中考英语语法专题复习之非谓语动词_中考英语语法专题复习

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2014年中考英语语法专题复习之非谓语动词

一、定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(它不受人称和数的限制),包括 不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）

二、动词不定式

(一).不定式的基本形式:to+V原，不定式的否定形式:not to+V原

(二)不定式的句法功能(不定式在句中能作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语)

1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末： a.It+be+名词+to do sth。

b.It takes sb.some time to do sth c.It+be+形容词+of /for sb +to do sth

当形容词表示人的品质时, 用of不用for.(carele，clever,good,foolish,honest, kind,lazy,nice,right, silly, stupid,wise,clever)2.不定式作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：would like,want, hope, wish,like,decide,plan, learn, pretend, refuse,.在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to read English every day.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式的用法:why not do sth?=why don’t you do sth? had better(not)do sth,would rather do sth,could/would you please(not)do sth? 3.不定式作表语 Her job is to clean the hall.4.不定式作宾语补足语 want, wish, ask, tell, help, advise,teach, allow, wait for, invite,would like,encourage后跟动词不定式作宾补；

使役动词和感官动词常用省略to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，必须加上to.(一感二听三让四看五帮助)feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,look at,see,watch,notice,help

5.不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，应放在名词之后；不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。He found a good house to live in.6.不定式常与疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。He didn’t know where to go.= He didn’t know where he should go.7.只能接不定式动词的口诀:决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 decide to do sth.决定做某事,want ∕ would like to do sth.想做某事,plan to do sth.计划做某,fail to do未能做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事,agree to do sth.同意做某事,afford to do能做某事,be used to do被用来做

can’t wait to do迫不及待地要做某事,make up one’s mind to do下决心做某事,used to do过去常常做某事 ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事,tell sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事,want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事,expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事,encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事,promise sb.to do答应某人做某事,allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事,help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事

三、动名词

(一)、动名词的构成:动词原形+-ing

(二)、动名词的句法功能(动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语)Eating too much is bad for your health.I like playing basketball very much.Stamps are used for sending letters.His hobby is collecting stamps.She is in the reading room.(三)、常见接动名词作宾语的动词:喜欢、考虑不可免，停止、放弃大冒险，介意想象莫推延，要求完成是渴望，建议继续勤练，不禁原谅要坚持，继续注意使成功。(enjoy,consider,avoid,stop,give up,risk,mind,imagine,put off,require,finish,look forward to,suggest,go on,practice,can’t help,excuse,insist on,keep on,pay attention to,succeed in)

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,spend...doing sth.花费…做某事,be busy doing sth.忙于做…

imagine sb.doing sth.想象…做某事,can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事,feel like doing sth.想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事,practice doing sth.练习做某事,mi doing sth.错过做某事

suggest doing sth.建议做某事,keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事,mind doing sth.介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事,consider doing sth.考虑做某事,be good at doing sth擅长做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣,be used for doing sth.被用来做某事

thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事,put off doin推迟做某事,keep/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,give up doing sth.放弃做某事,without doing sth.没有做某事, think about doing sth.考虑做某事,What/How about doing 做某事怎么样?

look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意/关注做某事

be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,prefer doing sth to doing sth.相比做…，更喜欢做…

四、分词

(一)分词的构成:现在分词的基本形式由动词+-ing构成，过去分词由动词+-ed构成。(二)分词的句法构成:分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语

Do you know the girl standing under the tree?Please hand in your written exercises.The students went out of the claroom,talking and laughing.Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.The boy is too frghtened to move.Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the claroom.He’ll have his hair cut after school.现在分词作宾补,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系；过去分词作宾补，过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。

五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别

1.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(事未做)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(事已做)2.remember to do sth记住去做某事(事未做)remember doing sth记得做了某事(事已做 3.mean to do sth 打算，想做某事mean doing sth 意味着做了某事 4.stop to do sth 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing sth 停止做某事 5.try to do sth 尽力去做某事try doing sth试着做某事

6.go on to do sth 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做的是同一件事)7.used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 1.I always tell my students ______ on the road because it’s really dangerous.A.not to play B.to play notC.not playingD.not play

2.—I didn’t hear you come in just now.— That’s good.We tried _______ any noise, for you were sleeping.A.not makeB.not to makeC.to makeD.making

3.—Dad, why must I stop ______ computer games?—For your health, my boy.A.playB.to playC.to playingD.playing

4.—Driving le, walking more is good for our health.—a car.A.take, drive B.take, to drive C.take, driving D.taking, driving

5.— I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.What about you?—I haven’t decided where ________.A.goB.wentC.going D.to go

6.Lucy is shy.She would not invite her clamates _____dancing with her.A.practiceB.practicesC.practicingD.to practice

7.—How is your grandma?—She’s fine.She used to _____ TV at home after supper.But now she is used to _____ out for a walk.A.watch;goB.watching;go C.watching;going D.watch;going 8.Our teacher often tells us _____ in the river.It’s dangerous.A.don’t swimB.not swimC.not to swimD.not swimming 9.The Greens used to live in London and now they ________ in Beijing.A.used to liveB.are used to liveC.are used to livingD.are used for living

10.— What are you going to do when you grow up?— A singer, but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.A.amB.to beC.will beD.be

11.Don’t throw away thso that it can be reused.A.to destroyB.destroyingC.to collect D.collecting 12.Paul made a nice cage______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.to keep

13.It was time for cla.Mr.King asked all the children ___________ down quietly.A.sitB.satC.to sitD.sittingfor my health.A.not eatingB.not to eatC.eatingD.to eat 16.She’s not strong enough _________ walking up mountains.A.to goB.goingC.goD.went

17.He lost his key．It made him _____in the cold to wait for his wife’s return． A．to stayB stayedC．staysD．stay

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18.——Let's go for a walk.A.to takeB.take C.taking 19.Many children are left alone in the countryside.Let’s try our bestthem.A.helpB.helpingC.to helpD.helps

20.Our English teacher often says to us, “English well is very important” A.LearnB.LearningC.LearnedD.To learning 21.He hurried back home ____ his schoolbag.A.fetchedB.to fetchC.fetchingD.fetches

A.go byB.to go byC.went by

23.— I’m looking forward to _____my parents soon.What about you?— Me too． A.seeingB.seeC.saw

24.Seeing their teacher _______ into the claroom, they stopped _______ at once.A.walk;telling B.entering;to speakC.enter;to tellD.walking;talking 25.Even Tony’s granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him ________smoking.A.give upB.gave upC.to give upD.giving up 26.The retired couple enjoy _______ photos.They always go out with their cameras A.takeB.tookC.to takeD.taking 27.I'm sleepy.I prefer ________ at home to going out for a walk.A.sleepingB.to sleepC.sleptD.sleep

28.At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children.A.talkB.talkedC.talkingD.to talk

30.He used to _____in a small village, but now he has been used to ____in a big city.A.live;livingB.live;liveC.living;living

31.You look too tired.Why not______a rest?A.stop to have B.to stop having C.stop having 32.—Would you mind_________ the window? It's very hot.—No, not at all.A.openB.to openC.opening

33.—story books.—Me, too.A.readingB.readC.to read

computer games.A.not playingB.not to playC.not play35.How kind you are!You always do what you can __________ others.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.to help

36.—What a heavy rain!—So it is.I prefer ______ rather than ____ on such a rainy day.A.to go out.stay at homeB.to stay at home.go outC.going out.stay at home D.staying at home.go out 37.He promised ______his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.to see

38.Mary called and asked her husband ________home at once , because she locked their daughter in the home.A.to leaveB.leaveC.goD.to go

39.—Excuse me.Could you tell me ______ get to the nearest post office?—Sorry, I am new here.A.how can IB.how I couldC.how toD.what I can 40.When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji.A.doB.didC.doingD.are doing

41.Vocabulary is important to language learning.Therefore, you’d better try different ways you can think of ______ words and expreions.A.rememberB.to rememberC.remembering

A.moveB.to moveC.from moving them.A.to protectB.protectingC.protect

A.practice singingB.to practice singingC.practiced singing their school yard this Friday afternoon.A.cleanB.to cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned 46.I found a letter ______ on the floor when I came into the claroom.A.lyingB.layC.lieD.lies

47.—Why are you so excited today?—a picnic this weekend.A.haveB.to haveC.havingD.had 48.Many old men prefer _______ in a peaceful countryside.A.to liveB.liveingC.liveD lived

49.---George was heard _______ just now.What happened?---People was telling a joke.A.to cryB.cryC.to laughD.laugh 50.The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in.A.sleepingB.asleepC.to asleepD.to be asleep51._______ honest is the first thing people should learn.A.BeingB.LookC.BeD Become

52.Many young people took part in _______ trees on Tree Planting Day.A.plantingB.plantsC.to plantD plant 53.I haven’t decided when ________ a holiday yet.A.tookB.takingC.to takeD take

54.— I feel streed from time to time.Could you give me some advice? — ________ sharing your worries with your parents? A.Why don't youB.How aboutC.Why notD.Would you like 55.—Would you mind ______ in the dining hall?—Of course not.A.not to smokeB.not smokingC.smokeD.not smokeproblems.A.solveB.solvingC.can solveD.to solve

57.一 these books before 10 o'clock?一Yes, I can.A.to readB.readC.readsD.reading

58.— Excuse me.Could you please tell me ______ my car?—Sure.Park it right here.I’ll help you.A.how to stopB.where to parkC.where to stopD.when to park 59.— Nick, would you mind _________ out of the bathroom?— Sorry.I won't be long.A.comeB.to comeC.coming 60.—to the park now?—Good idea!Let’s go.A.goB.to goC.goesD.going

61.—camping with me?—I’d like to.But I’m busymy homework.A.to go;to doB.to go;doingC.going;to doD.going;doing

62.—Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?—_______ abroad for further study.A.GoB.GoneC.To goD.Goes

63.—I’m new here.—Don’t worry.I’ll do what I can ________ you.A.helpB.to helpC.inviteD.to invite

64.Jack’s teacher asked him ________ off the lights after cla.A.turning B.turned C.to turnA.to liveB.living inC.to live in

66.“Who’s the boy in white T-shirt _____ under the tree?”“My friend.”A.standB.to standC.stoodD.standing 67.He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.A.boilingB.boilC.boiledD.boils 68.Tom，would you please______ the box? It’s for your sister.A.not openB.don’t openC.not to openD.to not open 69.eica's parents always encourage her ____________out her opinions.A.speakB.speakingC.to speakD.will speak

70.—What did your teacher say this morning?—She told us ______ make faces in cla.to notB.not toC.do notD.didn't

71.---Let's play football on the playground.---It’s too hot outside.I would rather_____at home than_____out.A.to stay;goB.staying;goingC.stay;to goD.stay;go

72.He wants to have his TV ________.A.repairingB.repairedC.to repair 73.Remember ________ off the lights when you leave the room, please.A.to turnB.turningC.turn

74.---What do you usually do in the morning?---I often practice ________ English.A.speakB.to speakC.speaking

A.playB.playingC.to play

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