语言学教学步骤_语言学史教学
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来源：《英语语言学概论》课程组
发布时间：2007-5-6 21:42:00 已经阅读293次
Lecture one Chapter 1 Introduction
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.What linguistics is
2.The scope of linguistics
3.Some important distinctions in linguistics
II.Procedures
A.Get to know each other(5’)
B.Introduce the book as well as the authors(10’)C.Requirements and evaluation of the course(5’)D.New Contents:
1.What linguistics is(20’)
2.The scope of linguistics(25’)
(1)The core of linguistics:
a.Phonetics
b.Phonology
c.Morphology
d.Syntax
e.Semantics
f.Pragmatics
(2)Interdisciplinary branches of linguistic study
a.Scociolinguistics
b.Psycholinguistics
c.Applied Linguistics
3.Some important distinctions in linguistics(23’)
(1)prescriptive vs.descriptive
(2)synchronic vs.diachronic
(3)speech vs.writing
E.Home work(2’)
(1)Qs 1-5(Pp.7-9)(oral)
(2)Gather information about Sauure and Chomsky
(3)Prepare the rest of 1.1.3
Lecture 2
Chapter 1 Introduction
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.other important distinctions in linguistics
2.The definition of language
3.Some functions of language II.Procedures
A.Review questions(15’):
1.How do you understand that “linguistics is the scientific study of language”?
2.What's the difference between phonetics and phonology?
3.What's the difference between semantics and pragmatics?
4.Why is speech considered as the primary medium of human language?
B.New Contents:
1.other important distinctions in linguistics(25’):
(4)Langue Vs.Parole
(5)Competence Vs.performance
(6)Traditional grammar Vs.modern linguistics
2.The definition of language(15'):
a.The definition
b.How to understand the definition
3.Some of the functions of language(33'):
a.Informative
b.Interrogative
c.Interpersonal
d.Performative
e.Directive
f.Emotive
g.Expreive
h.Phatic
i.Recreational
j.Metalingual
C.Home work(2’)
1.Pp.12 6(written)
2.Prepare the rest of the chapter.Lecture 3
Chapter 1 Introduction
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.Some design features of language
2.Some theories as to the origin of language II.Procedures
A.Review questions(15’):
1.What’s the difference between langue and parole?
2.What’s the difference between competence and performance?
3.What’s the difference between the distinction of langue Vs.parole and that of competence Vs.performance?
4.Please name and explain with examples some functions of language.B.New Contents:
1.Five design features of language(25’):
a.Arbitrarine
b.Productivity
c.Displacement
d.Duality
e.Cultural transmiion
2.Some theories as to the origin of language(15):
a.The Divine-Origin Theory
b.The Invention Theory:
1.The Bow-wow theory
2.The Pooh-pooh theory
3.The “Yo-he-ho” theory
4.The Ding-dong theory
c.the evolutionary theory
1.Children are born with both thought and language.2.The development of the physical apparatus for speech.3.It is labor that created the neceity for language.C.Home work(2’)
1.P.12, Q8(oral)
2.Prepare 2.1&2.2.Lecture 4 Chapter 2 Phonology
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.The phonic medium of language
2.The branches of phonetics
3.Organs of speech
4.Orthographic representation of speech sounds
5.Claification of English speech sounds II.Procedures
A.Review questions(10’):
Give examples to show the following features that make human language different from animal communication system:
1.Arbitrarine
2.Productivity
3.Duality
4.Displacement
5.Cultural transmiion
B.New Contents:
1.The concept of phonic medium of language and speech sounds(10’)
a.The phonic medium of language
b.Speech sounds
2.Three branches of phonetics(10’):
a.articulatory phonetics
b.acoustic phonetics
c.auditory phonetics
3.Organs of speech(15’)
a.the pharyngeal cavity
b.the oral cavity
c.the nasal cavity
4.Claification of English speech sounds(43)
a.consonants Vs.vowels
b.Consonants
c.vowels
C.Home work(2’)
1.P.31: 2-5(oral)
2.P.31: 6(written)
3.Prepare 2.3: Phonology
Lecture 5 Chapter 2 2.3 Phonology
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.The differences between phonology and phonetics
2.The concepts of phone, phoneme, allophone, phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, and minimal pair
3.Some rules in phonology
4.Some suprasegmental features II.Procedures
A.Review questions(10’):
1.In what ways can English consonants be claified?
2.In what ways can English vowels be claified?
B.New Contents:
1.Phonology and Phonetics(10’)
a.Phonology
b.Differences between Phonology and Phonetics
2.Phone, Phoneme, and Allophone(15’):
a.Phone
b.Phoneme
c.Allophone
3.Phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, and minimal pair(20’)
a.Phonemic contrast
b.complementary distribution
c.minimal pair
d.Minimal set
4.Some rules in phonology(15’)
a.Sequential rules
b.Aimilation rule
c.Deletion rule
5.Suprasegmental features(18’)
a.Stre
b.Tone
c.Intonation
C.Home work(2’)
1.Review
2.P.31: 7-10(oral)
3.Prepare Chapter 3
Lecture 6
Chapter 3 Morphology
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture:
1.Types of Morphemes a.Prefix/suffix
b.Free/bound c.Derivational morpheme/inflectional morpheme 2.English word formation a.derivation b.compound II.Procedures
A.Review question s(10’)
1.How are English consonants claified? 2.How are English Vowels claified?
B.New Contents(77’)
1.definition 2.types of Morphemes a.Prefix/suffix b.Free/bound c.Derivational morpheme/inflectional morpheme 3.English word formation a.derivation b.compound a)grammatical category b).stre c).meaning 4.contrast between English and Chinese word formation
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(2’)
1.Review 2.Pp.40 Ex.1-4(oral)3.Prepare Chapter 5
Lecture 7
Chapter 5 Semantics(5.1-2)
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.The scope of phonetics
2.A brief history of semantics
3.4 views concerning the study of meaning
4.Claification of meaning II.Procedures
A.Review questions(10’):
Q1.What’s the difference between phonetics and phonology?
Q2.Define the following terms:
a.phoneme
b.allophone
c.minimal pair
B.New Contents:
1.The scope of semantics(10’)
a.Definition
b.Scope
2.A brief history of semantics(10’): preparatory
a.etymological
b.structuralist
c.pluralist
3.4 views concerning the study of meaning(43’)
a.the naming theory
b.the conceptualist view
c.contextualism
d.behaviorism
4.Claification of meaning(15)
a.Grice's
b.Kitty's
c.Leech's
C.Home work(2’)
1.Review
2.Q1, Pp82.(oral)
3.Prepare 5.3: Lexical meaning
Lecture 8
Chapter 5 Semantics(5.3)
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.The distinction between sense and reference
2.Major sense relations on the lexical level
a.synonymy
b.polysemy
c.homonymy
d.hyponymy
e.antonymy II.Procedures
A.Review question(10’):
What are the major views concerning the study of meaning?
B.New Contents:
1.Sense and reference(20’)
a.sense
b.reference
c.sense Vs.reference
2.Major sense relations on the lexical level(58’):
a.Synonymy
i.dialectal
ii.stylistic
iii.differing in their emotive or evaluative meaning
iv.collocational
v.semantically different
b.polysemy
c.homonymy
d.hyponymy
e.antonymy
i.gradable antonyms
ii.complementary antonyms
iii.relational opposites
C.Home work(2’)
1.Review
2.Qs 2-4, Pp82.(oral)
3.Prepare 5.4: Sense relations between sentences
Lecture 9
Chapter 5 Semantics(5.4/5.5)
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.Major sense relations between sentences:
a.X is synonymous with Y
b.X is inconsistent with Y
c.X entails Y
d.X presupposes Y
e.X is a contradiction
f.X is semantically anomalous
2.Major presupposition triggers
II.Procedures
A.Review questions(10’):
1.What’s the difference between sense and reference?
2.What are the major sense relations on the lexical level? Explain.B.New Contents:
1.Major sense relations on the syntactic level(35’):
a.X is synonymous with Y
b.X is inconsistent with Y
c.X entails Y
d.X presupposes Y
A brief introduction of presupposition triggers
1)definite descriptions
2)factive verbs
3)implicative verbs
4)change of state verbs
5)iteratives
6)verbs of judging
7)adverbial clauses of time
8)cleft sentences
9)structures and expreions indicating comparison
10)counterfactual conditionals
11)non-restrictive attributive clauses
12)questions
e.X is a contradiction
f.X is semantically anomalous
2.Componential analysis(23’):
1.Definition
2.Examples
3.Claification of semantic features
4.Abstraction of semantic features
5.Strong Points
6.Weak Points
3.Predication analysis(20’)
1.Sentence Meaning
2.Grammatical meaning
3.Selection Restriction
4.Predication Analysis
5.Examples
6.More Examples
7.CA+PN
8.Strong points of formalization of meaning
9.Weak points of formalization of meaning
C.Home work(2’)
1.Review
2.P82: 2-5(written)
3.Prepare 6: Pragmatics
Lecture 10 Chapter 6 Pragmatics 6.1 Some Basic Notions
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.definition of pragmatics
2.difference between pragmatics and semantics
3.context
4.difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning
II.Procedures
A.Review question(10’):
1.Define the following 2 terms:
(1)Componential analysis
(2)Predication analysis
2.What does a predication consist of?
B.New Contents:
1.Definition(25’):
1.different definitons
2.common place
3.topics in pragmatics
4.origin and development of pragmatics
2.pragmatics vs.semantics(15’)
1.research methods
2.scope
3.key in the distinction
3.Context(15’)
1.definiton
2.cognitive context
3.importance of context
4.examples
4.Sentence meaning vs.utterance meaning(23’)
1.Sentence vs.utterance
2.sentence meaning vs.utterance meaning
3.examples
4.more examples
C.Home work(2’)
1.Review
2.Pp.94: Ex.1-3(oral)
3.Prepare 6.2
Lecture 11 Chapter 6 Pragmatics 6.2 Speech Act Theory
I.Objectives: Ss are to know the following from this lecture
1.Austin’s model of speech acts
2.Searle’s claification of speech acts
3.Speech act theory and indirectne of speech
II.Procedures
A.Review question(15’):
1.What’s the difference between pragmatics and semantics?
2.What’s the difference between sentence meaning and utterance meaning?
• 3.Try to think of contexts in which the following sentence can be used for other purposes than just stating a fact: •
“The final examination is drawing near.”
B.New Contents:
1.Austin’s model of speech acts
(35’)
1.Origin of the theory
2.Examples of performatives
3.Main idea
4.Felicity/Happine conditions
5.Grammatical and lexical criteria
6.Counter examples
7.More counter examples
8.Cancellation of the distinction
9.Development of the theory
10.“Three act” model
11.Example
12.Austin’s claification of IA
13.Austin’s Place
2.Searle’s claification of speech acts(25’)
1.Criteria for the claification
2.5/6 types of IA
3.Speech act theory and indirect speech(13’)
1.Indirectne of speech
2.Examples
3.Speech act theory and indirect speech
C.Home work(2’)•
1.Review • 2.Pp.94: Ex.4-6(oral)• 3.Prepare 6.3
Lecture 12 Chapter 6 Pragmatics 6.3 Principle of Conversation
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture:
1.The main ideas of CP 2.The flouting of the maxims and conversational implicature 3.The flouting of the maxims and rhetoric 4.Development of CP II.Procedures
A.Review questions(10’)
1.According to Austin, what are the three acts a person is poibly performing while making an utterance.Explain with the following example: “Oh!What nice apples!”
2.Explain with examples the five types of illocutionary act claified by Searle:(1)representatives
(2)directives
(3)commiives(4)expreives(5)declarations
B.New Contents:
1.CP Proper(25’)
1.Origin of the theory 2.Main idea 3.CP explained 4.The maxims
2.The flouting of the maxims and conversational implicature(35’)
1.Main idea 2.Examples 3.Exercises 4.More exercises 5.Features of conversational implicature
3.Flouting of the maxims and rhetoric(10’)
1.Main idea 2.Examples 3.More Example
4.Post-Gricean Developments(8’)1.Some weak points of CP 2.Post-Gricean developments
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(1’)
1.Review 2.Pp.94: Ex.7(written)
3.Prepare Chapter 7
Lecture 13
Chapter 7 Language Change
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture: 1.Changes at different levels of language a.sound b.grammar c.vocabulary 2.Recent change in normal English usage 3.Causes of language change
II.Procedures
A.Review question(10’)
What are the four maxims of the CP? Try to give your own examples to show how flouting of these maims gives rise to conversational implicature.B.New Contents(77’)
1.Sound change 2.morphological and syntactic change a.change in “agreement” rule
b.change in negation rule c.proce of simplification d.lo of inflections 3.Vocabulary change a.addition of new words b.lo of words c.changes in the meaning of words 4.Some recent trends
1).Moving towards greater informality 2).The influence of American English 3).The influence of science and technology
a.space travel b.computer and internet language
c.ecology 5.Causes of language change 1).The rapid development of science and technology 2).Social and political changes and political needs 3).The way children acquire the language 4).Economy of memory 5).The desire to be intelligible
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(2’)
1.Review 2.Pp.109: 1-8(oral)3.Prepare Chapter 8(1-2)
Lecture 14
Chapter 8 Language and Society(8.1-8.2)
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture: 1.The scope of sociolinguistics a.The relatedne between language and society b.Speech community and speech variety c.Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies 2.Varieties of language a.dialectal varieties
b.register c.degree of formality II.Procedures
A.Review question(20’)
1.Define the following 4 terms: 1)bound morpheme 2)free morpheme 3)derivational morpheme 4)inflectional morpheme
2.List as many as poible methods for the addition of new words.3.What are the 3 procees for semantic change of words?
B.New Contents(67’)
1.The scope of sociolinguistics a.The relatedne between language and society b.Speech community and speech variety c.Two approaches to sociolinguistic studies 2.Varieties of language a.dialectal varieties 1).regional dialect 2).sociolect 3).language and gender 4).language and age 5).idiolect 6).ethnic dialect b.register c.degree of formality
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(2’)
1.Review 2.Pp.126 Ex.1-6(oral)3.Prepare Chapter 8(3-5)
Lecture 15
Chapter 8 Language and Society(8.3-8.5)
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture: 1.standard dialect 2.pidgin and Creole 3.bilingualism and digloia
II.Procedures
A.Review question(15’)
1.What are the ways that language is related with society? 2.List as many dialectal varieties as poible.3.What are the three social variables that determine the register? What is each concerned with?
B.New Contents(72’)
1.standard dialect a.definition b.features 2.pidgin and Creole a.pidgin 1).definition 2).features b.Creole 1).definition 2).features 3.bilingualism and digloia a.bilingualism b.digloia
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(2’)
1.Review 2.Pp.126 Ex.7-8(oral)3.Prepare Chapter 9(1-4)
Lecture 16
Chapter 9 Language and Culture(9.1-4)
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture: 1.the scope of the study 2.what culture is 3.the relationship between language and culture 4.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
II.Procedures
A.Review question(15’)Define the following 4 terms: 1.Pidgin 2.Creole 3.Bilingualism 4.digloia
B.New Contents(72’)
1.the scope of the study a.language and culture b.language and thought 2.what culture is a.definition b.culture Vs.nature 3.the relationship between language and culture a.example b.specific relationships c.summary 4.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis a.definition b.weak version c.strong version d.comment
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(2’)
1.Review 2.Pp.141 Ex.1-2(oral)3.Prepare Chapter 9(5-8)
Lecture 17
Chapter 9 Language and Culture(9.5-9.8)
I.Objectives
Ss are to know the following through this lecture:
1.linguistic evident of cultural differences 2.significance of cultural teaching and learning 3.cultural overlap and diffusion 4.intercultural communication
II.Procedures
A.Review question(15’)
Define the term: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
B.New Contents(72’)
1.linguistic evident of cultural differences a.greetings and terms of addre b.thanks and compliments c.color word d.privacy and taboos e.rounding off numbers f.words and cultural-specific connotations g.cultural-related idioms, proverbs and metaphors 2.significance of cultural teaching and learning 3.cultural overlap and diffusion a.cultural imperialism b.linguistic imperialism c.linguistic nationalism 4.intercultural communication
C.Summary(1’)
III.Home work(2’)
1.Review 2.Pp.141: 3-6(oral)3.Get prepared for the exam
