经济学人4.09_经济学人整合

经济学人4.09由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“经济学人整合”。

Cola wars, continued

可乐之战，胜负未定

Good for you, not for shareholders

肥了顾客，瘦了股东

As Pepsi struggles to regain market share, IndraNooyi’s job is on the line

百事争取重新收复失去的市场份额，英德拉努伊总裁之位岌岌可危

IN OCTOBER 1996 the cover of Fortunemagazine showed Roger Enrico, then the chief executive of PepsiCo, trapped in a Coke bottle under the headline “How Coke is kicking Pepsi’s can”.Ten years later, just after Pepsi had surpaed Coca-Cola in market capitalisation for the first time in their 108-year rivalry, the same magazine ran another big story on the cola giants.It admitted that it was wrong to have declared Pepsi defeated and lauded it as one of America’s best-run companies.1996年10月的财富杂志封面上有这样一幅插图：百事当时的CEO罗杰恩里克陷入可口可乐的可乐瓶中，插图上面写着这样一句标题：“可口可乐怎么抢走了百事的生意”。十年后，百事可乐市值第一次超过了其百年的竞争对手，同样的杂志报道了关于这两个可乐巨头的一件大新闻。该杂志承认以前认为百事被击败是错误的，并且称赞百事公司是美国运营最好的公司之一。

Fast forward another six years and Coke is again kicking Pepsi’s can.Both are losing cola drinkers in America as consumers switch from fizzy, sugary drinks to healthier water, tea, juices and sports drinks.But whereas Coca-Cola has lost on average 2% a year in like-for-like volume of fizzy drinks in America since 2004, Pepsi has lost 3%(see chart), according to Sanford C.Bernstein, an investment bank.That means its American drinks busine has shrunk by about 20%.Coke’s Simply juices and its lower-priced Minute Maid are taking share from the fruity concoctions of Pepsi’s Tropicana.And Coke’s sports drink, Powerade, is knocking spots off Gatorade, Pepsi’s brew for athletes.光阴飞逝，六年过去了，可口可乐又抢走了百事的生意。由于消费者不再喜欢含糖碳酸饮料，偏好更加健康的水，茶，果汁和运动饮料，可口可乐和百事正在失去越来越多的顾客。但是，2004年以来，可口可乐每年碳酸饮料的销量同比降低2%，而百事每年降低 3%，以上资料来自一家名为桑福德伯恩斯坦的投资银行。这意味着百事的美国饮料业务已经收缩了20%。可口可乐的名为“简适”的果汁饮料和低价饮料“美汁源”不断侵蚀百事果汁饮料“纯果乐”的市场份额。可口可乐的运动饮料“劲力果汁”轻松击败百事的运动饮料“佳得乐”。

Faced with mounting investor diatisfaction about Pepsi’s stagnant share price, the food-and-drinks giant recently embarked on an effort to relaunch the company.On February 9th the group announced that it was cutting 8,700 jobs, or 3% of its workforce.Having underinvested

in its flagship beverage brands for years, it is increasing investment in marketing and advertising by $500m-600m.It has some catching-up to do: at the end of 2010 Pepsi spent 3.3% of sales on advertising compared with 8.3% of sales at Coca-Cola, according to Judy Hong, who follows drinks makers for Goldman Sachs.由于投资者对百事停滞不升的股价深感不满，这个食品饮料巨头最近着手进行重整。2月9日百事宣布裁员，共裁掉8700个岗位，占其职工总数的3%。由于多年来对其旗舰饮料品牌投资不足，百事正增加5-6亿美元的投资用于营销和广告。要想奋起直追，百事需要更多努力：根据高盛投资的朱迪洪多年来对饮料厂家的调查，2010年末百事将其销售额的3.3%用于广告支出，与之相比可口可乐用掉 8.3%的销售额。

Pepsi is also pinning its hope on the launch acro America on March 26th of Pepsi Next, a new soda sweetened with both high-fructose syrup and artificial sweeteners which has 60% le sugar than claic Pepsi.Angelique Krembs of Pepsi says the new drink is aimed at consumers who are keen to imbibe le sugar with their cola but dislike the taste of diet drinks.She splits this mostly male group in two: “dualists”, who switch between regular and diet(and sometimes mix the two), and “resistants”, who never touch either.百事还将希望寄托3月26日在其新饮料Pepsi Next的全美发布上，这是一种甜甜的碳酸饮料，含有更多的果糖浆和人造甜味剂，因为有了人造甜味剂，这种饮料含糖量比传统百事要低60%。百事公司的安吉利可克莱姆布表示新饮料的客户定位是那些希望自己的可乐含糖量低，但是又不喜欢低糖饮料口感的人。她将这个主要是男性的客户群体分成了两部分：第一个“兼爱者”，即能喝传统碳酸饮料又能喝低糖饮料的顾客；另一个是“兼恶者”，两种饮料都不喜欢的人。

Will Pepsi’s reset be enough to win over investors? Pepsi Next is dividing opinions.“We have seen this movie before,” says Mark Swartzberg, a drinks analyst at StifelNicolaus, a bank.In 2004 Pepsi launched Pepsi Edge, a mid-calorie soda, which Coca-Cola matched with a new mid-calorie brew called C2.Both disappeared from the shelves after a few years.百事的重整活动能否成功以赢得投资者呢？对于百事的新饮料Pepsi Next，各方的看法不一。史帝弗尼可拉斯银行的饮料分析家马克瓦茨伯格表示，“我们对这种桥段早已不陌生”。2004年百事推出新产品低卡路里汽水“Pepsi Edge”，可口可乐针锋相对，推出自己的低卡饮料C2。几年后，这两种饮料都退出市场。

Pepsi’s bo, IndraNooyi, is seeking to revive the company’s core busine while continuing her ambitious drive to transform the company into a maker of healthier drinks and snacks, and a better corporate citizen.In the past few years MsNooyi has spent disproportionate time and effort on promoting products that Pepsi calls “good for you”(oatmeal, fruit juices and sports drinks), which make up about 20% of its sales.She is aiming nearly to triple the revenue of nutritious products, to $30 billion, by 2020.百事的总裁英德拉?努伊正试图重振公司的核心产业，同时继续实现自己的野心——将公司转变成一个健康饮料和健康快餐的倡导者，转变成更负责任的企业公民。过去几年来，努伊

将不成比例的时间和精力花费在促销百事所津津乐道的健康饮食上（燕麦片，果汁和运动饮料），这些产品占其销售额的20%。她的目标是到2020年，这类健康产品的营业收入要提高到300亿美元，接近现在的三倍。

MsNooyi has also devoted resources to cultivating a corporate image focused on global social responsibility.In 2010 Pepsi skipped soda ads at the Super Bowl, launching instead a $20m online competition for the nomination of worthy causes that Pepsi might finance.The Refresh Project succeeded in gathering 80m online votes and helped numerous homele shelters and orphanages.But it did not sell much soda, which is why Pepsi went back to its usual ads at the 2011 Super Bowl.努伊还投入大量资源，通过增强全球社会责任感树立百事可乐良好的公众形象。2010年，百事撤掉超级碗的百事可乐广告，发起一项公益事业网上投票，百事将为这类事业花费2千万美元。这个名为“焕新”的项目共征得8千万网上投票，帮助建立了无数的无家可归者收容所和孤儿院。但这个项目并没有帮助百事卖出更多的汽水，这也是2011年百事重新在超级碗投放广告的原因。

It will take time for the revised strategy to bear fruit, as it did for Coca-Cola when it reset its course in the late 2000s after a series of management and marketing mishaps.Coke’s boes now feel they are on the right track with its offering of fizzy drinks, vitamin water, juice, coffee and tea.They think they are giving health-conscious customers sufficient choice.Of the 3,500 drinks Coke sells worldwide, more than 800 are zero-or low-calorie.这个改进后的战略若要奏效，恐怕须得假以时日。对此，可口可乐深有同感，在经历了一系列管理和市场上的灾祸之后，2000年末可口可乐重组了自己的业务。可口可乐的管理层认为可口可乐的主业就是提供碳酸类饮料，维他命水，果汁，咖啡和茶，在这方面他们已经步入正轨。他们觉得他们给了关注健康的顾客足够多的选择。在可口可乐全球销售的3500中饮料中，有超过800种是无卡路里或者低卡路里饮料。

If MsNooyi’srelaunch does not work Pepsi may get a new chief executive.The company seems to be preparing for a poible change at the top.On March 12th it revamped its management structure, poaching back Brian Cornell-a former Pepsi man who went on to run the Sam’s Club division of Walmart-to head Pepsi’s Americas Foods snacks division.It put John Compton, the current head of Americas Foods, in charge of all the company’s global groups, making him an heir apparent in the newly created role of president.Another poible crown prince is ZeinAbdalla, bo of Pepsi’s European busine.如果努伊的重整计划不能奏效的话，百事可能得需要一个新的CEO。百事似乎正准备企业高层的人事变动。3月12日百事重置了公司的管理结构，挖回了布莱恩康奈尔，让他负责百事美国快餐分部。康奈尔曾是百事高管，后来投奔沃尔玛，担任山姆俱乐部负责人。让原先负责美国快餐部门的约翰康普顿负责管理公司在全球的子公司，这让他成为董事长的首选继任者，另一个可能的接班人是阿卜杜拉，他是百事欧洲业务的话事人。

MsNooyi may leave before she is pushed out.She is one of the contenders for the top job at the

World Bank.Though she says she loves her job, she has talked in the past of her desire to spend some of her career in public service.And the World Bank may suit her zeal to do good on a global scale rather more comfortably than the maker of popular but largely fatty, salty and sugary foodstuffs.努伊也许不会等到被赶下台，而会自己选择主动离开。她是世界银行行长职位的竞争者之一。尽管她称自己热爱自己的工作，但她曾经提到希望能将自己一部分职业生涯用在公共服务事业上。世界银行能为她在全球范围内热情施展才华提供用武之地，这个工作要比生产虽受大众欢迎，但脂多盐多糖多食品的工作也轻松得多。