There is no place like home_thereisno等于什么

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There is no place like home

By Joel Kotkin

On almost any night of the week, Churchill’s Restaurant is hopping.The 10-year-old hot spot in Rockville Center, Long Island, is packed with locals drinking beer and eating burgers, with some customers spilling over onto the street.“We have lots of regulars----people who are recognized when they come in,” says co-owner Kevin Culhane.In fact, regulars make up more than 80 percent of the restaurant’s customers.Thriving neighborhood restaurants are one small data point in a larger trend I call the new localism.The basic premise: the longer people stay in their homes and communities, the more they identify with those places, and the greater their commitment to helping local businees and institutions thrive, even in a downturn.Several factors are driving this proce, including an aging population, suburbanization, the Internet, and an increased focus on family life.And even as the receion has begun to yield to recovery, our commitment to our local roots is only going to grow more profound.Evident before the receion, the new localism will shape how we live and work in the coming decades, and may even influence the course of our future politics.Perhaps nothing will be as surprising about 21st-century America as its settledne.For more than a generation Americans have believed that “spatial mobility” would increase, and as it did, feed an inexorable trend toward rootlene and anomie.Yet in reality Americans actually are becoming le nomadic.As recently as the 1970s as many as one in five people moved annually;by 2006, long before the current receion took hold, that number was 14 percent, the lowest rate since the census starting following movement in 1940.Since then tougher times have accelerated these trends, in large part because opportunities to sell houses and find new employment have dried up.In 2008, the total number of people changing residences was le than those who did so in 1962, when the county had 120 million fewer people.The stay-at-home trend appears particularly strong among aging boomers, who are largely eschewing Sunbelt retirement condos to stay tethered to their suburban homes----close to family, friends, clubs, churches, and familiar surroundings.Our le mobile home nature is already reshaping the corporate world.The kind of corporate nomadism described in Peter Kilborn’s recent book, Next Stop: Life Inside America’s Rootle Profeional Cla, in which families relocate every couple of years so the breadwinner can reach the next rung on the managerial ladder, will become le common in years ahead.A smaller cadre of corporate executives may still move from place to place, but surveys reveal many executives are now unwilling to move even for a good promotion.Why? Family and technology are two key factors working against nomadism, in the workplace and elsewhere.Family, as one researcher notes, “trumps money when people make decisions about where to live.” Interdependence is replacing independence.More parents are helping their children financially well into their 30s and 40s;the numbers of boomerang kids moving back home with their parents, has also been growing as job options and the ability to buy houses has decreased for the young.Recent surveys of the emerging millennial generation suggest this family-centric focus will last well into the coming decades.Nothing allows for geographic choice more than the ability to work at home.By 2015, suggests demographer Wendell Cox, there will be more people working electronically at home full time than taking ma transit, making it the largest potential source of energy savings on transportation.These home-based workers become critical to the localist economy.They will eat in local restaurants, attend fairs and festivals, taking their kids to soccer practices, ballet leons, or religious youth-group meetings.This is not merely a suburban phenomenon;localism also means a stronger sense of identify for urban neighborhoods as well as smaller towns.Fewer people are relocating than at any time since 1962.That is good news for families, communities… and even the environment.如今，搬家的美国人比1962年之后任何时候都少。这对于家庭、社区乃至于环境来说都是好消息。

新乡土观念扎根美国

每周任何一个晚上，丘吉尔餐厅都很热闹。这个位于长岛罗克韦尔中心、有着十年历史的热闹地方挤满了喝啤酒、吃汉堡的当地居民，因为店内人太多，一些顾客站到了街上。“我们有很多老主顾——他们一进餐厅就会被认出来。”合伙人凯文·卡尔汉尼说。实际上，餐厅的客人中80%以上都是老主顾。

社区餐厅生意兴旺，从这小小的数据可以窥到一个大趋势，我称之为新乡土观念。基本前提是：人们在自己的住宅或社区居住的时间越长，社区意识就越强，越会尽全力支持地方企业和机构的发展，即使在经济低迷期也是如此。推动这一趋势的因素包括：人口老龄化、城市郊区化、因特网，以及人们对家庭生活越来越多的关注。甚至在经济衰退开始转向复苏时，我们的乡土意识也只会更加深刻。新乡土观念会影响我们未来几十年的生活方式和工作方式，甚至还会影响到未来的政治进程，这一点在经济衰退前就很明显。

21世纪的美国最令人惊讶的莫过于安土重迁这一社会趋势了。不止一代的美国人认为，“空间流动”会增加，并且由此推动到处漂泊这一难以阻挡的社会反常趋势。

然而在现实生活中，美国人的空间流动实际上减少了。20世纪70年代，每年有1/5的人搬家；到2006年，即当前的衰退发生很久以前，这个数字是14%，这是自1940年追踪搬家趋势以来的最低比率。从那时起，愈发艰难的时局一直在加速这种趋势，多半是由于房屋销售市场萧条，就业机会迅速减少。2008年，搬家人口的总数比1962年还少，而1962年全国人口比2008年少1.2亿。居家趋势在正步入老年的婴儿潮一代人中尤其明显，他们大多避免居住在“阳光地带”的退休公寓，而选择住在郊区的家里——接近家人、朋友、俱乐部、教堂和熟悉的环境。

美国人变得不爱搬家，这种趋势已经在重塑职场。皮德·吉尔伯恩在最近出版的《下一站：美国职业阶层居无定所的生活》一书中描述了这种职场流动：每隔几年搬家一次，这样挣钱养家的人就能在管理层阶梯上晋升一级。但这种情况在未来若干年内就不会如此普遍。一小部分担任公司管理职务的人仍会从一地迁往另一地，但调查显示，即使有好的晋升机会，许多管理人员现在也不愿意搬迁。为什么？家庭与技术是人们不愿意搬迁的两个主要原因，无论在职场还是在其他方面，都是如此。

正如一位研究人员所讲的，家庭因素“在人们选择住处时胜过金钱”。互相依存取代了独立。更多的父母直到孩子三四十岁了还在经济上帮助孩子，“归巢族”数量一直在攀升，这是由于年轻人可选择的工作变少，购房能力降低。最近对新出现的千年一代的调查表明，未来的几十年这种以家庭为中心的模式将会持续。

在家办公最不受地理位置限制了。人口统计学家温德·考克斯估计，到2015年，在家使用计算机从事全职工作的人将多于使用大众交通工具上班的人，从而最大限度地节约用于交通运输的能源。这些在家工作者将对地方经济至关重要。他们会在当地的餐馆就餐，逛集市和参加节庆活动，带孩子练足球、学芭蕾或参加宗教的青年集会。这种现象并非郊区独有，乡土观念意味着城市里的社区也变得与小城镇一样，更让人有归属感。