林业产业的发展与林业生态建设的关系_林业生态建设发展现状

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林业产业的发展与林业生态建设的关系

中国林业沿处在较低层次的发展阶段,森林资源增长缓慢与社会对林业日益

增长的多种需求之间的矛盾成为现阶段林业的主要矛盾,生态需求成为社会对林业的主要需求,生态建设是林业建设的首要任务。本文就我国林业生态建设的现状及存在的问题进行分析;就林业产业的发展与林业生态建设的问题进行探讨。

The development of China's forestry is in the lower layer along the phase, the slow growth of forest resources and the social demand for forest growing a variety of contradiction between the contradiction become the main current forestry, ecological demand became the main demand of forestry society, ecological construction is the primary task of forestry construction.In this paper, the present situation of ecological construction of forestry in China and the analysis of existing problems;As far as the development of forestry industry and forestry ecological construction were discued.一、我国的林业生态建设直接影响林业产业的快速发展

A, our country's forestry ecology construction directly affects the rapid development of forestry industry

世纪之交的1998年,一场持续百天的全国性特大洪水,冲毁了无数良田、家园,洪峰频率之密、洪水流量之大、流域范围之广,百年罕见。全国共有29个省(区、市)遭受了不同程度的洪涝灾害,受灾2.3亿人,死亡人数3000人,各地估报的直接经济损失2484亿元。新世纪的第一个春天,我国北方地区连续发生10余次扬沙、浮尘和沙尘暴天气,造成部分地区机场关闭、交通中断,其频率之高、来势之猛、影响范围之大,不断刷新新中国成立以来的沙尘暴和沙尘灾害纪录。2008年初我国南方大面积的冰雪灾害,叫人不得不联想气候变化的影响和危害。

At the turn of the century in 1998, a nationwide flooding last one hundred days, countle fertile land, homes, was destroyed by the flood frequency of dense, big, wide river basin of the scope of the flood flow, rare in one hundred.A total of 29 provinces(area, city)suffered different degrees of floods, the affected 230 million people, the death toll of 3000 people, around for direct economic lo of 248.4 billion yuan.The first spring of the new century, the continuous occurred in north China more than 10 times flying sand, dust and sandstorm weather, causing parts of airports and disrupted traffic, its frequency is high, with fierce, influence scope of large, constantly refreshed since the founding of the dust storms and dust disaster on record.Large areas of snow and ice disaster in early 2008, the south of China, people have to lenovo, the effects of climate change and damage.大洪水的背后是植被破坏、水土流失;沙尘暴的背后是沙漠化、荒漠化;气候

变化背后是气候变暖,极端天气增加和自然灾害的频发。事实上,中国的生态危机远不止此,当前全世界普遍存在的沙漠化、水土流失、干旱缺水、洪涝灾害、物

种灭绝、温室效应加剧等六大生态危机,每七一样都与森林的植被破坏息息相关。新中国成立后的近半个世纪的时间里,由于国家经济建设的需要,以木材生产为主一直是中国林业的首要任务。中国林业的状况产出多于投入,中国生态的状况破坏大于治理,总体形势十分严峻。

The flood is behind vegetation damage, soil and water lo;Sandstorm is behind desertification, desertification;Behind climate change, climate warming, extreme weather and frequent natural disasters.In fact, China's ecological crisis is much more than this, the current widespread all over the world desertification, soil erosion, drought, floods, species extinction, the greenhouse effect intensifying ecological crisis, and so on six big every seven as is closely related to forest vegetation destruction.Nearly half a century after the founding of new China, as a result of the need of national economic construction, mainly wood production has always been the priority of China's forestry.The status of the Chinese forestry output more than input, the status of the ecological damage is greater than the governance in China, the overall situation is very grim.20世纪末,随着国家六大林业生态工程的相继启动,我国的林业生态体系建

设步入了快速发展轨道,近年来生态环境的恢复和治理成效显着,生态环境整体恶化的趋势得到了初步遏制,局部乃至区域性的生态环境开始好转。但是,由于经济社会的调整发展生态建设面临的形势依然十分严峻,森林生态基础还十分脆弱,生态建设的速度与高速发展的经济不相协调,部分地区水土流失仍呈上升趋势,洪涝、干旱、沙尘暴等自然灾害频发,极端性天气增多等主要原因:

The end of the 20th century, with the country the six forestry ecological engineering of succeively launched, our country's forestry ecology system construction entered a rapid development track, in recent years, the recovery of ecological environment and governance effect significantly, the overall ecological environment deterioration trend got preliminary control, local and regional ecological environment begins to improve.But, due to the adjustment of the economic and social development situation is still very severe ecological construction, forest ecological base is very fragile, the speed of ecological construction in harmony with the high speed development of economy, is still on the rise in parts of the soil and water lo, flood, drought, dust storms and other natural disasters, more extreme weather such as main reason:

1、我国森林资源底子薄,表现在问题不足,人均森林面积不到世界平均水平的1/4,人均森林蓄积不到世界平均水平的1/6;质量不高,平均每公顷林分蓄积量仅是世界平均水平的85%左右;分布不均,我国森林资源主要分布在东部沿海工区和东北地区,西部森林资源极度匮乏;经营水平低,人工林经营水平不高,树种单一,林木过量采伐现象依然存在。

1, forest resources in our country, a poor performance in the problem of insufficient, forest area per capita is le than 1/4 of the world average, per capita

forest accumulation is le than 1/6 of the world average;Quality is not high, the average per hectare forest stock volume is only about 85% of the world average;Distribution of forest resources in China are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal area and northeast China, the western extreme scarcity of forest resources;Management level is low, plantation management level is not high, single species, forest harvesting phenomenon still exists.2、人口、经济调整增长带来对森林资源的高需求,森林资源与社会需求之间的 仍相当尖锐,带来森林资源的巨大消耗。

2, the population, adjust the economic growth brings the high demand for forest resources, forest resources and the social demand is still very sharp, brings the huge consumption of forest resources.3、林业投入长期不足。近年启动的国家林业六大生态工程的建设资金主要

来自国债资金,国家财政资金所占比重不高,生态建设投入保障体系尚未建立。

3, the forestry investment shortage for a long time.Launched in recent years state six ecological engineering of forestry construction funds mainly come from the sale of Treasury bonds, national finance fund proportion is not high, the safeguard system for ecological construction has not yet been established.4、林业行业各项改革滞后于其他行业,管理体制、运营机制不顺,影响社会资

源向林业行业集中,制约了林业生态建设的发展。

4, the reforms of forestry industry lags behind other industries, management system, operation mechanism and effects of social resources to concentrate in the forestry industry, restricting the development of the forestry ecological construction.5、我国主要林区90%为山区,森林生态区位重要的地区是我国经济发展相对

滞后的地区,生态建设和经济发展问题还没有完全协调好。中国林业尚处在较低层次的发展阶段,森林资源增长缓慢与社会对林业日益增长的多种需求之间的矛盾成为现阶段林业的主要矛盾,生态需求成为社会对林业的主要需求,生态建设成为林业建设的首要任务。

5, the main mountain forest area 90%, forest ecological niches important area is the relative lag of regional economic development in our country, the ecological construction and economic development is still not fully good coordination.Forestry in China is still at a lower level of development stage, the slow growth of forest resources and the social demand for forest growing a variety of contradiction between the contradiction become the main current forestry, ecological demand became the main demand of forestry society, become a primary task for the construction of forestry ecological construction.二、发展林业产业必须正确处理与林业生态建设的关系

Second, the development of forestry industry must correctly handle the relationship between forestry and ecological construction

和谐社会一方面要求社会经济的发展应在木资源的承载力之内;另一方面,要

求在资源可持续的基础上,达到社会经济的发展。换言之,既要做到林业自身的可持续发展,又要参与整个经济社会的可持续发展,这里面既包含要不断发展林业产业,满足人们日益增长的物质林产品的需求,又包含加强林业生态建设,滞社会对生态的需求。林业产业和林业生态建设作为林业整体中的两个方面,两者之间有着天然的密切的因果关系。

Harmonious society requires the development of social economy on the one hand should be within the bearing capacity of wood resources;Requirements, on the other hand, on the basis of resource sustainable, to achieve social and economic development., in other words, to achieve the sustainable development of forestry itself, and to participate in the whole economic and social sustainable development, which contains both to development of forestry industry, meet the needs of people's growing material and forest products, and to strengthen the construction of forestry ecology, sluggish demand for ecological society.Forestry industry and forestry ecological construction as a whole in two aspects: natural closely between cause and effect.在林业发展的过程中,始终伴随着如何认识和协调两者关系的问题。而且,随

着人们对森林功能多样性认识的深化和对森林不同效益的追求,对林业产业和林业生态建设之间关系的认识也在不断完善。生态和产业是相互依存、相互制约、相互促进,互动发展的对立统一的辩证关系。

In the proce of forestry development, along with how to understand and coordinate the relationship between the problems.And, with further understanding of forest function diversity and the pursuit of different forest benefit, forestry industry and the understanding of the relationship between the forestry ecological construction are also constantly improve.Ecological and industry is the interdependence, mutual restriction, mutual promotion and mutual development of the unity of opposites of dialectical relationship.1、林业产业与林业生态的矛盾与制约。

1, forestry industry and forestry ecological contradictions and constraints.林业产业和林业生态之间存在着矛盾与制约的关系,这种矛盾与制约关系主

要是由人们在林业生产过程中,不同利益取向和与劳动者自身利益关系不同造成的。在林业生产和再生产过程 中,投入和耗费一定的劳动,同时会产生一定的经济和生态效益(可能是负效益),但这两种效益被劳动者感觉到的时间先后和效果是

完全不同的。发展林业产业主要产出体现的是经济效益,劳动者的获得是直接可见,与劳动者之间是眼前的局部的直接利益关系;而生态建设主要产出的是生态效益,生态效益的体现是一个累积的过程,是不容易被立即感觉到的。

There is contradiction between forestry industry and forestry ecological and restrict relationship, this kind of contradiction and restriction relations mainly by people in the proce of forestry production, different interest orientation and interest relations with laborer.In forestry production and reproduction proce, investment and cost of labor, at the same time will produce certain economic and ecological benefits(poibly negative benefit), but both benefit the workers feel time succeively and the effect is completely different.Main output reflects the development of forestry industry economy benefit, workers are directly visible, and laborer is in front of local direct interest relationship between;The ecological construction is the main output of ecological benefit, ecological benefit embodiment is a cumulative proce, it is not easy to be felt immediately.2、林业产业与林业生态的依存与促进。

2, forestry industry and forestry ecological interdependence with the promotion.在林业生产过程中,林业产业和林业生态之间不仅存在着矛盾与制约的关系,更主要的是依存与促进的关系,这种依存和的关系同样与人们对森林、林业产业及林业生态的认识和利益取向有直接的关系。主要体现在:

In the proce of forestry production and forestry industry and forestry ecological exists not only between contradiction and restrict relationship, more important is interdependence and promote the relationship of the interdependence and the relationship with the same people for forests and forestry industry and forestry ecological awarene and interest orientation has a direct relationship.Mainly reflects in:

林业产业发展和林业生态建设两者统一以森林为基础。林业生态建设的任务就是要恢复森林植被,增加森林的数量,提高森林的质量,最大限度地发挥森林的生态效益,离开森林也就无所谓林业生态建设;而林业产业的发展是以森林资源为前提的,没有森林资源,就没有林业产业,更谈不上发展,二者是相互依存的关系。

Forestry industry and forestry ecological construction convergence based on the forest.Forestry ecological construction miion is to recovery of forest vegetation, increase the number of the forest, improve the quality of the forest, and maximize the ecological benefits of forest, away from the forest and you can't have forestry ecological construction;And the forestry industry development is the premise of forest resources, no forest resources, forestry industry, let alone development, the two are mutually dependent relationship.林业生态建设是林业产业为发展的基础。这种基础关系是由森林的功能、作用和地位决定的。森林是陆地上生态系统中生物量最大、结构最复杂、功能最完善的生态系统。森林的主体植被是木本植物,森林植被及其覆被下的其他生物和各种环境因子共同形成森林群落。森林是木材及其林副产品等 工业原料的基地,是动物的栖息场所,是一个巨大的生物多样性的“基因库”,是一个巨大的“绿色水库”,在净化空气、防治污染、调节气候等方面,有“环境卫士”之称,是天然的“过滤器”,森林对人类的生存和发展有着无法估量的作用。林业产业发展,说到底是在认识森林生态系统及其内在的运动规律,借助一定的技术手段,改善和利用森林资源,把森林潜在的生产力转化为现实的生产力结构实行最佳组合。

The forestry ecological construction is the basis for the development of forestry industry.The basic relationship is determined by the forest function, role and status.Forest land ecological system in the largest and most complicated structure of bioma, the most complete ecosystem.Forest vegetation is the main body of woody plants, forest vegetation and under the cover of other creatures and various environmental factors together form forest community.Forest wood and forest byproducts such as industrial raw material base, is an animal habitats, biodiversity is a huge “gene pool”, is a huge “green reservoir”, in the clean air, prevention and control of pollution, regulating climate, etc., have “environmental defence,” said, is a natural “filter”, forest for human's survival and development has immeasurable role.Forestry industry development, at the end of the day is in the forest ecological system and its inner motion law, with the aid of certain technical method, improvement and utilization of forest resources, the forest potential productivity into real productivity structure adopts a best combination.林业产业与生态建设的辩证统一。按照生态经济学的原理,林业产业和生态建设的实质是经济效益和生态效益的关系,两者结合的结果就是生态经济学讲的生态经济效益。在林业社会化生产中,如果把林业产业发展与生态建设结合救民于水火,提高经济效益与提高生态效益相结合,即实现经济效益和生态效益的统一,就能使二者相得益彰,既林业产业的发展,又可在产业调整发展中保护和建设林业生态,达到提高生态经济效益的目的The dialectical unification of forestry industry and ecological construction.According to the principle of ecological economics, forestry industry and the eence of the ecological construction is the relationship between economic benefit and ecological benefit, as a result of combination of ecological economics, ecological and economic benefits.In the forestry socialization production, if the forestry industry development and ecological construction in combination with their nation in distre, increase the economic benefit and ecological benefit, which realize the unification of the economic benefits and ecological benefits, can make the two complement each other, both the development of forestry industry, but also in the development of industry adjustment forestry ecological protection and construction, achieve the purpose of improving ecological economic benefits