health iue.Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy.They constitute a growing and global public health problem.WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.The article has drawn attention to the iue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awarene of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmiion，and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments.the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance;rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or
enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription;and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures.including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.Succeful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmiion of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011.练习：
1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?
A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?
C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.3.Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the paage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?
D Those who study in universities.4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT
D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.5.What can you infer from the paage?
B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmiion of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.
