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Lecture three
Outline:
Topic one: function of determiners
Topic two: have a V and take a V:
Topic three: usage of ‘such’
Topic four: usage of ‘another’
Topic five: special usage of numbers
Topic one: function of determiners
Topic two: have a V and take a V:
Have a V:
When Joe got home, he had a lie down in his bed;and then he began to prepare his supper.Mary had a walk in the park yesterday evening.Yesterday afternoon, Chris took a walk round the small garden.Bill and Linda had an embrace at the airport.have a wash, have a lick, have a play, have a read, have a cuddle, have a chat, have a listen, have a feel, have a chew, have a suck, have a think, have a look for, have a cough, have a try, etc.Take a V:
Chris took a ride on the horse quickly.Yesterday afternoon, Chris took a walk round the small garden.Usually I took a nap before the afternoon’s claes began.Let me have a try!
*Let me take a try!
He took a look at her photo.*He took a listen to the radio.Take a nap.Have a nap.Topic three: usage of ‘such’
一、形容词的用法
1.such做形容词，是最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。
She's got such talent.她很有天赋。
We're having such a wonderful time.我们过得很愉快。
I've had such a shock.我大吃一惊。
Why are you in such a hurry? 为什么你这么匆忙？
2.当句子末尾加上that引导从句，形成such...that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引起了某种结果。
He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me.他总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得受到了侮辱。
The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impoible to undo.这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。
It was such a boring speech(that)I fell asleep.这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。
二、限定词的用法
所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对应限定和前对应限定两种。
1.前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的某一种类。
He noticed her necklace.Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought.他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。
This isn't the only story of cruelty to children.Many such cases are reported every day.这并非虐待儿童的唯一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。
2.后对应限定的such，指的是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such...as的结构。Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从未遇到过这样的灾难。
Such advice as he was given proved almost worthle.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无价值。He's not such a fool as he looks.他并非看上去那样蠢。
三、代词的用法
1.Cricket was boring.Such was her opinion before meeting Ian.板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直这么认为。
She's a competent manager and has always been regarded as such by her colleagues.她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。
2.后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth或such that的结构。
Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight.这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。
The pain in her foot wasn't such as to stop her walking.她脚上的痛，还没有到妨碍走路的地步。
The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair.损害很严重，要用很多钱才能修好。
四、词组 such as 和 as such
1.such as可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like类似。
Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.像兰花和樱草花那样的野花，越来越少见了。
Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.类似这一个的大型重要项目，需要好多年才能发展起来。
2.词组as such通常用在词尾，其实只是代词用法的一个引申，或者表示“像看上去那样”。If this is not genuine champagne, it should not be labelled as such.既然这不是真的香槟酒，就不应该这样标识。
The new job is not promotion as such but it has good prospects.新工作并非真的升职，不过前景不错。
五、莎士比亚著作中的such例句
Good night, good night!Parting is such sweet sorrow,Romeo and Juliet: II, ii
良宵，良宵！此时分别真是甜蜜又悲伤。
We are such stuff as dreams are made on, and our little life is rounded with a sleep.The Tempest: IV, iv
构成我们的料子也就是那梦幻的料子，我们短暂的一生，前后都环绕在酣睡之中。Alas, our frailty is the cause, not we: For such as we are made of, such we be.The Twelfth Night
唉，原因在于我们的弱点，而非我们：因为我们由什么材料制成，就会成为什么样子。I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, than such a Roman.Julius Caesar: IV, iii
我宁愿做一只向月亮狂吠的狗，也不愿做这样一个罗马人。
Teach not thy lip such scorn, for it was made for kiing, lady, not for such contempt.KING RICHARD III: I, ii
何必如此出言讥讽，夫人，天生你可亲吻的香唇，不是给你做侮蔑之用的。
We were, fair queen, two lads that thought there was no more behind.But such a day to-morrow as to-day.And to be boy eternal.The Winter's Tale: I, ii
我们那时是两个不知道有将来的孩子，以为明天就跟今天一样，永远是个孩子。
Topic four: usage of ‘another’
Topic five: special usage of numbers
1)I will come back in two twos.2)Ten to one they’ve fulfilled their production plan ahead of time.3)The weather changes seventy-two times a day here.4)He is running like sixty.5)She always talks nineteen to the dozen at the meeting.6)He is secretary and manager in one.7)It’s the three handkerchief.8)The naughty boy told the three little words to the girl.1)There is a regular shindy in the house, and everything is at sixes and sevens.2)John must have had one over the eight.3)His son is known to be no better than himself in inclination.In the old phrase it is six of one and half a dozen of the other.4)The representatives present at the meeting began to leave the auditorium by ones and twos/ in ones and twos/ by twos and threes/ in twos and threes.1.Nearby the department store stand a hundred and one buildings.2.I have a hundred things to do.3.He made a thousand and one excuses.4.At night time, when I go to bed, a million stars shine overhead.But when I wake up in the day, there’s just one sun to light my play.1.One tree does not make a forest;one flower does not make a spring.2.Two of a trade never agrees.3.Two heads are better than one.4.Two’s company, three’s none.5.A fence is fixed(or supported)by three stakes;a capable man is aided by three mates.6.Four eyes see more than two.7.He that will thrive must rise at five.8.Six feet of earth make all men equal.9.Nature draws more than ten oxen.10.Like the eight immortals croing the sea, each one showing his or her special feats.11.A stitch in time saves nine.
