名词性从句详细介绍_怎么翻译名词性从句
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主语从句
1.以what等连接代词引导的主语从句
What you need is more practice.你需要的是更多的练习。
Whoever wants it may have it.谁要都可以给他。
同类的连接代词还有：What, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever
2.以that, whether从属连词引导的主语从句
It was strange that he had made a mistake.真奇怪，他竟然错了。
That we need more equipment is quite obvious.我们需要更多的设备，这是很明显的。
Whether he will join us won't make too much difference.他是否加入我们，没有太大的差别。
3.主语从句的引导词that什么时候可以省略
当主语从句不太长时，引导词“that”可以省略
It's clear(that)he has done his best.很明显他已经尽力而为了。
It's a wonder(that)he didn't fail.真奇怪，他没有失败。
4.以when等连接副词引导的主语从句
When they will come hasn't been made public.他们什么时候来还没有公布。
Where she has gone is not known yet.她去了哪儿，还不知道。
Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.为什么他做那件事将永远是个谜团。
5.虚拟语气：主语从句
形容词为neceary, important, impoible, strange, natural, eential时，在“It + be + 形容词或过去分词 + 主语从句”中，主语从句要虚拟。
It is neceary that the problem(should)be discued at once.立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。
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It is strange that he(should)have so many friends.太奇怪了，他有那么多的朋友。
6.主语从句与强调句的区别
注意事项：
1).在主语从句中，把It was … that去掉之后，就已经完全不像一个句子了。
2).在强调句中，把It was … that去掉之后，还基本上像个句子。
3).主语从句有以下的引导词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever
4).强调句的引导词只有：that, who。
主语从句：
It was strange that he had made a mistake.如果把，It was … that 去掉以后，剩下strange he had made a mistake.就不算是句子了。
It is immaterial where or when he goes.他去何处或者何时去是无关紧要的。
It is said that…, 和It is reported that…这样的结构，后面接的是主语从句：
It is said that he’s got married.听说他已经结婚了。
强调句：
It was she that had been wrong.错的是她。（强调主语）如果把，It was … that 去掉以后，剩下she had been wrong.还勉强算的上是一个句子。
It was this novel that they talked about last night.他们昨晚谈论的是这部小说。（强调宾语）
It was in London that I first saw her.我是在伦敦 嘉兴英语教学网 www.daodoc.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
His teacher pointed out that Tom hadn't studied hard enough.老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。
That depends on how you do it.那得看你怎么做的。
3.宾语从句：及物动词
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.谁都知道钱不是长在树上。
Have you decided where you will go for a holiday? 你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？
4.宾语从句：介词的宾语
I am curious as to what they are going to do next.我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。
The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the other one.这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。
I am interested in what she is doing.我对她做的事感兴趣。
5.宾语从句：否定的转移
有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.= I suppose you aren't used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。
I didn't expect she would pa the entrance examination.= I expected she wouldn't pa the entrance examination.我以为她不能通过入学考试。
6.虚拟语气：宾语从句
一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结构,should往往可以省略。这类动词有: advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。
I suggested that he study harder.我建议他用功一些。（这一题要特别注意：为什么study用原形。）
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I insisted that he(should)go.我强调他应当去。
7.宾语从句的省略
引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省略。
I hope(that)you'll be fine soon.我希望你尽快康复。
表语从句
1.在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The trouble is that we are short of funds.困难是我们缺乏资金。
That's why I want you to work there.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His first question was whether Mr.Smith had arrived yet.他的 嘉兴英语教学网 www.daodoc.com 收集整理 欢迎使用
定语从句
1.定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词
2.先行词和引导词
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
3.关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why。
注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
I don’t like the way(that, in which)he eyed me.我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
4.关系代词：who
关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
He is the man who wants to see you.他就是想要见你的那个人。（who在句中作为主语）
Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent.成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。
5.关系代词：whom
He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday.他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）
作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.6.关系代词：whose用来指人或物（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。
Please pa me the book whose(of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
7.关系代词：which（1）
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which指物，在从句中作为主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（主语）
The farm(which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。（作宾语，可省略。）
8.关系代词：which（2）
当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：
1）.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2）.修饰整个主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。
3）.修饰谓语部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot.他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。
4）.介词 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers.那些问题都是无头公案。
9.关系代词：that（1）
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。
指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that(which)needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物，作为主语。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
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树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人，作为主语。）
The girl(that)we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人，作宾语，可省略。）
10.关系代词：that（2）
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。
1）.先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
All that she lacked was training.她所缺少的是训练。
everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。
Have you everything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗？
Is there anything I can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗？
All you have to do is to pre the button.你所要做的就是按一下电钮。
2）.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
3）.先行词被序数词和the last修饰时
4）.先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。
5）.主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时
