室内设计论文_室内设计专业论文
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室内设计风格
室内设计的风格和流派，属室内环境中的艺术造型和精神功能范畴。室内设计的风格和流派往往是和建筑以至家具的风格和流派紧密结合；有时也以相应时期的绘画、造型艺术，甚至文学、音乐等的风格和流派紧密结合；有时也以相应时期的绘画、造型艺术，甚至文学、音乐等的风格和流派为其渊源和相互影响。例如建筑和室内设计中的“后现代主义”一词及其含义，最早是起用于西班牙的文学著作中，而“风格派”则是具有鲜明特色荷兰造型艺术的一个流派。可见，建筑艺术除了具有与物质材料、工程技术紧密联系的特征之外，也还和文学、音乐以及绘画、雕塑等门类艺术之间相互沟通。
风格的成因和影响
室内设计风格的形成，是不同的时代思潮和地区特点，通过创作构思和表现，逐渐发展成为具有代表性的室内设计形式。一种典型风格的形式，通常是和当地的人文因素和自然条件密切相关，又需有创作中的构思和造型的特点。形成风格的外在和内在因素。
风格虽然表现于形式，但风格具有艺术、文化、社会发展等深刻的内涵；从这一深层含义来说，风格又不停留或等同于形式。
需要着重指出的是，一种风格或流派一旦形成，它又能积极或消极地转而影响文化、艺术以及诸多的社会因素，并不仅仅局限于作为一种形式表现和视觉上的感受。
20-30年代早期俄罗斯建筑理论家M• 金兹伯格曾说过，“风格”这个词充满了模糊性„„。我们经常把区分艺术的最精微细致的差别的那些特征称作风格，有时候我们又把整整一个大时代或者几个世纪的特点称作风格“。当今对室内设计风格和流派的分类，还正在进一步研究和探讨，本章后述的风格与流派的名称及分类，也不作为定论，仅是作为阅读和学习时的借鉴和参考，并有可能对我们的设计分析和创作有所启迪。
室内设计的风格
在体现艺术特色和创作个性的同时，相对地说，可以认为风格跨越的时间要长一些，包含的地域会广一些。
室内设计的风格主要可分为：传统风格、现代风格、后现代风格、自然风格以及混合型风格等。
一、传统风格
传统风格的室内设计，是在室内布置、线形、色调以及家具、陈设的造型等方面，吸取传统装饰“形”“神”的特征。例如吸取我国传统木构架建筑室内的藻井天棚、挂落、雀替的构成和装饰，明、清家具造型和款式特征。又如西方传统风格中仿罗马风、哥特式、文艺复兴式、巴洛克、洛可可、古典主义等，其中如仿欧洲英国维多利亚或法国路易式的室内装潢和家具款式。此外，还有日本传统风格、印度传统风格、伊斯兰传统风格、北非城堡风格等等。传统风格常给人们以历史延续和地域文脉的感受，它使室内环境突出了民族文化渊源的形象特征。
二、现代风格
现代风格起源于1919年成立的鲍豪斯学派，该学派处于当时的历史背景，强调突破旧传统，创造新建筑，重视功能和空间组织，注意发挥结构构成本身的形式美，造型简洁，反对多余装饰，崇尚合理的构成工艺，尊重材料的性能，讲究材料自身的质地和色彩的配置效果，发展了非传统的以功能布局为依据的不对称的构图手法。鲍豪斯学派重视实际的工艺制作操作，强调设计与工业生产的联系。
鲍豪斯学派的创始人W•格罗皮乌斯对现代建筑的观点是非常鲜明的，他认为“美的观念随着思想和技术的进步而改变”。“建筑没有终极，只有不断的变革”。“在建筑表现中不能抹杀现代建筑技术，建筑表现要应用前所未有的形
象”。当时杰出的代表人物还有Le•柯布西耶和密斯•凡•德•罗等。现时，广义的现代风格也可泛指造型简洁新颖，具有当今时代感的建筑形象和室内环境。
三、后现代风格
后现代主义一词最早出现在西班牙作家德•奥尼斯1934年的《西班牙与西班牙语类诗选》一书中，用来描述现代主义内部发生的逆动，特别有一种现代主义纯理性的逆反心理，即为后现代风格。50年代美国在所谓现代主义衰落的情况下，也逐渐形成后现代主义的文化思潮。受60年代兴起的大众艺术的影响，后现代风格是对现代风格中纯理性主义倾向的批判，后现代风格强调建筑及室内装潢应具有历史的延续性，但又不拘泥于传统的逻辑思维方式，探索创新造型手法，讲究人情味，常在室内设置夸张、变形的柱式和断裂的拱券，或把古典构件的抽象形式以新的手法组合在一起，即采用非传统的混合、叠加、错位、裂变等手法和象征、隐喻等手段，以期创造一种溶感性与理性、集传统与现代、揉大众与行家于一体的即“亦此亦彼”的建筑形象与室内环境。对后现代风格不能仅仅以所看到的视觉形象来评价，需要我们透过形象从设计思想来分析。后现代风格的代表人物有P•约翰逊、R•文丘里、M•格雷夫斯等。
四、自然风格
自然风格倡导“回归自然”，美学上推崇自然、结合自然，才能在当今高科技、高节奏的社会生活中，使人们能取得生理和心理的平衡，因此室内多用木料、织物、石材等天然材料，显示材料的纹理，清新淡雅。此外，由于其宗旨和手法的类同，也可把田园风格归入自然风格一类。田园风格在室内环境中力求表现悠闲、舒畅、自然的田园生活情趣，也常运用天然木、石、藤、竹等材质质朴的纹理。巧于设置室内绿化，创造自然、简朴、高雅的氛围。此外，也有把70年代反对千篇1律的国际风格的如砖墙瓦顶的英国希灵顿市政中心以及耶鲁大学教员俱乐部，室内采用木板和清水砖砌墙壁、传统地方门窗造型及坡屋顶等称为“乡土风格”或“地方风格”，也称“灰色派”。
五、混合型风格
近年来，建筑设计和室内设计在总体上呈现多元化，兼容并蓄的状况。室内布置中也有既趋于现代实用，又吸取传统的特征，在装潢与陈设中溶古今中西于一体，例如传统的屏风、摆设和茶几，配以现代风格的墙面及门窗装修、新型的沙发；欧式古典的琉璃灯具和壁面装饰，配以东方传统的家具和埃及的陈设、小品等等。混合型风格虽然在设计中不拘一格，运用多种体例，但设计中仍然是匠心独具，深入推敲形体、色彩、材质等方面的总体构图和视觉效果。
Interior design style
Interior design style and genre, and belongs to the indoor environment artistic design and mental function category.Interior design style and genre are often well as furniture and architectural styles and genres closely;sometimes with the corresponding period of the painting, plastic arts, and even literature,music and other styles and genres closely;sometimes with the corresponding
period of the painting, plastic arts, and even literature, music style and school for the origin and influence.For example, architecture and interior design of“ postmodernism” and its meaning, the earliest is used in Spanish literature, while the“ style” is distinctive in Holland a school of arts.Visible, architectural art in addition to having with materials, engineering technology closely related features, also and literature, music and painting, sculpture and other arts communication.Style of causes and effects
Interior design styles, different ethos and regional characteristics, the creation idea and performance, has become a representative interior design form.A typical type, usually with the local humane factors and natural conditions are closely related, and need of conception and shape characteristics.Formation style of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors.Although the performance in the form of style, but the style with art, culture, social development and the profound connotation;from this deeper
connotation, it does not remain at or equal to a form.Need to emphasize is, a style or genre once formed, it can positively or negatively shifted to culture, art and many other social factors, not only confined as a form of manifestation and visual sense.20-30 's early Ruian architectural theorist M Ginzburg said,“ style” this word is full of ambiguity.......We often make distinctions between art the most
subtle and meticulous differential those feature called style, sometimes we put a whole era or centuries feature called style“.The interior design style and genre claification, is a further research and discuion, the Zhang Houshu style and genre name and claification, nor as inconclusive, just as reading and learning reference, and it is poible for us to design analysis and creation of enlightenment.The style of the interior design
In the embodiment of artistic and creative personality at the same time,relatively speaking, can think style acro a long time, contains the broader in area.The styles of interior design can be divided into: a traditional style, modern style, modern style, natural style and mixed style.One, traditional style
The traditional style of interior design, is in the indoor layout, line, color and furniture, furnishings design and so on, to learn traditional decorative” shape“ and ” God“.For example, to learn traditional Chinese wooden structure building's interior caion ceiling, hanging down, for the construction and
decoration, Ming, Qing furniture shape and style characteristics.And like the traditional western style in imitation of Rome wind, Gothic, Renaiance, Baroque, Rococo, neoclaical, wherein such imitation Europe England France or Vitoria Louis interior and furniture design.In addition, there are traditional Japanese style, traditional style of India, traditional Islamic style, North Castle style etc..Traditional style often give people with history and context of the region, it makes the indoor environment highlights the national cultural origin of image features.Two, modern style
Modern style originated in 1919 the establishment of the Bob Moorhouse school, the school is in the historical background of the time, emphasize to break the old tradition, the creation of new construction, emphasis on function and spatial organization, pay attention to develop the structure itself in the form of beautiful, modelling concise, against unneceary decoration, advocating rational composition proce, respect for the material properties, pay attention to their own material the texture and color configuration effect, development of unconventional to functional layout based on asymmetric composition
technique.Bob Moorhouse pay attention to the actual production proce operation, emphasize the design and industrial production link.Bob Moorhouse, the founder of the school of W Gropius on modern
architectural view is very bright, he believed that” the concept of beauty with the ideas and technical progre and change“.” Building no ultimate,The only constant change“.” In building performance cannot be obliterated modern building technology, architectural expreion to the application of hitherto unknown image“.The outstanding representative personage and Le Corbusier and Mies Van de lo.At present, the generalized modern style can also refer to simple modeling novel, with the contemporary architecture and interior environment.In three, after the modern style
The term postmodern appears most early in the Spanish writer de Aunis 1934” Spain and Spanish claes selected poems“ in one book, used to describe the modern place inside the inverse dynamic, particularly a modernist pure rational psychology, namely the post-modern style.In 50 the United States in the so-called modernism fading conditions, and has gradually formed the
postmodern cultural thoughts.By the 60's the rise of the public art, postmodern
style to modern style of pure rationalism tendency critically, it believes that the construction and interior decoration should have historical continuity, but not rigidly adhere to the traditional ways of logical thinking, innovative modeling techniques, pay attention to human, often in an indoor setting exaggeration, deformation of the column and fracture of the arch, or the claical component abstract form with new style combined together, which adopts the
non-traditional mix, superposition, dislocation, fiion and other practices and symbols, metaphors and other means, in order to create a solution of
perceptual and rational, the set of traditional and modern, and popular with experts in one” also“ image of the building and indoor environment.On the postmodern style not only to see the visual image to the evaluation, we need through the image from the design idea to analyze.Post modern style
represented by P Johnson, R Venturi, M Graves.Four, natural style
Natural style” regreion is natural“, highly aesthetic nature, combined with the natural, in today's high-tech, the high pace of social life, so that people can obtain physical and mental balance, so the indoor multipurpose wood, fabric, stone and other natural materials, display materials, texture, fresh and elegant.In addition, because of its purpose and methods is similar, can also be put into a cla of pastoral style, natural style.Pastoral style in indoor environment to the performance of leisure, comfortable, natural pastoral life, often also shipped with natural wood, stone, rattan, bamboo and other materials and simple texture.Clever setting indoor greening, to create natural, simple, elegant atmosphere.In addition, there is also the 70 time against follow the same pattern
international style such as the brick wall tile top British hillington civic center and the Yale University faculty club, indoor use of wood and brick walls, water of traditional local window shape and slope roof and so called” native style“ or” local style“, also known as” grey pie".In five, the mixed style
In recent years, architectural design and interior design in general presents diversity, fully inclusive and equitable status.Interior layout also has both tend to modern practical, and learned the traditional characteristics, in the
decoration and display of ancient and modern Chinese and western integrated solution, such as the traditional screen, decoration and a tea table, with the modern style of walls and doors and windows decoration, new sofa;
Continental antique gla lamps and wall decoration, with oriental traditions furniture and furnishings, sketch and so on egypt.The mixed style while in the design not to stick to one pattern, using a variety of styles, but the design is still
have great originality, elaborate form, color, material and other aspects of the overall composition and visual effects.
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