航海专业英语翻译1_航海英语翻译

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作业-1

Watertight doors or ramps of satisfactory construction may be fitted to internally subdivide large cargo spaces, provided that the administration is satisfied that such doors or ramps are eential.These doors or ramps may be hinged, rolling or sliding doors or ramps, but shall not be remotely controlled.Such doors or ramps shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during navigation;the time of opening such doors or ramps in port and of closing them before the ship leaves port shall be entered in the logbook.Should any of the doors or ramps be acceible during the voyage, they shall be fitted with a device which prevents unauthorized opening.水密门或通道的恰当结构设计将有助于大型货物空间的再次细分，假如政府机构满意这种水密门或通道的设计，这是至关重要的。这种水密门或通道可能是铰链式的、滚动或滑动的，但不能被远程控制。这些门或通道在开航前应当关闭，并在航行中保持关闭状态；靠港口时开启门或通道的时间及离港时关闭的时间应当写进航海日志。如果需要任何的门或通道在船舶航行中是互通的，那就要安装未经授权将不能开放的设备。

作业-2

Thin-walled structures such as ships and offshore structures have many structural units that may be collapsed.Both geometrical non-linearity such as buckling and material non-linearity such as plasticity have to be considered to investigate the collapse behaviors of thin-walled structures.In this analysis, large-deflection and elastic-plastic behaviors of ship panels are calculated by a non-linear finite element method.The database of collapse behaviors is generated from these finite element results.By using the database the ultimate strength of the hull girders can be accurately calculated in a short computation time.The ultimate strength state necearily occurs after an initial failure of a structure.This means that knowledge of the ultimate strength of the structure is not important if we think that initial failures of structures are the finally utilizable stages of the structural strength.However, there are always some poibilities that ships are under ultimate load conditions, and this ultimate state is much serious than the initial failures of the structure.Probabilistic approach is a reasonable method to consider both the initial failures and the ultimate strengths of the structures.The ultimate strength state, which is a low poibility but a serious event, should be investigated by the probabilistic approach and the reliability analysis.The ultimate strength of hull girders may become one of the design parameters by the structural reliability analysis.例如船舶和海上建筑等薄壁结构拥有许多可能坍塌的结构单元。有使用例如弯曲的非线性几何材料和例如塑料的非线性材料，都必须考虑运用薄壁结构的崩溃行为。这样分析，有着大绕动力和弹性的船甲板面是采用非线性有限元的方法来计算的。具有坍塌行为的数据库来自于这些有限元的设计。通过使用这个数据库，船舶梁体的极限强度可以在很短的时间用电脑精确计算。如果我们认为结构体强度初始的故障是最后的可利用阶段，这就意味着对结构体的极限强度的认识不重要。不管怎样，在船舶极限负载的条件下，这是有可能的，并且这种极限状态比结构体初始故障更加严峻。用概率统计方法来研究结构体的初始故障和极限强度下引起的故障是合理的。极限压强状态，具有很小的可能性但却是一件很严峻事情，这需要用概率统计法和可靠性分析来认真研究。船舶梁体的极限强度通过可靠性分析将成为一项设计参数。