中级口译资料整理完整版_中级口译资料

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中级口译资料整理完整版

中高级口译综述篇1 中高级口译考试“热” 1．证明高水平英语能力

中高级口译注重听、说、读、写各方面的能力，是最有效的证明 2．地区认可度高-就业通行证

各地区对英语的认可程度不同：华北、东北地区看重四、六级；西部地区看重四级；华中地区注重考研；华东地区注重中高级口译。3．大幅度提高英语应用能力

工作注重口语、翻译和词汇量，而口语需要业务、专业方面的知识参加中高级口语考试，即使不通过，也是对自己能力的提高

听译训练策略

中高级口语考试中，翻译为重点，听译、笔译、口译的知识量大，形式多样（12：30－13：48）

4．先练听写-再练听译

逐词记录，不怕反复，一句一句听，保证听写的正确性，然后再翻译 5．化整为零-化零为整

段落翻译信息太长，应循序渐进，把长段落划分为较短的部分后听写，随着能力的提高，逐步加大难度

6．精听速记-笔录信息

平时多做速记练习（shorthand writing），只抓关键词，抓住主谓宾、主系表，注意数字和时间

例：Our families and communities are stronger.Crime is at a 25-year low.What’s more, over seven million Americans have been lifted out of poverty.单词记录方法：长单词，记首字母、简写；直接写汉字；符号、标志

笔译训练策略

7．广泛收集各类词汇

中级口译词汇为6000，而对于高级口译则是knows no bound 许多词汇、短语不能直译，要精妙表达，要不择手段的收集词汇

多读英文报纸，了解新闻术语，尤其是：政府新闻动态，网络科技术语、金融贸易术语、医疗体育术语、旅游级导游词、导游术语、医术文学表达等

例：纳米技术：nanometer technology 克隆技术：cloning technology 转基因食品：genetically modified food 死机：system halted 垃圾邮件：spam 升值：appreciate 上市：go IPO(initial public offering)海啸：tsunami 猪链球菌病：pig disease affected by streptococcus suis 禽流感：bird flu 超级女生：Mongolian Cow Super Girl Contest 海选：wide selection from a large number of candidates 商品房：commercial residential houses 经济适用房：economically affordable houses 神舟六号发射：succefully launching of Shenzhou No.6 Space Shuttle 地铁：metro/subway/tube 轻轨：elevated train 磁悬浮：magnetically levitated train

8．把握各种翻译手段翻译所追求的境界是：信、达、雅

原则：翻译非一日之功，但大量的翻译可以提速

多读翻译方面的理论著作

运用增词法、减词法、换词法以及倒译、分译、合译等多种手段处理翻译 9．参照样本英汉互译

翻译练习不能只求数量，也要注重质量，要选择样本进行对照最开始可以使用杂志作为样本，以后可以使用小说等素材推荐杂志《英语世界》

口译训练策略

10．培养良好口译状态

不要紧张，注意表情状态，训练前先做深呼吸冷静从容，发音清晰，吐字清楚、随机应变 11．手脚并用突破段落适当记录关键词，对时间、数字要敏感 12．进行三种口译训练

偷听训练法

听公车上、办公室身旁的人说什么，然后翻译，并说出来报纸训练法

以报纸为素材，读一句，翻一句，遇见生词，马上查影片训练法

找有兴趣的电影，精读、精听第一遍：先看情节，看中文字幕第二遍：英文字幕第三遍：没有字幕

第四遍：关掉声音，看中（英）文字幕，做配音

中高级口译综述篇2

三、中高级口译考试备考策略

（一）听力部分备考策略

提高口译听力水平的过程其实是不断丰富知识、发展技巧、锤炼自己分析、推断水平的综合能力训练。

第一步：保持冷静和自信的心理素质

第二步：根据语言传达的信息，把抽象的英语文字变成形象图画反映于脑海中。通过动态连续的画面，避开英汉互译的无序性，进而抓住表达的主干。运用英语形象性的特点对口译听力技能培养有以下帮助

口译听力的语速很快，英语的形象性可以帮助我们迅速借助形象的画面记忆抽象的语言文字。

形象性思维帮助听者抓住听力内容的主干。形象性思维能够帮助我们猜测尚未听懂的部分。形象性思维能帮助我们进行连贯记忆。

第三步：对口译听力的练习不要盲目追求题海战术，应该把注意放到听过的历年真题上，并对真题中听力部分的细节进行认真模仿和分析。模仿的两个原则：简单原则

模仿那些语言结构简单、纯正的句子。精准原则

模仿要达到惟妙惟肖、精益求精的地步。

第四步：学习大力补充、扩展听力材料中常用词汇和句式的其他用法和含义。第五步：努力挖掘听力语言背后的思维模式和英美文化背景。

第六步：背诵记忆历年听力考试材料第七步：认真走过前面六步，你将创造奇迹。

（二）口语部分备考策略

何谓口语：语音、语调和节奏、用词表达、思维和文化

考生行之有效提高以上四方面能力的方法：四大结合四大结合：

input 与output相结合，输入和输出的结合输入：平时多积累语言素材输出：大胆开口说英文

逻辑思维与形象思维相结合逻辑思维：口语表达中需要的严密的思辨意识理解能力。形象思维：变抽象文字为形象图画的思维方式。

Model 与Multiply相结合，模仿与扩展的结合模仿各种语言材料的各个细节。

扩展就是在模仿跟读的基础上，大力发散和扩充高频口语词汇、句式的意思和使用方法。

Mine 与Memorize相结合，挖掘与背诵的结合挖掘了语言的内涵后加以有目的的背诵

（三）口译部分备考策略

1、口译部分备考双保险：

第一重：考试前“听力理解”、“瞬间记忆”与“即时互译”三管齐下。课堂内强化听力理解、瞬间记忆能力，课堂外提高即时互译的能力。

即时互译材料可以多看外文节目，多听外文广播，特别是上海东方卫视的英语新闻。图书推荐《中高级口译考试词汇必备》

第二重：“心记”“与“笔记”双管齐下笔记是心记的有力补充。

要根据个人的特点创造适合自己的笔记方法。

口译笔记“五要诀”

少写多划少字多意少横多竖快速书写装备齐全

口译备考“四建议”

熟悉教程侯考轻松备考充分考试投入

困了睡觉，醒了微笑。喜欢下午的阳光，它让我相信这个世界任何事情都会有转机，相信命运宽厚和美好。

中级口译翻译篇

讲课的主要内容分为两部分，第一部分是翻译的基本理论问题，第二部分是常见的翻译技巧。第一章翻译基本理论

一、翻译的特点

学习英语的四项基本技能可以分为输入（听、读）和输出（说、写）两组

（一）输入方面的三类错误：语言类错误、文化类错误、政治类错误三类错误的重要性递增、出现频率递减

1、政治类错误: Imperial army, 翻译为“日本帝国主义军队”切勿翻译“皇军”

中国大陆可翻译为“Chinese Mainland 或 Mainland China” 后一种说法有争议

2、文化类错误: Public school, 私立学校（英）公立学校（美）

英国红学专家把“怡红公子”翻译成green boy.红色在英国含有“暴力、血腥”之意，而绿色表示没有经验

The red flags are up.危险已经出现 Red Army 有恐怖组织之嫌

Can you see any green in my eyes? 你以为我好欺负吗？你以为我没有经验吗？ green-eyed monster 嫉妒

3、语言类错误:（1）句子结构

My Minnesota hometown is a farming community of eight thousand people, tucked into the northwest corner of the state.Not a lot that is extraordinary paes through.我的家乡偏处明尼苏达州西北一角，共有八千多人，全部从事农业，路经此地者鲜有卓尔不群之人。（2）单词

The 1994 Miami Summit of the Americas initiated the proce of setting up a free trade area agreement.1994年南北美洲的迈阿密峰会启动了建立自由贸易区协议这一进程。

（3）标点问题

„ choose a gentlewoman for my sake;and for your own, let her be an active, useful sort of person, not brought up high, but able to make a small income go a good way.为了我的缘故，挑选一个淑女，当然也为了你自己。人要活泼能干，出身不必高贵，但要会理家，能靠一笔小小的收入把家里安排得妥妥贴贴。（Х）没有注意“；”

为了我，选个有身份的女人；为了你自己，选个能干管用的人，不求出身高贵，但是要会细水长流的过日子。（√）

小结：必须注意语言类错误中的句子结构问题

（二）输出方面的问题：

1、不够地道

Meet the Most Important Living Person 摘自《人人都能成功》一书，该书中文译者翻译为“会见最重要的活人” 技巧：（1）词性转换：会见当今世上最重要的人

（2）删除：会见最重要的人

2、缺少文采

In the savage fighting, Germany itself was laid waste, the towns and countryside were devastated and ravished, the people decimated.在这次野蛮的战争中，德国全境一片荒芜，城乡处处残垣断壁，惨遭蹂躏，生灵涂炭，十室九空。

小知识：decimated的来源：古罗马士兵兵变被抓后，每十人杀一人。

词根deci表示与“十”有关的，如：decimeter, decibel, decimal(point, system), decade 值得注意的是December在古罗马历法中表示十月，古罗马历法只有十个月，March表示一月, October表示八月，来源于octopus（章鱼）一词。

古罗马历法只规定了10个月，其余的时间用于观看“角斗”，角斗士的命运取决于观众。观众大拇指向上，表示生存；大拇指向下，表示投入野兽笼。所以引申出 thumb up（支持）, thumb down（反对）。

二、做好翻译的基本条件扎实的英语功底扎实的汉语功底

富贵不能淫：富（money, wealth）贵（rank，high position）淫（corrupt）

There are more than 700 murders a year in cities like New York, Detroit, Los Angeles and Houston, and most of the deaths are of blacks killed by blacks.在纽约、底特律、洛杉矶和休斯敦，一年约有700多起谋杀，大多数受害者都是黑人自相残杀。

百科全书式的知识

In the race Buddha is in the red corner and Aristotle is in the blue corner.在这场竞赛中，东方文化和西方文化针锋相对、不相上下。小知识：New York：新约克（英）新阿姆斯特丹（荷）

Wall Street：华尔街荷兰为了防御印第安人而修建的墙

第二章常见的翻译技巧

一、词义的多样性表达

1、一个单词多种表达 a thank-you letter 感谢信

a letter of recommendation 推荐信 a love letter 情书 a suicide letter 绝命书

a “Dear John” letter 绝交信（女孩子给男孩子）letter of condolence 唁函 letter of confirmation 确认信

2、多个词表达一个意思，如表达“死” to go west 归西 to pa away 谢世（常用）to die a martyr 牺牲 to rest in peace 安息 to end one’s days 寿终正寝 to commit suicide 自杀

to kick the bucket 民间说法：蹬腿 to abandon the world 撒手人寰 to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘 to come to a violent death 暴毙

to depart to the world of shadows 命赴黄泉 to release the souls from suffering 超度、解脱

to return to dust 入土

除此之外，还有多个词翻译成一个意思（主要指英译汉），不再具体讲。

3、几个单词

return to dust：与基督教文化有关 fig leaf：遮羞布

Adam’s apple：男性的喉结

You came from dust and to dust you shall return.来自尘土、归于尘土。original sin：原罪

suicide：自杀，cide表示“杀”，如：insecticide 杀虫剂, pesticide 杀虫剂, herbicide 初草剂, genocide 种族屠

杀, homicide 杀人, matricide 弑母, patricide 弑父 , regal君王君主 , regicide 弑君

commit no nuisance 请勿在此大小便 restroom 厕所

faculty lounge 教室休息室

bathroom commode 厕所（委婉的表达厕所之意）Baptist Church 洗礼会教堂

二、增减词

增词：原文意思在，表达不清楚，英文中如果不增词，就表达不够完整减词：原文中表达意思的词在，如果汉语中不把词减去的话，显得累赘如色狼：wolf 不能说color wolf

（一）添词例子：确保正确，不是100％必须

添加解释说明性文字，添加必须性文字(重点)。

1、Mr.Edwards and Mr.Cheney offered a striking contrast in appearance as they sat side by side, with Mr.Cheney looking his 63 years and Mr.Edwards looking le than his 51.来自《纽约时报》：爱得华兹先生与切尼先生并排就座时，外表殊为不同，切尼先生看上去与实际年龄63岁相仿，而爱得华兹先生看上去比实际年龄51岁年轻。

2、This great scientist was born in New England.这位伟大的科学家出生于美国东北部的新英格兰。

3、Those were the words that were to make the world bloom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.”(high priest)were to表示将来；Aaron是摩西的兄弟

正是这几句话，日后让整个世界在我面前如花展开，就像《圣经》中所说的“亚伦的杖开了花”。（来自美国的海伦凯勒）

4、三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮 Two heads are better than one.The wit of three cobblers surpaes that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind.(civic pride)

5、班门弄斧

to teach fish to swim;to teach the old granny to suck eggs to show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter 阴: negative aspect of things

（二）减词例子：

减去解释说明性文字

减去原文有、不减难受的词，减去必须性，必须减。

1、According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years).英国电信的未来学家Ian Pearson认为，这些成就预计将出现在新千年头几十年之中。

2、We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise.告诉你们，可以立即装船。

3、大会准备工作正在紧张有序地进行。

The preparations for the conference are underway in a busy but ordering manner.4、失业问题一直是我们工作的中心。

The(iue of)unemployment has always been the centre/focus of our work.三、汉语四字格的使用

只针对英译汉

Even the most beautiful became bent and toothle, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’s did, of smoke and manure.即使绝色佳人也会弯腰驼背、皓齿尽落，一身皂衣，如同奶妈的衣服一样，全是烟味，臭气熏人。

On this battle rests the fate of our nation.Let every man do his utmost.民族命运决于此役，凡我士兵必须奋力抗敌。

Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as “ragged, weary, and apathetic,” with “no hope on their faces.”

Drew Pearson，一位34岁的记者，表述他们时说，他们衣衫褴缕，疲惫不堪、冷漠无情，一脸绝望。

To Henry Kiinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful.致Henry Kiinger，精于良言、鞠躬尽瘁、逾于所司，永至不忘。

a world of difference, take a risk in desperation, await with great anxiety, decline with all sorts of excuses 天壤之别、铤而走险（孤注一掷）、翘首以待（望穿秋水）、百般推辞

四、词性的转换

(一)一般情况下：汉语动词用的多，英语名词用的多，汉译英，动词转名词；英译汉，名词转动词

绝对不允许违反这个原则。

Violation of the principle should never be allowed/tolerated.坚持一个中国的原则是实现和平统一的基础与前提。

Adherence to the “One-China” policy should serve as the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification.Everyone was away on holiday.每个人都出去度假。

He came to my home for help.他到我家来请求帮助。

I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.我非常感谢我的父亲，因为在我还是小孩子的时候，他就不停的鼓励我。

（二）单词介绍：apathetic describe1、“a”表示“无”如：: atheist 无神论者, amoral/immoral 无关道德的/没有道德的, atypical pneumonia 非典, SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome, 严重的呼吸道传染综合症

2、“path”表示情感: sympathy 同情, antipathy 反感, empathy 可以将心比心的理解他人, pathology, 病理学

3、“scribe”表示写: prescribe 开处方, script 文字资料、脚本, scripture 宗教经典, scribble 乱涂乱划, postscript 附言（商业信函中禁用）, inscribe 刻, inscription 碑铭, subscribe 订阅, manuscript 手稿，五、表达法的正反转换

原文肯定，翻译后为“不+否定”，有意想不到的效果，如：语气缓和或汉语中没有此种表达方法

Wet paint.油漆未干

Keep upright.(Handle with care.)切勿倒置（小心轻放）Admiion by invitation only.非请莫入

If it rains in Cleveland today, volunteers will stand in lines with umbrellas to keep voters dry.如果今天克里弗兰下雨，志愿者将打着伞排着队，以免选民淋湿。

If any mater should be added after this contract comes into force, then such a matter shall be agreed upon by both sides through friendly consultations and confirmed by means of exchanging official documents.本合同生效后如有未尽事宜，须经双方友好协商同意，并交换正式文本以确认

注意：表达法的正反转换要根据具体情况，主要出于两点：

1、表达习惯；

2、语气的缓和与加强

六、直译与意译尽量用直译；

两种情况下不能用直译：

1、比喻在一种语言中可以接受，而在另一种语言中不能接受

2、特别具有丰富文化内涵的词第一种情况的例子

1、drink like a fish形容一个人喝水又多又急，中文形容“牛饮”

2、turn swords into ploughs 化干戈为玉帛

3、pull the chestnut out of the fire 火中取栗

4、天下没有不散的筵席 No feast lasts forever.The best of friends must part.五十步笑百步

The pot calls the kettle black.The soldier who retreated fifty paces laughed at the one who had fallen back a hundred paces.第二种情况的例子

1、You are a clever dog.你真聪明（狗在汉语中有贬义）

2、Every dog has his day.三十年河东、三十年河西；凡人皆有得意时

3、In a word, those nonverbal meages speak to hearts, not heads.总而言之，这些非语言信息是诉之于情感、而非理智。（背景：美国总统大选时对着装等的评价）

七、句子的分与合（一）合句例子：

1、深圳机场为了方便旅客，设置了四间更衣室。室内设备齐全。

For the convenience of the paengers, Shenzhen Airport has set aside four well-equipped changing rooms.locker room(衣帽间).2、卢嘉川挨近她，情不自禁地握住了她的手。这女孩的热情、大胆和奔向革命的赤诚深深感动了他。

Lu Jiachuan, deeply moved by the girl’s paion, bravery/courage and revolutionary spirit, came up to her and couldn’t help/resist taking her hands.3、道静气得浑身发抖。她二话没说，立刻向经理辞了职。

Trembling/quivering with anger, Daojing gave the manager immediate notice without saying anything.(注意：gave notice表示辞职，预留准备时间，gave a week’s notice)

（二）分句例子：

1、本科生分为四年制和五年制两种，学生毕业考试及格并且通过论文后，即可获得学士学

位。

The undergraduate program is either four years or five years.After paing the graduation examinations and defending succefully their graduation theses, the students will be conferred a bachelor’s degree.(conferred表示授予，汉语常用获得)注意：Bachelor’s degree 学士学位 BA(Bachelor of Arts）文科学士 BS(Bachelor of Sciences)理科学士

Master ’s degree 硕士学位

Doctor’s degree 博士学位

Aociate Bachelor’s degree 专科学位 Aistant profeor 助理教授，不是助教之意 Teaching aistant 助教

2、深圳作为全国最早的特区，与内地经济往来极为密切，特别是在香港回归祖国以后，人员往来大为增加，深圳机场是全国十大机场之一。

As the Nation’s/China’s first SEZ, Shenzhen has established very close economic ties with the Nation’s inner parts.Especially after Hong Kong was returned to the motherland, the number of people arriving at and leaving Shenzhen has increased greatly.Shenzhen Airport is one of ten largest airports of the nation.注意：

1、“全国十大机场之一”可以翻成 is nation’s Top Ten airports.2、“人员往来大为增加” 可以翻成 human exchange between Shenzhen and the inner parts of Nation, 但与前面有重复

八、成语的翻译

首先要弄懂中文意思，其次追求完美套译

汉语中的成语，英语中有一个意思非常接近成语，直接套用 call a spade a spade 实话实说；实事求是

reap what one has sown 种瓜得瓜/作茧自缚（区别褒、贬义和感情色彩）kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵/涸泽而渔 castle in the air 海市蜃楼/空中楼阁过河拆桥kick down the ladder 格格不入 like a square peg in a round hole

（二）直译

在成语所包含的比喻和语言内涵被另一种文化完全接受的情况下，可以直译。

Trojan horse 特洛伊木马表示从内部起爆 sour grapes 酸葡萄表示得不到东西的心理 Sphinx’s riddle 斯芬克斯之谜，表示难解之谜 a Judas ki 犹大之吻，表示叛变、背叛

（三）直译套译均可

鉴于有些成语有对应的，但有些人喜欢把意思直接译出来 to kill two birds with one stone 一石两鸟/一箭双雕 crocodile tears鳄鱼之泪/黄鼠狼给鸡拜年

声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west/to look one way and row another 掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm/ the apple of one’s eye 对牛弹琴 play a lute to the cow/ cast the pearls before swine

（四）意译

有些比喻和文化内涵不能另一种语言作接受 in a pig’s whisper 低声的 make a monkey of somebody 嘲弄某人 the skeleton at the feast令人扫兴的人 a family skeleton 家丑

叶公好龙 profeed love of what one really fears 毛遂自荐 volunteer one’s service 初出茅庐 at the start of one’s career

（五）特别容易弄错的成语 pull somebody’s leg 嘲弄某人

eat one’s words 认错，特别承认自己说错话 dog-eat-dog 残酷的，特别表示竞争 in the seventh heaven 极为开心

背景知识：

1、上帝并非只有耶稣基督一个儿子，二儿子是洪秀全

2、耶稣基督的出生是因为上帝需要以他的死赎去全人类的原罪耶稣基督是处女生的，第一个血液纯洁的人（英文名麦当娜表示纯洁）

3、苏菲的世界，Sophia表示知识，philosophy表示“爱知识”

4、goose flesh 鸡皮疙瘩

goose step 正步

goose berry 电灯泡（情侣幽会时的第三者）

第三章中国传统文化

“传统节日”单词预热 vocabulary work 烹调 cooking cuisine 鱼肉满架 well stocked with fish and meat 象征意义 symbolic significance 农历 lunar calendar 阳历 solar calendar 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 清明节 Pure Brightne Day 重阳节 Double Ninth Day 放逐 be exiled 忠臣 loyal minister 糯米粽子 glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves 祭祀亡灵 in memory of sb.龙舟比赛 dragon boat races 中秋节 Mid Autumn Festival 满月 full moon 月饼 moon cake 蜜饯 preserved fruits 豆沙 bean paste 蛋黄 egg yolk 海鲜 seafood 家禽 poultry 饺子 dumplings 八宝饭 eight treasure rice 米羹 rice balls 油条 fried sticks 麻花 fried twisted stick 炒面 Chaomian 叉烧包 steamed bun with roast pork 粥 porridge 芋头 taro 葱油饼 pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion 有关春节的常用词

放鞭炮 let off firecrackers 耍龙灯 play the dragon lantern 耍狮子 play the lion dance 拜年 pay a new-year call

二、有关“介绍”的翻译

我很高兴向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日。

I am very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays.表示“介绍情况”时，我们可以这样翻译： to share with you brief information 在此，我愿意向朋友们介绍这些方面的情况。

I'd like to share with you brief information in this respect.to brief you on 借此机会，我愿意向各位朋友介绍中国加入世贸组织和参与经济全球化的有关情况。I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to brief you on China's acceion to WTO and participation in economic globalization.14

to give a brief account of 我简单介绍我厂的情况。

Let me, first of all, give you a brief account of this factory.在来宾们参观我校之前，请允许我简要介绍一下我校的概况。

Before you start to look around, I would like to give you a brief account of our school.to tell us how/what 请主席先生介绍一下中国农村扶贫运动的情况。

Will Mr.Chairman tell us how the anti-poverty drive is going on in China?

to show you 我想向您介绍一下我们初步拟定的活动日程。

I would like to show you our tentative itinerary.to provide sb.with some information 借此机会，向各位介绍上海经济发展和开展国际经贸交往的一些情况。

I’d like to take this opportunity to provide you with some information about Shanghai’s economic development and its foreign trade.7.share a piece of my mind

三、实考题分析

中国的传统节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平时有所不同之外，一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。

Traditional holiday meals are different from everyday meals in terms of quantity and quality.In addition, some foods with a long history and symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.例如，我国的端午节是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子。For example, on the Dragon Boat Festival, a day set aside in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan, people will hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, a kind of glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon.The round moon is a symbol for completene, and family reunion.The special food of the day is

the yuebing, a round moon cake.春节是中国的农历新年，除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统菜肴，如饺子和年糕。

The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday.In addition to the popular seafood, poultry and meat, people will prepare traditional food, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the year cake according to their regional custom.“武术”单词预热 vocabulary work 武术 martial art 武术宫 martial art palace 健身 bodybuilding 减肥 lose weight 填写登记表 fill in a form 会员卡 membership card 古代格斗术 form of combat 习武 practice martial art 中国武术协会 Chinese Martial Arts Aociation 扣人心弦的表演 thrilling performance 杂技 acrobatics 顶尖/身怀绝技/无懈可击的 top/first-rate/ 武林高手 profeional martial artist warrior, sumono, knight, errant, martial artist, swordsman

单句翻译练习：

武术又称功夫，在中国已经有1000年历史了。

Wushu, known as Kongfu or martial arts, has a history of a thousand years in China.中国的劳动人民练习武术以强身健体和自我保护，武术至今仍大受欢迎。

The working people in China practice Wushu for physical training and self-defense and Wushu is still immensely popular today.中国武术还引起了外国人的兴趣，在全世界不少国家，都有人学习武术。

Chinese Wushu has also aroused interest among foreigners and is taught in many countries throughout the world.练习武术有各种各样的固定套路，有的要赤手空拳，有的要拿武器。

Wushu is practiced in various types of set exercises, either bare-handed or with weapons.武术是中国特有的民族运动，它可以锻炼身体，培养意志力，训练打斗技巧。

A unique Chinese national sport, Wushu builds strong bodies, steels the willpower and gives training in fighting skills.五、实考题分析

欢迎光临上海武术中心。在这里您可以健身、减肥、结交朋友，以及了解中国文化。

Welcome to Shanghai Martial Arts Center.Here you can do exercise to build up your body, reduce your weight, make new friends, as well as learn about Chinese culture.我们的武术协会还为各位来宾准备了精彩的节目。除了武术表演，您还可以观赏京剧节目和杂技表演。

In addition, our Martial Art Aociation has prepared some fabulous programes for our visitors.You can watch martial art performances, Peking Opera and acrobatic shows.倘若您想亲身体验一下中国武术，我们可以派一流的教师进行团体或个别指导。

If you want to get some personal experience with Chinese martial arts, we have first cla teachers for individual or group training.我们的武术专卖店出售有关中华武术的图书资料、录像带和激光视盘。满足您的需要是本中心的服务宗旨。

Our martial art store sells books, video tapes and VCDs on Chinese martial arts.To meet your need is the purpose of our service.六、传统文化词汇补充

气功 controlled breathing exercise 春联 spring couplet 剪纸 paper-cut 戏剧脸谱 theatrical mask 国画 traditional Chinese painting 中药 TCM 单口相声 monologue comic talk 对口相声 witty dialogue;comic cro talk 马戏 circus performance 传说 legend 神话 mythology 寓言 fable 二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms 火药 gunpowder 印刷术 movable type printing 造纸术 paper making 指南针 compa 四书：

大学 The Great Learning 中庸 The Doctrine of the Mean 论语 The Analects of Confucius 孟子 the Mencius

三国演义 Three Kingdoms 西游记 Journey to the West Monkey King 红楼梦 Dream of the Red Mansions Story of the Stone 水浒传 Outlaws of the Marsh All men are brothers

诗经 The Book of Songs 书经 The Books of History 易经 I Ching The Book of Changes 礼记 The Book of Rites

孙子兵法 The art of War 孝经 Book of Filial Piety 三字经 three word chant 八股文 stereotyped writing 重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage

第四章实考题分析

一、口语题目范文分析 Good Health As a popular saying goes: “Health is better than wealth.” Good health enables one to enjoy his life and achieve what he hopes for in his career.On the other hand, poor health tends to deprive one of his interest in everything around him.Therefore, health is indispensable to one’s happy life.There are many ways, I think, which can help to build up one’s health.In the first place, those who always work from morning till night should find time to relax because too much stre can lead to poor performance and ill health.Secondly, if one wants to keep healthy, he must give up the habits that damage his health.Finally, regular exercises are eential for a healthy mind and body.To the best of my knowledge, there is nothing more healthful than a brisk walk in the morning.Personally, I like running in the morning.And I have benefited a lot of from it.My health condition is getting better and better.So I will persist in doing so in the future.这篇口语表述中运用到的技巧：

1、引用谚语

2、使用常用短语和句型

3、作比较

4、使用关联词

5、用明确的词表明自己的观点

6、用自己举例子

7、常用的序数词

小贴士：口语阐述时最好能加上自己的亲身经历

二、口译实考练习英译汉 Paage 1: In terms of its impact on our society, I think AIDS will certainly be the number one serious public-health hazard going into the next century.// 从对我们社会所造成的影响这个角度来看，我认为艾滋病必定是我们进入下一世纪的头号健康大敌。

AIDS ：Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome Among all the ways and means, a maive educational campaign is the only thing conceivable at the moment that can really help.// 在所有措施中，开展大规模的教育活动是目前唯一行之有效的办法。

Some people argue that a nationwide, or worldwide, educational campaign on AIDS awarene is difficult, expensive and therefore impoible.I think their argument is groundle.// 有些人认为，在全国范围或全世界范围开展提防艾滋病的教育活动难度大，代价高，因而无法实施。我认为这种观点是毫无根据的。

We'll have to convince people that they're better of knowing than not knowing the fact, because they can take actions, treat the problem and control AIDS infection with appropriate drugs.我们应该使人们相信，了解实际情况总比蒙在鼓里好，因为了解实情后我们便可以行动起来，共同研讨这一问题，并可以用适当的药物来控制疾病的传染。参考书录《中高级口译口试备考精要》 Paage 2: People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it.// 不同文化背景的人在一起有时会做出一些令对方感到不舒服的事，他们并非故意要这样做，有时甚至连自己也未察觉。

Most Americans are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and ringing people together formally or informally.// 大多数美国人通常天真、率直，友好坦率，喜欢结识人，欢迎客人来访，愿意召集正式的或非正式的聚会。

They tend to be informal and speak freely.So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel.They will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again.// 美国人往往不拘礼节，说话毫无拘束。所以要是你的美国主人做出了使你感到不舒服的事，你应该设法让他们知道你的感受。他们会喜欢你的诚实态度，尽量不再做你不喜欢的事。Sometimes Americans are said to be superficially friendly.Perhaps it seems so.Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends with people in the United States.有时美国人的友善会被视为一种表面现象。或许看上去确实是这么一回事。同其他地方一样，与美国人结成真正的朋友是需要一段时间的。补充：文化差异方面的口译练习

Much busine in the United States is conducted on the telephone.The average

busineman spends much of his time on the telephone making busine contacts.在美国许多生意都是通过电话谈的。一般的生意人都花很多时间打电话，接洽生意。However, it usually will not be convenient to make initial contracts between Chinese and U.S.businees by telephone.但是，中国公司和美国公司通过电话商讨初步协议通常很不方便。

There is no particular style to American negotiations.The way the negotiations are conducted will vary from one busine to another and will depend upon the individuals involved.与美国人谈判并无特别的样式。谈判的方式视业务不同而不同，取决于参与谈判的人员。Although Americans have a reputation for making quick decisions, this is not always true when a corporation is involved in a major venture or a large project.Therefore, you should also be prepared for lengthy negotiations.虽然美国人享有决策果断的声誉，但是，在公司着手进行主要或重大项目时，决策并非总是果断的。因此，你也要做好准备进行冗长的谈判。

四、口译实考分析汉译英 Paage 1: 中餐桌上最神奇、最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子。几千年来我们中国人一直视筷子为一种最简单同时也是最有效的用餐工具。

No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks.For thousands of years we Chinese have always regarded chopsticks the simplest poible and the most efficient tool for meals.关于筷子的用料，其种类各有不同，选材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、金银等。Chopsticks can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, jade, ivory, plastic, gold and silver and so on.对于西方人来说，掌握用筷的方法和技巧在开始时也许难度很大，但是只要有耐心，用心去练，不久便可以熟练地使用筷子享用中餐。

For Westerners, the mastery of the method and skills for using chopsticks may be quite challenging at the beginning.But as long as you have patience and concentrate on practice, you will soon be able to use chopsticks skillfully enough to enjoy a Chinese meal.如果想享用一顿真正意义上的中餐，那么花时间耐心学习用筷技艺不仅很有必要，而且也很有趣。

If you want to enjoy a Chinese meal in the real sense, it is not only neceary, but also very interesting, to spend some patient time learning to acquire the skills of using chopsticks.Paage 2：

中国是一个多民族国家，具有经济发展不平衡的特点。在这块辽阔的土地上，人们使用多种语言和方言。

China is a multi-national country featuring unbalanced economic development, In the vast territory, different languages ad various dialects are used.// 几十年来，政府一直号召推广普通话，作为标准汉语，但在相当多的人口中，普通话还未能成为日常使用的交流工具。

Even though the government has called for popularization of Mandarin as the standard Chinese language for decades, it has not become the daily-use communication tool among a considerable number of the people.// 这显然阻碍了经济发展与社会进步。毫无疑问，推广和提倡使用普通话对加快中国改革开放的步伐是举足轻重的。

This obviously hinders economic development and social progre.Undoubtedly the popularization and promotion of Mandarin is vital to speeding up China's reform and opening up drive.// 这样做，将有助于提高汉语信息管理技术，因此，符合全体中国人民的根本利益。It will help improve the technology of information management in Chinese.Therefore, it is the basic interests of all Chinese.补充有关餐桌礼仪的句子翻译

中国人吃饭用筷子，西方人则用餐刀、餐叉。有些人会用筷子，但大多数人则不行，所以在西方客人摆餐具时，筷子旁边再摆上刀叉是很明智的做法。

Chinese eat with chopsticks while most of the westerners eat with knives and forks.Some westerners may be quite good at using chopsticks, but most of them are not, therefore when setting a table at which westerners are entertained, it is always advisable to place knives and forks along side the chopsticks.中国的宴席，把菜肴摆在餐桌中央。西方人则不习惯把手伸得老长，满桌子挥舞。然而，中国人的习惯就是各人从餐桌中央菜盘子里夹菜。所以，宴请外国客人时，这一点应该向他们讲明白。

At Chinese dinner parties, the dishes are usually placed in the middle of the table.Westerners are not used to reaching for something over the table.But in China, it is usual to help oneself to the food placed at the center of the table.So when we entertain foreign guests, we should explain such table manners to them.中国人请客，主人总是不断往客人的盘子里夹菜。这使外国客人觉得非常尴尬。即便是不喜欢的菜品，他也得吃下去，因为在西方，把食物剩在盘子里是极不礼貌的行为。

At a Chinese dinner, the host always puts more food on to the guest's plate.That often makes a foreign guest feel very awkward.He has to eat the food even if he doesn't feel like it, because it is considered bad manners in the west to leave one's

food on the plate.与此相反，一个中国人出席，比方说，一个美国人举行的宴会，他常常辞谢递给他的食物或饮料。虽然他其实还饿着或渴着。这在中国可能是礼貌之举。

On the contrary, a Chinese sits at, say, an American’s dinner party, he very often refuses the offer of food or drinks though in fact he is still hungry or thirsty.This might be good manners in China, but it is definitely not in the West.五、中国国情的翻译内容补充

经过半个多世纪的艰苦努力，特别是二十多年的改革开放，中国已迈入全面建设小康社会的发展新阶段。

After over half a century of strenuous efforts, more than two decades of reform and opening-up in particular, China has now entered a new stage of development aimed at building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.但中国仍然是一个发展中国家，人口多、底子薄是中国的基本国情。中国实现自身发展的道路依然艰苦而漫长。

However, China is still a developing country, large population and inadequate economic development remain its basic national conditions.It has a long way to go before achieving its development goals.中华人民共和国是全国人民共同缔造的统一的多民族国家。迄今为止，中国有56个民族。The People’s Republic of China is a united multi-national state founded jointly by the people of all nationalities.So far, there are 56 nationalities.与汉族相比，其他55个民族人口相对较少，因此他们在习惯上被称为“少数民族”。Compared with the Han nationality, China’s other 55 ethnic groups have a relatively small population, thus they are customarily referred to as ethnic minorities.1990年中国进行了第四次人口普查，据统计，在全国总人口中，汉族人口约占92%，少数民族人口占8%。

According to the fourth national census conducted in 1990, the Han nationality accounts for 92 percent of the country’s total population, and minority ethnic groups account for 8 percent.在长期的历史发展过程中，中华民族这个大家庭中的各族人民经过融合和迁移，形成了今天的分布格局。

During China’s long history of development, the people of various nationalities in China migrated and mingled, which eventually brought about today’s distribution.六、口译考试备考方式

1、充分利用口译教程

2、复习过程中注意句式的把握，特别注意课本中术语、套词、句式的记忆

3、眼睛、嘴巴、手三者兼顾

4、多看口译的案例

中级口译听力篇

口语于听力相结合，听力的好坏取决于口语举几个例子，考察一下听力：

１、ice or water lose aim same area your own2、高级口语例子：ill at ease crude oil sleep and eat3、段子：Boys of American A helicopter carrying 8 people was reported miing.After it unloaded a cargo of foods, some crude oil and other provisions for workers digging a major tunnel for a water project for Manila, an official said yesterday.A helicopter carrying eight people was reported

老师读两遍，第一遍语速180词/分，第二遍130词/分（中口考试难度）

(二)、要听懂各个国家的发音，中级口译分为美式发音和英式发音两种，各占50％

问题: Who is presenter;Who is keynote speaker.Good morning, it is a unique honor to act as a whole city, I also understand it is an honor which comes with a great responsibility, and which requires the highest levels of cooperation with the IOC.My promise to you is that we will be your very best partners all of us who made guarantees to you are ready to deliver them now, on security, on finance, on every single undertaking we have given.If you award the game to us, I pledge to you personally, we will continue to give the highest levels of support.My entire government and the main opposition parties, too, are united behind this bid.It has total political support, I can't think of a better place than London to hold an event that unites the world.London will inspire the young people around the world and ensure the Olympic Game will remain the dream for future generation.有关伦敦申奥的短文，以美式和英式发音各读一遍，注意区别。

推荐电影：《Forest Gump》美式发音，串讲美国历史，有助于考试

《Notting hill》美式、英式结合第一章中级口译听力题型分类讲解

二、考试题型详解：

（一）Spot Dictation １、长度：300词/篇，语速：130词/分，20空，每空填１－４个词２、特征：时代性、实用性

主题主要是电脑、科技、教育

３、评分标准：每空1.5分，非关键词填写错误不扣分

3个单复数错误累计扣0.5分

４、难点：（１）听不懂，词汇难，分不清美、英发音

（２）记不下来５、技巧：（２２个字）

（1）边听边看边写：注意空前一个词（2）善用简写：

应用简写：如：some need=sm+nd（3）不懂放弃：对于不会的空，要学会放弃，不能影响下一题，造成循环（4）语法复查：一致现象：并列关系语法结构一致习惯搭配：如：keep up(with)虚词补充

（5）小心誊抄：花３分钟时间，仔细填写

（二）Listening Comprehension 一共有30题，语速：150词/分，每题间隔15－18秒１、Statements（１）题型：10句话

① I'm afraid Mr.Baker, our board director, had decided last night not to attend this morning’s committee meeting.(c)(A)Mr.Baker doesn’t like to go to the meeting last night.(B)Last night Mr.Baker decided to cancel this morning’s meeting.(C)Mr.Baker made up his mind not to go to this morning’s meeting.(D)Mr.Baker made a last-minute decision to hold the meeting this morning.②A lot of people nowadays have muscular problem in the neck, the shoulders and the back that are really due to stre and tension in their work..(a)

(A)Hard work often brings about discomfort in parts of the human body.(B)If you are nervous, you may hurt yourself in performing this kind of task.(C)Those staff members who work back to back are hard on each other.(D)This exercise is to relax your muscles in the neck, the shoulders and the back.（２）难点：同义置换

阅读速度不够快

（３）技巧：纵向阅读：先读题项，再读题，注意不同点重复记忆：句子与句子的重复点要记忆区别标明：标出题干的互异、唯一信息

熟用题型：虚拟语气、数字、转折、否定、因果、让步状语、建议、词组和习语

2、Talks and Conversations（1）考试内容：政治、经济、文化教育、语言文学、科普、交际场合语言会话（2）题型：4-5个段子，现在基本上是5个段子，每个段子四个题（3）技巧：预测考点，边听边看，留心标示

（三）Listening and Translation1、Sentence Translation（1）题型：5句。每句25个词左右，每题间有45－60秒的间隔（2）主题：灾难新闻、突发事件、经济动向、统计数据

要经常看China Daily报纸，了解“通货膨胀率、利息、失业率”等名词（3）评分标准：内容基本正确、表达通顺得满分3分

内容比较正确、表达比较通顺 2－2.5 答对一半 1.5分

关键信息错误不给分

Eg: Smoking cigarette is dangerous.It is leading course of preventable death in the United States.Every year over 400,000 Americans die at reason of smoking.And another 10 millions people suffer from smoking relative disease.注意：1数字一定要听出来 2抓住句与句之间的逻辑关系

2、Paage translation（1）题型：每段80个词，130词/分，每题间隔150－200秒（2）评分标准：第一段7分，第二段8分

语言表达占40％，内容占60％，内容错不给分

（3）难点：听：基础不牢、词汇不够、文化背景知识不丰富、特殊语法不熟悉记：最大的难点

译：只要直译就可（4）善于做笔记

（5）技巧：脑记为主，笔记为辅。

抓主体，非细节，抓内容，非语言。

第二章听力能力提高的4个有效途径

一、听力提高要有恒，有序，有量

1、有恒：每天半小时听力（精听）

2、有序：不要超前

3、有量：中口要做到100小时的精听，同传要达到1000小时

二、打通的四关：语音，词汇，文化常识，语法

1、语音：（1）辨别口音

（2）熟悉音变现象：吞读、连读、缩读（3）了解美语音标，注意语音、语调、节奏 Eg：表扬别人

You look great today.You did a good job.You are looking shark today.You’ve got a good sense of humor.You look like million dollars.incredible awful awesome You have a good taste.You always know the right thing to say.2、词汇

（1）中口词汇为7000，趋势：杂，多涉及政治、经济、英国小城镇 Eg：bar 律师团 moonlight 第二职业

（2）技巧：词汇关推荐书籍：〈英语口译资格考试分类词汇精编〉〈中级口译笔试备考精要〉

联想记忆法(词根词缀法、谐音记忆法)如：delinquency（失职）；pedophilia（恋童癖）aftermath（灾难的后果）upheaval(剧变)

3、文化常识

（1）出卷人为上外英语系教授，研究英美两国历史

考点多出于英国教育、语言与教育、美国总统就职演说、美国历史、欧洲经济情况 Eg：Queen’s bench 英国高等法院

Queen’s English 标准英语 Big Apple 纽约

It’s a quite Babylon project.不可能完成的任务

4、语法；语法复查，弥补听力问题

听力中的误区、小问题需要通过语法来弥补缩写与Spot Dictation

一、缩写练习：第一段缩写训练答案：

Many pl’s favorite hob is sports.Ty spend +thr spr tm play(g)team game like footb/baseb, Ty=they thr= their thm=them +=much ++/+2=more +3=most －=little －2＝le －3＝least the most beautiful girl = +3 beautiful girl the highest mountain = +3 high-=of spr =spare(g)＝ing game=gm footb= football baseb =baseball /=or

games for(4)2/4 pl, 4=for 2/4=2 or 4

like tennis, or golf.Sm pl like 2 prac.c spt like run(g)/swim(g).Sm=some

Pl=people 2=to prac= practice.=a/an indiv= individual run(g)=running swim(g).= swimming /=or

Pl usually prac.Spt 4 at least 3 reason.Pl= people prac= practice.=a spt= sport

1st, ty enjoy it & 2st, ty feel.Nd 2 kp fit __ tt ty feel +2 after ty had sm exer.1st= First, ty= they & = and.Nd= need kp= keep _=in-=of tt=that b+2= better m+2=more sm＝some exer＝exercise 注意：Spot Dictation中少用符号

缩写4种方法：

1、拿掉所有元音

Eg.market--------mkt standard------std meage------msg receive-------rcv2、保留开头几个字母

Eg.Information-----info Insurance------Ins

Exchange-----exch Individual-----indiv The STDｎ – MKT I RCV.MSG frm th indiv pl I want to exch info with u

3、保留开头和结尾 Eg.Week-----wk Need-----nd Meet------mt Room-----rm4、根据发音

Eg.Are-------r Though---tho Through---thru 缩写中的常用缩略词

Good----gd important-----imp Include---incd market-----mkt Situation----sitn regular-----regl life=lf Reference----ref neceary---ncry Apartment----apt

apt 右上方加ｍｍ表示ment后缀 according----acdg

g=ing

Advertisement----ad advice----adv amount —AMT conform----cfm Condition----cond

Under no condition by no means department-----dept Explain----expln impoible----imps Model---mdl observe----obs Ordinary----ord accept----acpt Balance----bal cancel----cncl Exchange----exch individual----indiv Position----posn product----prod Representative---rep repeat----rpt Please----pls poible-----po Receive----rcv

频率高的词用缩写

考试时尽量用学过的缩写，不要用太多

地名简写：

Korea : K Sweden : SD Switzerland: SW Australia: AA Israel : IS Italy : IT Spain: SP 通常是提取国家单词的首字母

缩写中较长单词的处理：

-ism---------m eg.Socialism 社会主义 S(m)local-tion---------n eg.Standardization 原始化 std(n)凡是从原始动词延伸出来的各种形容词、名字、副词，只需写出动词，各种形式从缩写的右上方进行添加处理。

-ing----------g eg.Marketing mkt(g)-ment-------mt eg.Amendment amend(mt)-ble---------bl 注：遇到以able或ible为后缀的词，可以提取bl作为信息点写在这个词的右上方

eg.Available av(bl)-ful---------fl eg.Meaningful mn(fl)

复习一下：缩写的四种方法是：

1、拿掉原因保留

2、保留开头几个字母

3、保留开头和结尾

4、根据发音缩写

逐句分析：

But spt is not just 4 participants.But＝向上的箭头或自己创造 spt＝sport 4＝for

注：遇到动词延伸的人称，可以写出动词后在右上角划一个圆圈ｅｇ： work(0)=worker teach(0)=teacher 核心词compete及延伸词

compete=comp comp(o)= competitor comp(v)=competitive

注：缩写词右上方加v表示那些以ive结尾的形容词 comp(n)=competition comp(g)=competing

Its 4 spect(o)too.spect(o)= spectator

M – pl all over the world spend hs every wk watch(g)spt event on tv, / at stadiums.M= millions T=thousand H= hundred 另一种用符号表示的方式右上方加1个“′”＝thousand 右上方加2个“′”＝millions 右上方加3个“′”= trillion –=of pl= people hs= hours wk= week watch(g)= watching spt= sport /= or

Pl enjoy be(g)fans/supp(o)– 1 team & many prof.are now as pop & fame as the +3 great Hollywd movie star。Pl = People be(g)= being fans/ = “fans” or supporter =supp(o)–= of 1= one team & many= team and many prof.= profeionals pop= popular fame= famous &=and the +3 great= the greatest

原文展示：

But sport is not just for participants.Its for spectators too.Millions of people all over the world spend hours every week watching sports events on television, or at stadiums.People enjoy being “fans” or “supporters” of one team and many profeionals are now as popular and famous as the greatest Hollywood movie stars.第三单元学习方法综述

注意：每天做30分钟精听，用缩写的方式记忆听到的内容。

第四单元听力中的音变现象和美语发音学习

一、单元综述：

本单元重点是张大嘴巴跟老师一起读，感受美语。练习我们的脸部肌肉，并体会美语发音的方式和技巧。

美语发音：

1、4个双元音

美语音标最大的区别在于其中的元音，过去学过的元音是单元音，但美语中所学的是双元音 1）｛e｝－｛ei｝ age, game, day sentence: More haste, le speed.欲速则不达第一步把每个音发准第二步加上声调

练习: It’s pay day today 今天是发工资的日子

2)｛o｝－｛ou｝结尾停在u boat, note, so 美语发音的特点：尽量在口腔的后部把音发出来。sentence: I hope so.练习：He posed for a group of photo with his old fellows.注：美语中常常对a和the进行变音，目的是为了强调ｅｇ：

This is the best opportunity we ever have to enter the market.3)｛a｝－｛ai｝ bike, mine, flight this bike of mine

sentence: All right.注：all不要卷舌

练习：Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦

4)how out, now about sentence: Let’ s get out of here.It’s kind of tough.It’s kind of torture to read mathematics everyday.练习: This is out-and-out power politics.这是彻头彻尾的强权政治2、2个后元音 1)｛半圆两点｝

发音技巧：尽量往最里吞这个音 not, bottle, hot, job, hospital sentence: It’s a promise.练习：little red lorry 红色小卡车

2)｛ｕ｝

good ,book, should sentence: She’s looking at a good book.更多例子： new student attitude due I am for this position.3、辅音t的发音

writer, letter, better, city，发音变化一：浊化

浊化原则1：ｔ处在非重读音节要浊化如：writer, letter, better, city，浊化原则2：ｔ处在重读音节不能浊化

如：Italian, attack, atomic, Latino, photographer

浊化对比：

Italy, attic（阁楼）

atom(原子), Latin, photograph

发音变化二：ｔ在词组中的发音变化：练习：pick it up I got it.right away 发音变化三：ｔ发音的特殊情况：当ｔ发的很快，就会变成ｎ的音

internet interview interesting representative

发音变化四：失去爆破 right now, just now

发音变化五：ｔ的音从鼻子里出来（美音，英音都有的一种特殊情况）Britain, mountain, fountain

4、r的发音 1）r在单词中的发音

练习: Rolly rolled a round roll around the road.spare, burglar, dirty, porch, more

2）r带动后面元音的发音 world girl pearl The girls are the pearls in the world.原则：只有字母r存在才能卷舌经常发错的音：China, America, idea

三、美语中的变音现象

1、连读

1)相同辅音的连读

bad dog 注意：不可以把音节给吞掉，只是这个音节不发音 like candy ripe pear

some money The report turned out to be totally false.这份报告完全是一派胡言。

2)辅音＋元音

It’s easy.Where’s our car? Come on in.What time is it now? Figure it out.for example

中高级口译中常常出现的连读词汇： of all ages crude oil a couple of travel agency your own our own set in motion 3)元音＋元音 be on time 注：元音ｉ后面再跟一个元音，两个元音间要加入一个“耶”的音 stay up flow out 注：元音ｏ后面再跟一个元音，两个元音间要加入一个“我”的音 grow up She works day in and day out.连读小结：相同辅音的连读辅音＋元音的连读元音＋元音的连读

2、失爆（吞读）

两个爆破音连接在一起时出现失爆（吞读）什么是爆破音：p, b, k, g, t, d

六个爆破音任何一个后面紧接着另一个爆破音或摩擦音或鼻音时，前一个爆破音将失去爆破。lap top great deal

good time the Red Cro a fast train a big change currently probably say it proudly and loudly at last

3、缩读

and---n: Do you know Nancy and David? Tom and Jerry are you---ya: Ya going to the movie tonight? What ya doing here? 缩读的原则：

绝对不会是重点音节，不可以重读只能出现在非正式场合

do you----dy’a : how dy’a feel now? How dy’a like the movie? did you---dja: how dja make it? because—cause: I don’t like her cause she’s mean

could have—could’a : you could’a hurt yourself.(should ,would same)could not have---couldn’a He couldn’a done that.can---cn: I can be there in an hour.I can do a lot of things that other people can not do it.give me : Gimme that!going to---gonna.Want to---Wanna got to---gotta: I gotta see him right now.he---e : Who’s he?

her---er: This is her husband him---im: Tell him the story.of---o: He’s sort of a strange.---He’s sorta strange.It ‘s kind of a tough.---It’s kinda tough.probably---prob’ly: He’ll prob’ly come for dinner.currently---curren’ly sure----sher.Sher, I want some bread.what if----wud if : What if we went to the movie?(what if 句型要掌握）what are you----wacha doin now?

you----ya: Catch ya later.See you later.五步分析法：划出段落中的双元音、后元音找出这段话中的吞读和连读划好本段话中的停顿标注好每段话的升降调熟读段落

第五章听力微技巧与Listening Comprehension 八大题型介绍：

一、虚拟语气题

考点：条件句

过去考试的经验：答案往往表现为否定句形式

二、数字题型

技巧：听到的数字通常不是正确答案。

通常要了解时间、日期、价钱、号码、航班等数字的不同读法。常考的数字类型： a 大额数字的听记方法: thousand ‘;million ‘’;billion ‘’’;eg.35 thousand 35’hundred and 40 thousand 840’ 1 million 5 hundred thousand 1’’ 500’billion 15 million 3 hundred 25 thousand 4 hundred and 56: 8’’’ 15’’ 325’ 456

练习方法：以口语带动听力

b 小数的读法：

小数点念”point” , 小数点前的“零”有时可以省略不念，也可念为zero, nought, oh.小数点后的零读作oh eg.0.009 : point o o nine 或 zero point o o nine 百分数的读法： eg.54.6% fifty four point six out of a hundred 0.2% two tenths of a percent

3.5% three and a half percent 54.5％

fifty four and a half percent

d-ty 与 –teen的区别

-teen结尾的有两个重读音节，-ty只有一个重读音节 eg.fifteen , fifty thirteen , thirty 19 90 18 80 17 70 16 60 15 50 14 40 13 30 12 20

e.货币单位

dollar/buck 美元 eg.Six bucks 15 dollars 95 cents quarter 25美分 dime 10美分 nickel 5美分 penny 1美分英国：pound 英镑

1英镑＝100便士

penny 便士 pence（便士的复数）

20英镑50便士： twenty pounds fifty pence.Or twenty fifty

f.时间单位

机场，车站报时：使用的是２４小时制，遇到不足１０点要补０

９：３０ o nine thirty 广播报时：Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)/ Universal time 格林尼治时间

22pm : 22 hours GMT(BBC)22 hours universal time midnight: twenty-four hours 确切时间表示年份

在二十世纪三十年代 in the 1930’s

读作: in the thirties of the twentieth century in the nineteen thirties 公元前２５３年：in the year two fifty-three B.C.h 数字用于货币

表示正常价格: regular price, normal price.表示价格划算：

It is an excellent price It is a good price/ bargain.It is a good buy.表示价格较贵：dear, expensive, steep, more expensive, 表示价格便宜：bargain price 其它说法：cheap, inexpensive, le expensive.表示减价出售：on sale, Christmas sale, garage sale(现场旧货出售)sale price

ｉ.一些数字的词组 on cloud nine 无比幸福

on cloud nine 无比幸福 eg.I was on cloud nine after I won the game.Your room at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟

on second thoughts 再三考虑

by ones and twos 零零散散

Two heads are better than one.两个臭皮匠抵个诸葛亮

in the year one 早年

I used to study in America in the year one 早年在美国读书

ten to one 很可能 Ten to one he has forgotten it

three score years and ten 一辈子

I’ll love you three score years and ten.三、转折题型重点听but后面的部分

四、否定题型

并不是你听到了not，就一定是否定，也不是你没有听到not，这个句子就不是否定。否定的三种情况完全否定部分否定双重否定

完全否定常用词： not any fail to do far from the last„to do sth.deny 部分否定常用词：

seldom hardly barely not all eg: Not all children enjoy the trip.Not everywhere is decorated.双重否定：指在句中出现两个表示否定的成分，从而表示肯定的含义。双重否定常用词：

She seldom goes out without her red dre.No one is unwilling to be a volunteer.一种考试中经常出错的特殊形式： You cannot eat too much.你吃得越多越好。

I cannot agree with you more.我太同意你的看法了。

can not后加比较级不是表示否定，而表示更加的肯定。

五、因果关系题考点：原因句

练习：

A.Mrs.Green signed when she heard the suggestion.B.Mrs.Green rejected the committee’s suggestion.C.Mrs.Green quit when her idea was not accepted.D.Mrs.Green didn’t accept the signature

Mrs.Green resigned from the committee yesterday because her proposal to close the downtown branch was rejected.六、让步状语从句题考点：

在从句条件内容的前提下，主句的情况依然出现。从句中尽管说到although„但是主句的情况不受影响。

解题技巧是：置换引导从句中的连接词，然后认清主句的内容。

练习：

1．A.Mi Brown is one of the best teachers because she has taught longer.B.Mi Brown has the best experience of all the college instructors.C.Mi Brown does not have enough qualification to teach in the college.D.Mi Brown is an excellent teacher in spite of her insufficient experience.Although Mi Brown has le teaching experience than other faculty member, she is one of the best instructors in the college.解题技巧：首先寻找是否有although置换项，立刻发现in spite of.第二步检查两句主句意思是否相符。

2．A.Lena has trouble with office work.B.Lena doesn’t like her colleagues in the office.C.Lena intends to become a full-time student.D.Lena gets on very well in her MBA studies.Lena wants to give up office work to concentrate on her MBA courses, even though she has been quite succeful at her job.七、建议和个人意见题型这种题型往往以下列方式出现：

I am afraid„ I think Why not Why can’t we How about You should You’d better 特点：所提出的建议往往是对过去状态的不满。A.Typing the memorandum is sometimes unneceary.B.You will understand it if you read the memorandum a second time.C.The first draft of the memorandum is not satisfactory.D.The first draft of the memorandum is better than the second one I’m afraid you’ll have to revise and type the memorandum of understanding a second time.中级口译阅读篇

第一章中级口译准备方法 Reading Comprehension是拿分的关键如何准备中高级口译阅读

方法一：Broaden Your Knowledge 扩展知识面中高口译很注重文化背景和丰富的知识面

1、阅读材料推荐

文体Diversity：argumentation, advertisement, handbook, story, conversation, table, extract, and feature 主题：英美政治体制、欧洲的经济状况等

要求：我们尽可能的扩展知识面