职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(3)中大网校_中大网校注册安全师
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2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(3)总分：100分
及格：60分
考试时间：120分
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
(1)The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.(2)Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.(3)The park is a good place for strollers.(4)At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.(5)The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.(6)he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.中大网校
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(7)Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.(8)The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the aembly.(9)The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.(10)Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.(11)Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.(12)In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.中大网校
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(13)Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.(14)The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.(15)The children's story writer known as Dr.Seu proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
(1)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构)；many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under preure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Ruia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of busine law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a cla of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, 中大网校
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notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also succe stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.{TS}Japan has a long trading tradition.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(2)Ruia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(3)All African countries followed the IMF formula.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(4)The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(5)Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(6)China did not take IMF advice.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(7)Many high officials in Ruia have much benefited from privatization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned 中大网校
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第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。
(2)Paragraph 3 ___________
(3)Paragraph 4 ___________
(4)Paragraph 5 ___________ 中大网校
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(5)Only through the shared language ___________.(6)The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.(7)Speakers are claified into two groups ___________.中大网校
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(8)An understanding of English ___________.第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tiues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states acro the United States.The researchers aumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their 中大网校
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results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.{TS}What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________ A.A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different region B.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United State C.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxyge D.D Tap water is used to cook foo
(2)James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________． A.A if our bodies break water down into its parts B.B if it is poible to collect hair samples acro the country C.C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen D.D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from
(3)Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________ A.A Ehleringer was succeful in his researc B.B Ehleringer failed in his researc C.C Ehleringer can be a succeful detectiv D.D Ehleringer's research proved succeful in Chin
(4)What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________ A.A The new technique can tell precisely where a person live B.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same sourc C.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the polic D.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crime
(5)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________ A.A Human hair may help detectives to solve crime B.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crime C.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closel D.D Most detectives are hair specialist
(6)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。
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(7)The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A.A was a way of spreading ideas B.B broke down political barriers C.C led to economic progre D.D made new ideas le schooling
(8)The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A.A there are so many people working in similar fields B.B there is a lot of social unrest at universities C.C their follow experts are scattered round the world D.D their laboratories are in remote places
(9)The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A.A spend le time travelling B.B cut down research costs C.C develop their ideas more quickly D.D keep up with current developments
(10)Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings B.B articles in learned journals C.C the work of international agencies D.D programs initiated by governments
(11)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Geography and MovementTo understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impreion of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an 中大网校
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independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.{TS}The ancient people believed that ___________.A.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky B.B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth C.C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change D.D the stars around the sky were not stationary
(12)Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________ A.A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plan B.B The moon revolved along the eclipti C.C The moon moves faster than the su D.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's tim
(13)It is stated in astrology that ___________.A.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion B.B the sun was moving westward around the sky C.C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week D.D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun
(14)All the other five planets ___________.A.A always appear near the path of the sun B.B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does C.C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does D.D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does
(15)According to the paage which of the following is true? ___________ A.A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sk B.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planet C.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the star D.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year aroun
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第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
(1)根据下列短文，补全{TSE}题。
(2)回答第47空。
(3)回答第48空。
(4)回答第49空。
(5)回答第50空。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too maive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes；also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees； the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardle of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60；that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities iue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations；snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.文章大意：雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人民生命和财中大网校
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产安全的最大危险之一。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。{TS}回答第51空。A.A among B.B of C.C to D.D in
(2)回答第52空。A.A when B.B that C.C who D.D whose
(3)回答第53空。A.A mostly B.B likely C.C clearly D.D surely
(4)回答第54空。A.A are B.B will be C.C is D.D was
(5)回答第55空。A.A weight B.B form C.C risk D.D work
(6)回答第56空。A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather
(7)回答第57空。
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A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather
(8)回答第58空。A.A among B.B between C.C with D.D for
(9)回答第59空。A.A thick B.B thin C.C flat D.D rocky
(10)回答第60空。A.A use B.B time C.C snow D.D rain
(11)回答第61空。A.A journey B.B trip C.C fact D.D proce
(12)回答第62空。A.A conditions B.B reports C.C forecast D.D event
(13)回答第63空。A.A increase B.B reduce 中大网校
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C.C improve D.D remove
(14)回答第64空。A.A price B.B effort C.C attention D.D money
(15)回答第65空。A.A miing B.B grown C.C big D.D fresh
答案和解析
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。(1):B
(2):A
(3):B
(4):B
(5):D 中大网校
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(6):A
(7):C
(8):A
(9):D
(10):D
(11):C
(12):A
(13):B
(14):C
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(15):D
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。(1):A 这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition．日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。(2):A 本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。(3):B 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。(4):B 第一段里有一句话：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years．70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。(5):C 文中没有提到澳大利亚。(6):A 本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：„，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula．即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。(7):C 在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)(1):F 此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。(2):D 此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。(3):A 此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。(4):C 此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。(5):B 答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。(6):A 第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the＋有关前述名词，以避免重复。(7):D 第三段第二句表明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于„„的考虑”。(8):E 中大网校
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第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。
第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1):B 第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。(2):C 第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。(3):A 第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量；科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。(4):C 选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。(5):A 题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。(6):D 根据文章第一段的最后一句话可以判断学生们出国是因为寻找更能让人受到鼓舞的老师，更有名的学府，更纯粹的哲学等。由此可见选项D最符合题意。(7):A 根据文中第三段的最后一句话“„and providing for the very rapid transmiion of knowledge”可以看得出为了更快地传播知识是他们旅游的主要目的。所以A应为正确答案。(8):A 本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第五段。根据题意可以得知学科的繁殖导致了大量科学家的诞生，他们如果不相互交流就不得不孤立地工作。由此可判断A为最佳选择。(9):C 根据文中最后一句话“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，„”可以推断C为最佳答案。(10):A 文章倒数第二段最后一句话说“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，这里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可见A应为正确答案。(11):C 根据第一段最后两句话，我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动，而群星事实上在天空中保持不变的模式，是恒定的。所以，正确答案应为C。(12):D 根据第三段的第二句和第三句话，文中说月亮的位置变化相对而言比较快，尽管看起来每天起起落落，事实上它的运动间歇为一个小时。由此可以肯定D为正确答案。(13):D 中大网校
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中大网校引领成功职业人生
根据第二段第一句话，太阳沿黄道的运动反映了地球的旋转规律，由此可见太阳的旋转与地球的旋转是相似的。所以正确答案应为D。(14):A 文章最后一句话提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，„”，说明行星运行的更为复杂。所以A应为正确答案。(15):B 根据文章的最后一句话，“„their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出结论那五颗行星的运动也反映了地球的运动。在四个选项中，只有B符合题意，所以正确答案为B。第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)(1):B B系动词is后面缺表语，而这个表语需能说明主语history。(2):A A agriculture是句子的主语，需要填入谓语动词。(3):E 这里后面的句子在语法上已经完整，所以缺的很可能是一个状语短语。(4):C 后面的or提示了这里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的两个成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可确认。(5):D therefore后面跟-ing短语表示结果，这里的therefore相当于thus。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。(1):A 表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在„„之中)。(2):B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。(3):B 选项A不符合语法，c和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。(4):C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。(5):C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。(6):D 第56和第57可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。(7):B(见56)。(8):B 中大网校
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中大网校引领成功职业人生
理解该句的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在350—450之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在„„之间。(9):C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。(10):A 句子中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。(11):D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有proce是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。(12):A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。(13):B 选项A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D悖逆符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。(14):C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention t0的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。(15):A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。
中大网校
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