Martin Luther King_kinglear英文简介
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Martin Luther King, Jr.(January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)was an
American clergyman(n.牧师；教士)leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement.He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil
rights using nonviolent civil disobedience(反抗).King has become a national icon in the history of American progreivism（革新论）.A Baptist minister（浸信会）, King became a civil rights activist（积极分子）early in his career.He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott（蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动）and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference(SCLC)（南方基督教领袖会议）in 1957, serving as its first president.With the SCLC, King led an unsucceful struggle against
segregation in Albany（奥尔巴尼）, Georgia（乔治亚州）, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, that attracted national attention following television news coverage（新闻报道）of the brutal police response.King also helped to organize the 1963 March（示威游行）on Washington, where he delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators（演说家）in American history.He also established his reputation as a radical（激进分子）, and became an object of the Federal Bureau of Investigation'sCOINTELPRO（联邦调查局的反间谍计划）for the rest of his life.FBI agents investigated him for poible communist ties,recorded his extramarital liaisons（私通的联络人）and reported on them to government officials, and on one occasion, mailed King a threatening
anonymous letter that he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating（与…战斗）racial inequality（种族不平等）through nonviolence.In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches（蒙哥马利游行）and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago.In the final years of his life, King expanded his focus to include poverty and
the Vietnam War, alienating（离间）many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled “Beyond Vietnam”.King was planning a national occupation of
Washington, D.C., called the Poor People's Campaign.King was
aainated(暗杀)on April 4, 1968, in Memphis(孟斐斯), Tenneee(田纳西州).His death was followed by riots(*)in many U.S.cities.Allegations
that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been framed(陷害)or acted in concert with(与…合作)government agents persisted for decades after the shooting, and the jury(陪审团)of a 1999 civil trial（民事审判）
found Loyd Jowers to be complicit（有同盟关系的）in a conspiracy（阴谋）against King.King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom（总统自由勋章）and the Congreional Gold Medal（国会金质奖章）posthumously（于死后）.Martin Luther King, Jr.Day was established as a U.S.federal holiday in
1986.Hundreds of streets in the U.S.have been renamed in his honor.A
memorial statue on the National Mall（国家广场）was opened to the public in 2011.In March 1955, a fifteen-year-old school girl in Montgomery, Claudette
Colvin, refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in compliance（服从）with Jim Crow laws（黑人歧视法）, laws in the US South that enforced racial segregation.King was on the committee from the Birmingham
African-American community that looked into the case;because Colvin was pregnant and unmarried, E.D.Nixon and Clifford Durr decided to wait for a better case to pursue.On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat.The Montgomery Bus Boycott, urged and planned by Nixon and led by King, soon followed.The boycott lasted for 385 days, and the situation became so tense that King's house was bombed.] King was arrested during this campaign, which concluded with a United States District Court（（美）州地方法院）ruling in Browder v.Gayle that ended racial segregation on all Montgomery public buses.King's role in the bus boycott transformed him into a national figure and the best-known spokesman of the civil rights movement.
